?S££ 



MOORE'S &U&&L XfEW-YO&EEH. 



SEPT. 17. 





11 1 



ined. 



io!bJDg but a whip. I 



idly, , 



la driving oxen with a whip— without lines— 

 the drifer »eed», in the first place, a whip that ib 

 a, proper thing to drive oxen with. A roan cin- 

 not eijicct to drive a joke of oxen well with a 

 cudgel, nor band spike, nor pitchfork, nor with s 

 hoop-pole, as many use for such a purpose; nor 

 doeB be want a little switch, or lusb whip, not 

 more than a yard in length. Hut, he wanta areal 

 Yankee's ox whip. The stalk should not be leas 

 than (even or eight feet in length, email, light, 

 and elastic, with a email light lull tied on the 

 end, about two feet long. It should be long 

 enough so tbnt the driver can Bit behind his team 

 in the wagon, and reach the beads of bis oven with 

 the lash. Such a whip is not designed to flagellate 

 oxen with, but to drive them, by its light touches 

 and skillful motions. 



Now, then, a teamster needs to understand how 

 to make u motion will. In-, whip, tr/im to make a 

 certain motion, Win to touch the oil' ox, before or 



bchini 

 behind 



driver 

 all htl 



. and when to touch t 

 or in any other place 



p of a good t 



on. Every i 

 will bejm 



whip, without iitiurini; 



lething; and if t 

 >clly, i 



leIHgibl. 

 drive njoki 



ght touches 



tell how it should be 

 ie whip of a skillful 



and t 



words of the driver ; aod if they 

 intelbgibly and onderatandingh 

 soon learn to atep to the mark i 

 promptness. A awing of toe wl 

 rumps towards the heads of oxen 

 is standing by the side of the i 

 very quickly learn me 

 the driver drops back. 



forward. Hut if 

 c going forward, 

 ton tn a diagonal 







J of the t 





i word is uttered t 



tbem. 





When n driver walks or rides behind his 0X00, 



a swing of the whip, over the ox 



n, from right to 



left, or a touch on the forehead, 



r right shoulder 





:i the lash on the 



buttock of the off ox, will always 



make them haw; 



while a touch on the forehead nod left shoulder of 



the off ox, and a touch at the sam 



etime on the but- 



tock of the near ox, will make th 



em gee. But the 



words of command should alw 



ays precede the 



motions and touches of the whip 



It is very sel- 





-.iry ( 



mid . 



Wh 





adily understand and promptly obey tbem. Bui 

 i a driver makes a motion with his whip, and 

 isen obey it, and in obeying it, they move 

 lly the reverso of what he desired, and they 

 receive an unmerciful lashing for it— which 



pected that a well trained yoke 

 mora obedient than Balaam'; 

 :S7.) There are cc 



mil b 



soft 





derstand, as meaning, wh 

 to the right; haw, or hoi, to [urn to 

 com* along, or 170 along, to proceed 

 and back, to itep backwards, A good 

 will never use but one of these phrases 

 But, it is no uncommon thing to hear 

 uow-a-days, halloo at their 





c-htr, 



z 



the lash is 

 can best hit 



applied at 



and,,,,,, wh 

 SVhco you n 



OX to stop, speak 



id of 0. N 



ouod whoa 



oxen nud one might as well speak to them 

 unknown tongue. What kind 1 

 would a yoke of oxen mako, if they should obey, 

 promptly, the command lo, "wAoa-bacbhatB-come- 

 here go along," or " whoa-back-get-go-along t "— 

 Vcl suoh commands: are very common, with many 

 of the ox-tcamsters of the present day, which ac- 

 counts very conclusively for the unaccountable 

 stupidity of working oxen in so many instances. 

 Let the ox teamster "keep bis tongue, with all 

 diligence," and when bo desires hit 

 in given direction, give them the corresponding 

 word, nnd motion, or touch of the whip, and they 

 Will very soon obey, as promptly as horses that 

 are guided with lines. 



When driving 0, yoko of oxen straight forward, 

 let the driver sluud by ibe side of the near ox, 

 say three or four feet from him, with his whin 

 erect, so that both Ihe oxen can ace. Now as the 

 word ootJH along is given, in a plain, open sound, 

 just touch thom bolh with the lash, on their rumps. 

 Touch tho slowest ox first. Now, keep the whip 

 erect, as a soldier carries hi3 musket when 

 ing. When the word whoa is announced, let the 

 driver stop short and speak distinctly whoa. 

 ■'•■■ il DOl able to bring out this Yankcoi.-m, i 

 round, full tone, let bim speak the letter 0, vt 



hands should always be 

 very careful how tht-v touch their oxen, aod above 

 all, how they strike them. It is always attended 

 with no good consequences to whip any oxen, un- 

 less we know they are in the fault, and know how 

 to obey better; and when oxen are very spirited 

 they will always obey infinitely better with a ge 

 ch of the lash, and a good round word 

 nd, than with all the whipping aod yelli 

 that a boisterous teamster is able to briDg out 1 

 the occasion. Whipping obedience into spirited 

 oxen, is not unlike old aunt Culok's whipping her 

 refractory boys: "while she whipped out one 

 devil, she whipped seven more in." Let young ox 

 teamsters always be taught to spare tbe whip, and 



proper touches with the whip. 



Ah intimately connected with this subject, I may 

 be allowed to pen an egotistical anecdote— which 

 I trust you will pardon— showing how often good 

 oxen are most shamefully abused, when the driver 

 tupid than the beasts he is en- 



j the dark- 



r of 1 



I born blind. I s 





But " altitude " is against us, — ttas is a regioi 

 frosts, say they. And werenotsomeothersecti 

 "frosty" the fourth of June last* Those who I 

 in glass bouses should not throw stones. 



But let us possess our souls in patience. 

 shall see. The Sorghum defenders of former ye 

 are committed on the subject, and will, of cou: 

 report. We want the facts of Sorghum cultun 

 1859. We do. They must not say that the sea 

 has been unpropitious, for it was in the face of 

 known character of the climate on the 4i!-15 p 

 aliel that they declared it was uo humbug, but 

 would become a general and standardcrop. Messrs. 



S- W , Dooliitlb, &c„ Ac, stand up to the 



rack ! Don't dodge. G ive as Hie fuels. 



Praiteburgu, N. T,, Sept., 1SS9. W. B. P. 





ing t 



1 least inclined to stop. It 



itoff.liketheyelpofawoll-andatth 

 Mils hifl whip and let the lash fall 

 head of the ox th 

 may be ueeessury, 



ox a blow with the lash, so that it will sn 

 lit lb-; but it is much the best to try a light louch 

 With the lash first. Never keep the n In,, S „ IM , 

 ing over the oxco, and around their heads when 

 they arc moving forward. l u drlring oxen that 

 are very spirited, when they are going straight 

 forward, and are incl.ncd to go too rapidly, tbe 

 driver should stand about even with tbe yoke and 

 put bjs. whip forward or tbe heads, touch them 

 lightly, and try to check their rapid pace with 

 light blows. If they become too impetuous, gire 

 them the word whoa, and stop, and then start on- 

 ward again for n short distance. But spare all the 

 hard blows with the lash until there seems to be 

 no efficacy in gentle touches with it. Never keep 

 a, whoa, whoa, iu 

 more steadily, and 



When at one of my neighbors, who had a good 

 yoke of oxen, Pat was trying to drive the oxen be- 

 fore the wagon to bitch them to it. lie brought 

 them up to the tongue of the wugon, with their 

 beads to tbe side of it, and with a cudgel gave tbe 

 off ox a crack on the head, and bid him " ticp over 

 the tongue." Of course the ox backed up and 

 went in an opposite direction. All bis efforts 

 failed to get thorn before the wagon j and Pat, 

 like an infuriated fellow, was making the most 

 desperate efforts to "clave them to the skull," 

 threatening to wreak tbe most direful vengeance 

 on their "contrary nacks," when I said to him, 

 "Pat, let me assist you a little." Said I, "Pat. 

 go get the ox whip." "Indade, sir, and Mr! 

 B. will allow no man to be after whipping his 

 oxen." " Get me the whip," said I ; " I'll teach 

 them a lesson, (but I meant him,) so that they 

 will trouble you again like this. Pat, these oxco 

 are Yankees." "Indade they ore, and the in-liest 

 kind, sure." Taking the whip in hand, said I, 

 " Now, Pat, I want you to observe just how many 

 Haiti I strike that contrary ox, how hard I strike 

 him, and where I strike him." " They'll surely run 

 away," said Pat. "Now, Pat, I will give these 

 oxen three words of command, and they will step 

 exactly to the spot where you want them, and 

 stop." With an understanding swing of the whip 

 and the command, come along, they walked lively 

 up to the tODgue of the wagon; and, as the off ox 

 put bis forward feet over fhe tongue, I halted, 

 short, and elevated the whip, and bid them whoa, 

 when that contrary ox placed his bind feet over the 

 tongue, and stopped, exactly in the desired spot. 

 "And you are not the man that can do that again," 

 said Pat. At the word come along, Buck, and the 

 swing of the whip, they stepped forward, a 

 hawed around, and at the word whoa, stopped 

 before, within two inches of their first tract 



GREAT DAYS' WORKS. 



The men who at fifty or sixty years of age boast 

 of the half-dozen extraordinary days works of their 

 youth and early manhood, can seldom be coi 

 among those whose life-long labors have been of 

 great effect in subduing tbe earth or converting its 

 products to the use of man. In a multitude of 

 instances, those who treasure up and recount the 

 occasional great industrial achievements of their 

 earlier days, are persons of naturally indolent dis- 

 positions, whose ambition, having been roused by 

 rivalry in the field or shop, they put forth their 

 utmost streogth on brief occasions, and, content 

 With having outworked their competitors for a day 

 or balf-day, and proved how much they were able 

 to do if they only chose to make the necessary 

 exertion, relapsed into their usual forced, reluc- 

 tant habits of work. Others of really ambitious 

 nature, in the playful zeal to try tbeir streogth, or 

 leeomplish the greutest possible 



tof v 



ticular 



fearfully overtasked themselves 



often doing more to break dowi 



stitntion than years of ordinary labor would have 



darkne- 



nd backing him again : 





xipen 



a of the 



uld be 

 novice should first notice whether both pupils are 

 of exactly of the same size. After this, he should 

 carefully place his band, so as not to alarm the 

 horse, over eaoh eye, to shade off tbe light, and 

 sfora short time, noticing the exteut 

 pupil dilates, then pasB bis band 

 n whether it also 

 if be should still 



hold it the] 

 :r the other 1 



let I, 



sofs 



1 place both hands 



■ bolh tbe eyes of tbe horse, 



and he will at once perceive (if his 



good) whether they are perfect; and if not, which 



of the two are imperfect." 



Oon the practice of boring tbe boms, cutting 

 off tbe lads, and similar remedies for diseased ani- 

 mals. Dr. G. H. Dadd, veterinary surgeon, Boston, 

 Mass., thus writes to the Valley Farmer: 



I wonder that intelligent men, Christians, and 

 men who have beeu for many years the owners ol 



pleased to term the inferior orders of creation, 

 should so far disregard the feelings and claims 

 which the latter have on them, as to permit the 

 of bygone days to be enacted over 





irthly u 

 and perhaps dying a 



> harass aud t 



There is, Urn 



of which the 



7 the g« 



only nothing gained but 

 days' works, 



se their idleness, and tbe 

 account for their inability to do 

 prime of life. In whatever busi 

 ;d, he will geuerally accomplish r 

 un by doing regularly a fixed, e 

 of labor each day, than by perft 

 nary day's work occasionally, and 



> for Bin* 



when he feels disinclined t< 



effort, as well as undervalues 

 dulgence in sloth. Idleness 1 

 past industry very fast; befo 

 ias consumed tba saving! 



makes by 1 





STACKING AMD CURING BEANS, 



quest for information about putting up beans to 

 cure. Tbe following plan has been practiced in 

 this section for several years, and I have never 

 known beans when so put up to injure, even in the 



:ie limbs 1 } ., inch pios might be used — these will 

 eep tbe beans off the ground. Set the poles firmly 

 1 the earth and they are ready for use. Place a 

 3 the snag, and 0: 



handful of beans t 



J of 1 



that they v 





-ind 1 





where to stand whei 



, Patc 



uldd 





SORGHUM. -WHERE IS IT? 



oe that makes 



Eds. Rural:— Any c 



deep impression on the 



memory on each anniversary of its occur- 



and this is the reason doubtless that, as 



Lson wooes and frosty nights approach, I 



motion of interest in regard 



Sorghum ! Am 



■ households 



es for their "lie 

 and < 



"better half 



slorc 



. be dri 





■1 pw ar o w t rf ) let 



make any team walk 



When it i s desired .„ „„ 



the W b drop ou tbe buttock Qf 



'»»«!? after the word is given to gee around, and 



r step forward, near the head of the 



oke a motion to the off ox to back. 



duh.s le.u. k ■''Wider. IT the off 01 



i-b. To fa. «L JZ+: bcb "' d ' " i,b lh « 



back opposite the tails of the 

 one word, hate arovnd > and 



1. Hi* i..t. .». . >"«vMJucn 



let the drm 



II Ib*Qfl I 



">J, let the dri' 



3 give them 



t time touch 



off ox on his rump. If the 

 as much as he ought lo by touching on tho"!)""! 

 give him a blow with tho lash over the shoulder ' 

 so that the lash will strike on the right shoulder' 

 Aa soon as oxen have become accustomed to the 

 s of command, aod touches of the whip, they 



so, without a preliminary supply f tbe needful 

 requisites wherewith to work. Hence, they are 

 everlastingly calling for this, that, or the other 

 thing, among which sugar is prominent. To my 

 question to-day, "how much!'" the reply was, 

 "0, no special quantity — any amount less than a 

 tun Will come in play!" Considering that the 

 family ,s of but ordinary size, this reply fairly 

 made me stare, and brought up in touching aud 

 aflectionate remembrance my old-time and well 

 beloved Sorghum friends, whose self sucrifieioe 

 devotion to the cause of Cheap Sllgnr , ia lIle fac f 

 of sneers by the garrulous, and the jeers of old 

 fogyism, is greatly to their praise. 

 How ia tbe Sorghum? but more particularly, 

 il il thin current year? The public prints 

 have had much to say all along during iht summer 

 of the growing and garnered crops. "Wheat and 

 grass and rye, potatoes and fruit, hare been 

 closely watched, and the prospect reported at each 

 stage of development, but "nary a word"' have 

 ve had of Sorghum. What does it mean ? Is it 

 tndied despite? or are the cultivators thereof 

 •tanning "etartling announcements" when the 

 crop ahall be gathered, and the "mills" have done 

 . „ know. We can 

 hope for the best, but be prepared for the worst 



right up with the tops out, and so that tho stack 

 shall not be over 2>$ feet through. At the top of 

 the stack the roots should be turned up and tied 

 to the pole, to bold them in place and turn off tbe 

 the rain, or a little straw cau be used for a cover- 

 ing. If well put up after this plan the rain will 

 never soak into them, while the air can circulate 

 under and through the stack. One set of poh 



intelligent man must he aware that cattlo are as 

 susceptible to pain as ourselves, and that the intro- 

 duction of a tpike gimlet, at the base of the horn, 

 lot* dozen, must put the animal to on immense 

 amount of torment; for, in the region indicated 

 the parts are highly organized and very sensitive. 

 It gives me pleasure lo find that you have a heatt 

 to feel for these much abused specimens of crea- 



denounce tho practice of cruelly to animal?, 

 although it attempts to shield itself under the 

 garb of science; but you and your readers may 

 rest assured that nil educat/d veterinary surgeons 

 consider tbe practice of boring cow'3 horns and 

 cutting of their tails, both cruel and unnecessary. 

 Some of your readers may ask, How are we, who 



ot studied in 



to the matter, to know that 







r, appeal to y 



our own intelligence; would 



ffer an ignor 



ut pretender or a neighbor, 



no more ex 



perencc in the treatment of 



V'-ml 1,1,1,, 



nd bei d Impnfi 



iXhlt.H1,, 11 



of the michlnp 





morn definitely 







I hja L; llla 



rEngli n,-n 









intns. Thenar 



eight feel In 



diameter and nae 



disease than yourselves, to send a g'tmUt into tho 

 frontal sinuses of your sick friend, wife, or child, 

 for no other reason than that the region or the 

 same was hot and feverish? Where is the man 

 who would stand by and witness such an outrage- 

 ous procedure? Some persons may contend that 

 animals recover after such operations have been 

 performed. Granted, but that is no proof of the 

 efficacy of the same; the recuperative powers of 

 mough to bear tbe 



hould ever be taken into accc 

 rould fit any animal for slaughte 

 ag, from tbe A meriean Agricuta 



swellknown.aud 



int by those who 

 ing. Thefollow- 

 ri«l, is worthy Ihe 



"From observation extending over a dozen year; 

 more, made in villages and the rural district* 

 i have noticed that the futtest and best pork ii 



ly kept in a small pen. The villager has a smal 

 om, and crowds his pig into narrow quarters foi 

 c whole year. It is fed on slops for e^Li duihiIh 

 J foi the lust four is crammed with scalded In 

 an meal. He gets pork of decidedly better qnul 

 ity than be can purchase, and gets it cheaper. Tht 

 whole energy of the animal is forced by his train 



and tho orrtlonry «ecd drill, tints enabling tbe 

 r to complete tho whole labor of §padtng or 

 f, harrowing and drilling at ono operation, and 

 aimed) at Uk- rate of one and a quarter to two 



Iving gear for tho purpose of propelling a reaper 



innry machinery fur Uircaliirijj, 



e prod,,, 



lOf fi 



j and f 



.1 wben 1 



. T. K., On 



! Valley, lY. Y., ISM. 



Rural Spirit of ttjc |)rcs0. 



■ . ■ 



A warren in the London (Eog„) SevinB give; 

 the following mode of detecting imperfect vision 

 or blindness in horses:— "The novice in horse- 

 flesh may have good grounds for suspicion ns to 

 the existence of imperfect vision or blindness, 

 when the horse moves his ears in a constant and 



to every quart 1 



ceeds. His action is lofty and faltering, and he 

 lifts up his feet and replaces tbem on the ground 

 as if stepping over some obstacle, when there is 

 actually nothing to impede his free progress! on, 

 But, notwithstanding that these symptoms would 

 be sufficient to create suspicion, there are other 

 causes (besides imperfect vision) by which the 

 same, or similar symptoms, would appear in 

 horses. For instance, if a horse with the most 

 perfect pair of eyes were led from a dark stable 

 the blazing sunshine, the sudden contraction 

 of the pupil of bis eye would render it impr, s .ible, 

 for a few moments, for bim to see but very indis- 

 tinctly ; hence would arise the same symptoms ol 

 tainty in his movements, until the pupil be- 

 , steady after the sudden contraction. Tbe 

 )n and contraction of the pupil of tbe horse's 

 eye furnishes the principal means of ascertaining 

 whether the blindness exists in one eye or both, as 

 this pupil varies in size, according to the degree 

 of light which is brought to bear upon it. In a 

 dark stable, the pupil is expanded, so that a 

 greater portion of light falls upon the cornea ; but 

 if the horse is led to the door of the stable, the 



than could be endured; and if suddenly exposed 

 to the sun, the aperture will be all but closed; 

 therefore, the novice should carefully notice these 

 variations in the pupil, whether they contract or 

 expand equally by the increase and decrease of the 

 light — which he may readily perceive by advanc- 

 ing the horse's head to the open door or window 



The pigs of the fanner, on the other hand, 

 in a pasture or ou the common, for six or e 

 months, and are shut up a dozen or more in a large 

 pen to fatten, because be has plenty of room. 

 energy of tbe animal has gone very much t 

 development of snout and feet, and the propensity 

 to run and to root is not circumscribed very much 

 in his roomy pen. By Christmas he is not more 

 than two-thirds fattened, and he has consumed 

 quite as much as Ibe village pig, which is ready 

 for the knife. We have two yearling pigs, good 

 for four hundred and fifty pounds of pork by Christ- 

 mas, that have never been out of a pen, eight feet 

 by twelve, since they were eight weeks old. Small 

 peDS kept dry, and regular feeding is the secret of 





mlV 



opinion of fallows in general thus:— 

 fallows have pretty well gone out of 

 s they deserved to; for the fields when 

 vn, "to rest," as people used to say. 



piece of c 



the sod u 



grass and weeds get a start, to be mo: 



out by the cold in Winter. Jack FroBt i; 



very few if they a 



ridges, just r. 



just for 



reerea 



me befo 











Vinttr 



'•>"■ «"« 



hear; 



.t Ni'wpnrt, I^le of Wight, u 



■ promotion of Hum 





e turned up where hi 

 lem. If the ground 



Well ■: 



be light work to run the pi. 

 again. Tbe sod will also t 

 the after work of hoeing will be 

 from fighting grass all Sui 



utd il.-i 



I've often had 

 1, where a heavy sod had been 

 turned under in the Spring. I would spread 

 manure on in the Spring before plowing, and then 

 plow light, leaving the sod below undisturbed for 

 the corn roots to work in when they get down 



Valitb of Cobs Fodder.— According to the ex- 

 periments made by the Massachusetts Slate Farm 

 School, corn-stalks are worth one-quarter asmuch 

 id fully equal to wild or marsh 



Ag. Fiirj Next WEEK.-The Ohio a 

 air* ooeor next wcek-Sepl. 20-iil- tht 



to Fair, N. T. City, la also held ne 



isex, JefTi.TB.in, Lewis, Livingston, Ono 



leans, Tompkins, Wayne and w>sb 



ilrs— Byron and Bergen, Baitland, ifu 



quehanna Valley and Tonnwands Vuu> 



v Fair 



irfrt. Officers of 



UAJf BOABDMAS. 



Wood worth, and 

 Secretary 



:7^%^. 



