

rcsSES 



MOOKE'S SUJ&JlL HEW-YO&KER. 



iJLIjc Rcoictucr. 



■ i"1 ln-i.i hi* of U>« 6p"rti 









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1 .. gOM * ■' **' "" 























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"bbrevlaSou,l>iin. » 



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. l.TOU] epHneUcIJ, 



SOlOgJ rv.r publl.bcd In " 

 . tweB rrllpn-d t-y • great I 

 pmfin-iho puUfeiMoo at H 

 i.i.rnlc" 1 fillunn. Valuable 

 Ud prcicnliarpaatc* U tn ml 



wblefa lb* Unabridged I 





WlMTM'l OfDOgnpbJ * 



ork. m.ojwd/aet.a 

 Dictionary of tb» l<m 



parents. 



National vatiily 





real way in p 



olata to 



f ki.t.fl.- L „-.« I,.i,-, ,„,n, 



.alu that Pol. 









lonil On'pTlal 









i England m 











through 









Washington— I'ach bellti 

































,) Io we all th 









arkueea, Tblape 



Inaoltj 





tugular 



lea If perhaps i 



.when 



oore di*utrt>u 



Far* Duainaoi. Tho Principles, 



I.-.-M of Undoing Land will. 8lo 

 nnd Open Duel,,-, on-1 M-p.-.'li.ll) 



KMi«uiB.ripucK" ..f rij-.^i 



^o£^ By HrsiV K Vits'cn' 



CiiMUn'r 



PLATANTHERA CILIABIS- YELLOW FHLNOED OHCHIS. 



a Singular 8nafce-Hen 



•od of i 



ABOUT BOTANY. 



Tint as ire bat few porsons who do not admire 

 lowers, yet it is equally true that but few have 

 he patience to undergo tho seeming drudgery to 

 tudy the science of Botany. This arises from a 

 amnion objection urged against the bard names 

 m ployed to designate the various plauts, or their 

 everal parts, and deters mast persons (otherwise 



ho subject, on its very threshold. 



Hard and arbitrary as the names may eeem, 

 iven to an ordinary good scholar, they are, never- 

 theless, usually significant to bim who is master 

 of the Greek and Latin languages, as the peculiar 

 ea which the plant suggests is clothed in words 

 mpouoded from those languages. The excuse 

 r which is, that thus a universal nomenclature 

 obtained, aliko available to every classical 

 holar, be he German, French, or English, 4c, 

 thereby obviating the necessity of learning the 

 for objects io other locaiilie3or countries, so 

 perplexing to the naturalist. 

 This would be well were it actually carried out 



We I 







tn, having i 

 t them, and 



lomplimeut, will call a plant 

 konttUtskya aftersomeobBcuro Bohemian botanist, 

 bard name is applied to a genus of the 

 family, differing but little from the Hibis- 

 s have the A*, virginka.) The Schwalbea, 

 Castilleia, 4c., 4c, are of this class. There is 

 improvement, and Dr. Lindly, in his 

 late English work, as also Dr. Guay, in our coun- 

 try, have made innovations by Anglicizing most of 

 the terms used, and now say the "Pink Family" 

 in place of "oaryoi'byllacem," and the like, which 



Apart from all this, be the objections what they 

 mar, vegetation has au individuality like every 

 other branch of science, and its various species 



the classical arrangement, and must needs be firal 

 understood to some degree, 



color; and, as wo examine them more closely, the 

 fancy Deeds no stretch to conceive the flowers to 

 bo a flock of miniature birds of Paradise, perched 

 around a common centre, exquisitely wrought out 

 of burnished gold. The only void I felt on that 



s that I 1 

 the pleasures of th 

 have shouted like A 



silent admiration mi 



Vllh I 



ting f 



Burtiat only that 

 :i'"i"!-d ,-ipplioation, and 

 keeping. 



This is a native plant, truly well worthy a place 

 among the rarest exotics, both for its profusion of 

 showy flowersand theirpeculiarstructure. There 

 are sixteen species, all of them more or less showy 

 like tho large and small purple fringed Orchis, 4c, 

 but this is decidedly the handsomest species. To 

 conclude, though I am not one of those 



I would, nevertheless, 



ryour.: 



profitable a 

 full reward, notwithstanding s 

 an eye only to " dollars and ct 

 suit "don't pay." Mrs. Hale, i 

 says truly : 



Tho dmty, WHyaldi -.ti.Tcr 



occted with very poor conductors of heat; or, that 

 r of winter permeates the bed of gravel by 

 fortuuate opening into the earth, by which 

 the congelation takes plow. As the subject hu 

 attracted to much attention, other fl 



hoped, will lead to some satisfactory aud ade- 

 quate solution. 



The ebief object i* to give your readers the in- 

 teresting facts, derived from difft 

 which place them beyond alj doubt. 







WHERE 18 THE "FAR WEST' 



a receut issue of the Rural wo made brief 

 tion of tbe trip lately performed by the 

 irbioh is considered the 



The Kansas City Journal gives the following addi- 

 particnJars: 



i steamer Spread E.igle, Captain Chontesa, 

 returned on Saturday from the moat remarkable 

 royage ever performed in river navigation, hav- 

 tig, when reaching St. Louis, performed on one 

 rip over six thousand miles. She was 850 miles 

 ibove the mouth of the Yellow Stone, or 2,500 

 niles above Kansas City. To realize the country 

 vliieli idle skirled, it mil be necessary to compare. 

 Prom Cairo to Titt&burg, the Ohio is 1,000 miles— 

 from New Orleans to Pittsburg, the river naviga- 

 tion is 2,200 miles. On the Ohio are the States of 

 Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Virginia and 

 Pennsjtvnoia, and below to New Orleans are Mis- 

 souri, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Lou- 

 isiana. On the Ohio are the towns of Cairo, 

 Paducah, Smithland, Shi 



Henderson, Evansvillc, Louisville, New Albany, 

 Madison, Cincinnati, Maysville, Portsmouth, Pom- 

 oroy, Parkersburg, Marietta, Wheeling, Steuben- 

 ville and Pittsburg — none less than 

 tants, and more than half having from 10,000 to 

 250,001) each. Below this line of river to New 

 Orleans, we find Memphis, Napoleon, Natchez, 

 Vicksburg and New Orleans. 



What an array of wealth, population and com- 

 merce doeB the list produce, yet they embrace a 

 country of only two-thirds of the extent of that 

 traversed by the Spread Eagle on her present trip. 

 And on all the line of navigation, as great as that 

 between New York and Liverpool, there is not a 

 rapid fretting of the current of the Missouri, or a 

 fall to stop the even strokes of the steam engine. 



This is a most remarkable fact, unparalleled in 

 the world, belonging to no continent save our own, 

 and no river save the Mi 

 West was born with 

 twenty-five years has made on the Ohio a 



The Empire oft! 



We have an empire beyc 

 citizen of the East points 

 "For West," we can direi 

 flight of the Spread Eagle 



> for 1 



i Missouri, 

 while the 



o thousand' Jive hun~ 

 t seen that mythical 



» plant 



Th;. 



least ; and the 

 natural system is now becoming more popular 

 than the artificial of Linh.eps, which had its day, 

 and may still be used as a secondary method. 



Permit me, kind reader, to speak of the pleasure 

 the pursuit yields when we once have commenced 

 to mako a collection of pressed and dried speci- 

 mens, each successive ncquis 

 desire for more extended resi 





,,.y v 







•r. Wc regard tbla w 

 <m to Ibe Agrlcullm 



Books Received.. 



m v. ..... i g fl it| 



ICKription and SlatlHiCSr 



■ 



" "Parana Picking*," cm 



1 ' "I ■ 8 H ... 



Tlr.iil,. [UDUt— pp 



' 



| I'lul.ul.lpLU.: 

 ■ 11, «lp nod 



f by. By 1 ^ 

 'or*-. Dertj * U Ja 

 ,r A Co. 

 .Explanatory, Dix 



■ I lrn.l 



I : ■ 



ii nan ii. ■■ i ..ii. ,■. 



ii>m n.ur : .t. The Simple Story of 

 ft lij a Milliter's Wife. [16m©— p] 

 orfc: Derby ic Jsi k 



■ 



With one of Dr. A. Gbat's Manual* o 

 Botany, we can name all the plants tbat may b 

 found north of Virginia. Tben to wulkfajtb int 

 Nature's sequestered haunts, and cull the fli^eu 

 emblems of her sweetest Bmilcs, perchance 



he various flowers tbat line ouo* path as we str 

 award to the deep and silent solitude of t 

 alley, where 



Perhaps the liern 

 startled at jour pn 

 chirps. But 

 step brings 



ie wdd, luxuriant solL" 

 it Thrush, in bis solitude, is 

 leocc— all is still— scarce an 

 ■hat of solitude, when every 

 w wonder into view. Here, 



indeed, do the Orchid* luxuriate; on every side 

 the l\-ynias, Oypriptdiutru, Plalan- 

 thtra*, and Orchidi. Such a locality, it ujs noj 

 guild fortune to fall upon in the Northern seciion 

 my native county, iu the early part 

 of August, 1850. Then and there did I first 

 «ilb the splendid "fake Orckit," bearing the 

 haul nnmn of FlaUmthtra CiUaru, of which 

 ■ 



0b, irhal a glorious sight!— horc, hid away 

 from the noise and bustle of the jostling wort. 

 ' rt ct amid the grass and underbrush- 

 bright as jewels set in emerald. It is well worth 

 Ut« i. I Lo be tliu* rewarded with one of those 

 mndroui display* of Nature's handiwork. The 

 1 "' spikes, of a bright golden yell. 



) and a half to two feet 



i- l.ril 



! LiiLCti 



a holy nature lead 



THE FBOZEN WELL AT BRANDON, VT. 



Concekmno thi3 phenomenon tl 



the excellent paper of Rer. Dr. II; 



at the late meeting of the ScientiQ 



and by other documents. 

 Brandon is a village at the west base ot the 

 reen Mountains of Vt., on Otter Creek, some 

 ilea south of Middlebury College. The well is 

 )t a year old. as it was dug in November, 1853. 



Its location is on the eastern slope of a bill of mod- 



of the village. The well U three feet in diameter, 

 and about thirty-four feet deep, and has at its 

 bottom more than two feet of water. The hill is 

 composed of gravel, coarse and fine, which slopes 

 with the surface of the hill. When the digging 

 reached to about fifteen feet through the gravel, 

 or about nineteen feet from the surface, a frozen 

 mass was struck, consisting of gravel and ice, the 

 ice being in greater or less mosses, occording to 

 the cavities ; and this was continued about fifteen 

 feet more, when water was reached and the bottom 

 of the well filled as above by the flowing of the 

 water from different directions. The water of the 

 well is next below this frozen nnd icy stratum, and 

 near thirty inches deep. 



As might be expected in the 

 the well wa3 very often froien over in me w 

 and spring, and even in May and June ice, I 

 inches thick, covered the stones of the side 

 several feet above the surface of the water, 

 is not prevented even by the partial covering 

 of the well. The water in the well, even in : 

 mer, is not one degree of Far. above the freezing 

 point, while the ice on the wall, or side, is below 

 the freezing point. The oir near the water was 

 3,^', while the atmosphere at the mouth of the 

 well was fifty degrees. Snch arc the facts of the 

 Frozen Well. 



On various sides of Ibis well, nnd at no great 

 distance, are springs and well>. The formi 

 fed by surface water, for the temperature is nearly 

 that of the air; and the latter do not reach tbc 

 frozen stratum, if indeed it is under them. Prob- 

 ably the ice-bound layer of gravel is of quit* 

 limi Led (.'stent. It ifl necessary that the fact should 

 be ascertained by digging or boring, 

 actual conditions of the ice-bed may t 

 known. 



The cause is not yet fully nscer 

 IIitcucock supposes it may be owin^ 

 dnj't, frozen aud then buried under drift u 



MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA. 



GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA. 



My 8, 6, 19, 13, 14, 41a a city io Italy. 



My A, It, B, H, 1, 6 ia a county in New York. 



My 9, 13, 18, 9, 3, 2. 8, A la one of the United Slates. 



My 0, 4, 9, 6 Is one of the grand dLvifllons of tho earth. 



My 1, 6, 8, 0, 2, 10 Is a largo city In China. 



My 6, 3, 7, fl, 12, 11, 13, 9, 4 Is a city in Maryland. 



My C, 13, 12, 4 Is a range of mountains Ln Europe. 



My 4, 14, 9, T, 14 U a river In France. 



My T, 9, 18, H Is a river lo Egypt. 



My 4, s, i'i, !', 14, 3 I* an [aland belonging to New York. 

 My whole wasoneo lav capital of the Roman Kmplri 

 Wt st Dresden, N. Y„ i»fc Alio N. Dox. 



olleges Bnd s 



lorries, and professors as tbe leaves of the 



brains more than they do their 



ids. The genius of tbe age is bringing a dearth 



the land. But hunger is a great enemy to 



iius ; it cools the ardor of youth, and tho evil is 



working out its own remedy. Men wbon thus 



brought to tbe starving point, are taught that they 



bauds. Already there is mutiny in tho camp.— 

 f life are so dear, tbat the people 

 groan aud sigh for the "flesh pots agai 



nust have cultivat 



d minds a 



d cult 



vated Gelds, 



>ut one m 



ist noi 



be had at 





expense of the 



















play makes 









AM play s 











re toy." 



This is jus 



as tru 



c now as it 





in 



the days of 



the unknow 



nbard 





th 





iocs. Now 



the true position is 



at the mean 





m 



n these two 







nd study sh 





Ro 



on together. 



Tbat they c 



an go 



n toiietlier 







e abundant 



evidence i 



the h 



es of N. 1' 



Li.. 



NKS 



and Elibu 



. sprmg 

 ie. She 



of labor, ar 



d a great 



is the mot 



or of our 



. it must 



uve been 



.motor of 



forking men. It tnnit have been tho design of 

 our Creator, that man should earn bis bread. 



The Cretans were in ancient times the most 

 expert slingers iu the world. Their mothers used 

 to place their bread upon a high tree, and no boy 

 could have his meal till bo hud brought it down 

 with bis sliog. {Something similar should be done 

 Tor the benefit of the rising generation. Every 

 boy and girl should be early taught that they have 

 duties to perform. When they have arrived at tho 

 age of fourteen years, they should be a help to their 

 parents, and cease to be a burden. They should 

 be encouraged in every possible way to be busy, 

 studious and useful. They should not be bubbed 

 and sifted, but treated as men and women. Tho 

 girls should obtarn a practical knowledge of every 

 household duty. They might be encouraged to 

 1, with 



aing or get t 

 eotness and dispatch, by the presei 

 .de-saddle. They should also hs 

 round, with lime and opportunity 

 owers. To make the boys trusty 



t of a booko 



i thei 



nth I 



^,4c. 



ARITHMETICAL PROBLEM. 



I 



ALGEBRAICAL PROBLEM. 



ASSWERS TO ENIGMAS, 4c, ffl No. 



Djakfl mistakes, ifyou deal with honest men, (and 

 you need not deal with any other,) the mistakes 

 could be rectified. No class of meu have such a 

 choice of men with whom to trade, as tho farmer. 

 fie deals with a very few men, and those few may 

 be the best. All tbat is wanting is a little care at 

 the outset. He can thus with a proper discretion, 

 steer clear of disputes, and tbe mazes of the law. 



To encourage boys to work, say come boys— not 

 go boys. Come boya should bo the farmer's 

 watchword. Working parents generally have In- 

 dustrious children. The boys shguld have a pieco 

 of lond to do with as they please. The great aim 

 of porents should be to teach their children to do 

 for themselves. This is at least half of the great 

 battle ot life. There are thousands who a 

 ful to others, but cannot do anything fo 

 selves, because they never learned to do it. L,ute 

 unfledged birds, they need be under wing. What 

 is working tbe mischief with our young men is, 

 that the old folks bold the stall' of authority too 

 long. They keep their sons in the background, 







500»qo*JiM th.-y gen 



e In mi' i - v 



aud unbiti 



complete underlings, 

 m. If. then, tbe fathers 

 their eoos, to be ; pirited 



part Allan ai 'o drjTfl occasionally to 

 the store, tbe mill and to meeting. Nothing has a 

 tendi nej to pl«" ?<J»og men, or mike them more 

 virtuous than to bo tru*t>d by their parents. If 

 then, you have sous indufllrlOM, virtuous and 

 umbitiuiis, charge lliem utrly with business, for by 

 ibis means you pat binders upon them, that will 

 hold them to good habits as they pass up and 

 down the hills of this life. u. k. i. 



No Time. — Wo complain that wo I 

 time." An Indian ('hie 

 :-.ud .i v.i-..t tiling limn ,.■■■ . 

 man remarked in his beating that ho bai 

 enough. "\V. I. 

 suppose you hui ■ 



iT ttGXKr. 



