

MOOHE'S RXJ&AL KEW-YOM.ER. 



THE AKT OF TEACHING. 



tbii 



Much has been said and wi 

 subject, yet how few of our educators seem to 

 understood anything of the real and proper method 

 of imparting instruction. Generally speaking, 

 Rome youth, just emancipated from the confine- 

 ment of the district school, where he has, perhaps, 

 "been through the Arithmetic," and ob'ained a 

 alight smattering of English Groramar, Geogra- 

 phy, 4c, imogtnu himself fully prepared to teach 

 "young ideas bow to shoot," and thus equipped 

 be starts forth in quest of employment. Thia 

 obtained, be commences the usual routine of hear- 

 ing recitations, solving problems, and the tbou- 

 sand-and-ooe duties which present themselves 

 with each revolving day. The childrei 

 bis capability to tench by the readiness with which 

 be answers tbi>tr arithmetical puzzles,— and the 

 parents judge ol" his proficiency and success by 

 the rapid strides with which tbeir offspring march 

 through their text books, — the number of times 

 they have been through their readers, — and the 

 favorable account the children bring home of their 

 wonderful prolicieucy in their various branches of 

 study. 



Here, it appears to me, is one cause of tbe many 

 imperfect teachers. Tbe standard by which tbe 

 public judge is an improper one. Rapidity is 

 taken for thoroughness ; a knowledge of words 

 instead of a knowledge of things ; and until this 

 standard is changed — until the public mind be- 

 comes aware of the fact that no one is properly 

 educated in any branch of science, until he is thor- 

 oughly acquainted with the principles upon which 

 that science is founded, tbe crop of poor instructors 

 will be large. For instance, in studying Arithmetic, 

 it is better to go thrsugb once, with a thorough 

 analysis of its principles and rules,— even if only 

 a few examples under each bead are solved — than 

 a score of limes, in tbe semi-mechanical method 

 which is so much in vogue at the present day. 

 Yet this change must be made by the teacher 

 himself. He must labor to impress tbe truth of 

 these facts upon the minds of his pupils, and 

 through item to reach and influence the minds of 

 the parents. Could this be done thoroughly and 

 sy&teiiiutieally, a vast improvement would be made 

 in our educational system, and a step of great 

 importance taken toward the acme of literary 

 excellence. 



This subject, when viewed in its proper light, 

 goes far toward showing the vast responsibility 

 which rests upon the school-teacher. Upon him 

 not only rests the duty of instructing tbe young, 

 but of diverting the public mind from its false 

 position and pointing it to that which is true, — 

 tearing off ibe veil which ignorance and prejudice 

 has placed upon tbeir eyes, and holding truth 

 up to their view in all its fair proportions. And 



forms, and prejudices and biases as peculiar and 

 various as the individuals who possess them, he 

 most be a man of great originality and invention, — 

 one whose head is well stored with useful knowl- 

 edge, whose read inghas been varied and extensive, 



of society, both old and young. This is a subject 

 worthy of tbe deep and earnest attention of every 

 one interested in our National and individual 

 prosperity, and one which presents itself not only 



nectcd with our Educational System. 



THE CLOSE ©F SSH001.. 



"" quickly run, With cheerful hearts ami faces. 

 surely tell. As round the hearth we're seated. 



HHi^^ 



3. Then to our God who reigns above, We'll raise our thoughts and 



<=i=i z 



For well we know that in his love. Our teacher's heat 



HM^i^s^s 



^m*mg?m 



part in right good cheer, Nor feel a touch of 



We'll gladly go; but, teacher dear, We'll all come back t 



^P^ g^aEJ ^Bg ^R^Fl sg 



m 



PHYSIOLOGY IN SCHOOLS. 



How greatly this important branch is negleUfed 

 in our common schools. Even teachers them- 

 selves are ignorant of this study. I think tbe 

 assertion can be sustained, that one-half of the 

 District School Teachers of this State do not 

 understand Physiology. They do not know the 



number of pulsations of the heart, unless they 



is less frankness in its avowal. Tbe confinement 

 of children at so early an age must be prejudicial 

 to tbe proper development of their physical pow- 

 ers. Action is as necessary to the health of a 

 little child, as the atmosphere is to life. To keep 

 a child still and unoccupied, is doing violence to 

 its physical nature. In its very sports and plays, 

 a child may be learning what are, for its age, the 

 most important and practical lessons. 



It is true, a precocious development may be 

 secured, by a premature stimulus of the mind, 

 carried on in advance, and to the neglect of physi- 

 cal and moral training. Dr. Johnson's suggestive 

 question, "Wnat becomes of all the clever chil- 

 dren?" fitly indicates the value of Buch precocity. 

 A few years ago, infant schools suddenly became 

 very numerous, and little lispers astonished won- 



Infant Philosophy," "Physiology made easy," etc. 

 ame thought a new era in education was about to 

 awn upon tbe world, and predicted that those 

 precocious prattlers were tbe harbingers of "the 



fled i 





ill made 



:hools into nurseries, show that some vestiges of 

 lis exploded theory still remain. The number of 

 children under five, attending Public Schools in 

 Massachusetts, tbe last year, was 12,370. It is 

 gratifying to observe that there was a decrease for 

 year of 1,238. — Massachusetts Teacher. 



ScnooL Lidbaries. — The benefits of a well- 

 iclected school library in every school-room in tbe 

 State surpass computation. The good books in 

 .hem would be useful for reference not only during 



dleness and vice, from sorrow and despair, when 

 10 other but these silent and impressive monitors 

 and teachers were present. They would admonish 



jach our youth and bless our homes the 

 year. Tbey would banish from among us 



jrtful literature so cheaply and abundantly 



bed, with tempting pictures, at every corner. 



r youth are taught to read they will read 

 something. If parents do not see that reading, in 

 heap form, is thrown in their way, bad men will. 

 These good books would form a correct taste for 

 reading, which could not afterwards well be per- 

 verted, leading to habits of inquiry which must 

 result in better citizenship, wealth and a happier 

 stale of society, Tbe quickening, conservative 

 and elevating influence of such a library in every 

 town can require no argument.— Hon. Jonathan 

 Ttanev. 







lbyo 





ivery teacher should 

 m in Physiology, as 



it taught by 



n bo takci 



during the time of general exercise This is 

 accomplished very easily in the country where you 

 have everything ut hand. Yon can easily procure 

 the different parts of an animal, and dissect and 

 explain the functions of different parts in a plain 

 and convincing manner. You cunnot imagine what 

 an interest this will create, and tbe anxiety with 

 which the scholars will await the return of the 

 general exercise, for they know something good is 

 coming. 



It will not only excite the children, but it will 

 put some new ideas in the beads of the parents, 

 giving ibem a good impression of the teacher. 

 YV lieu we see the benefit that is derived from a few 

 minutes' labor, and observe bow much difference 

 such lectures have caused, then will we witness 

 and feel the teacher's true- reward. Fell..w Teach- 

 ers, try this, and if my views are right you will 

 succeed. E 



VERY YOUNG CHILDREN AT SCHOOL. 



Tub statistics show that a large number of chil- 

 dren ore sent to school ot too early an age. We 

 sonn'iimes hear parents object to the rule adopted 

 by IxJEmiiiltees, excluding all under four, and, in 

 some towns, five years of age. It is a question 

 whether the limit should not be higher than lower. 

 In some oases it is frankly acknowledged that 

 "tbey arc 8eD t to school to get them out of tb 

 way, and, as this educational fever is intermitteo 

 and hebdomadal, uniformly most prevalent oi 

 Mondays, the motive may be no belter where there 



WEYER'S CAVE.-No. I. 



ear the western base of tbe Blue Ridge. It was 

 iscovored in the year 1S04, by Bbunaiiu Wrveb 

 fox-hunter, who, while searching for a lost trap 



Tbee 





length of tbe Cav ( 

 is about sixteen hundred feet, b 

 nearly doubled by the numerou 



this distance is 

 iranchiogs and 

 passages. In height it varies from 

 four to ninety feet. The floor is dry and hard, but 

 the walls are constantly wet with the lime-water 

 which trickles from above. These drippings in 

 time form the beautiful incrustations aud strangely 

 life-like statues which people almost every room 

 of this subterranean pal 



t tbe t: 



uall - 



a of i: 



make the Cavi 



i- the . 



what difficult of 





through a narrow and irregular passage, the ced- 

 ing suddenly lifts, tbe walls expand, and the 

 "Guard Room" is before us. Around tbe walls 

 are ranged rows of pale images, resembling, by 

 the dim light of the candles, groups of statuary, 

 and appropriately called the "Guards." In the 

 center of the arched roof is an opening bordered 

 with brilliant stalactites, which reveals to us a 

 lofty dome, surrounded with columns and hung 

 with gorgeous drapery. 



From this room a passage sixty feet in length, 

 and terminating with s descent of thirteen feet, 

 brings us i„t "Solomon's Temple." Here we 

 find an elevalcd seat, glittering with snowy stalac- 

 tites and hung with elaborately wrought drapery, 

 which is called the « Throne." In a corner of the 

 depend] 



roof, exactly r 









behind aud beneath it the formations resemble a 

 pulpit and desks. Strangely out of keeping with 

 the reBt of the room is a mass of rock called 

 " Niagara Falls." So perfect is tbe resemblance 



some magic wand touched the plunging waters 

 and foaming spray and changed them into stone. 

 Just above the cataract a stalagmite, somewhat 

 similar in form to a man in the act of leaping, is 

 called "Sam Patch." 



Next in order in the guide-book, though not 

 in order as we visited tbe rooms, is the "Shell 

 Room." This, formerly called the " Radish Room," 

 is remarkable for the beautiful formations which 

 adorn its roof. Thousands of small stalactites, 

 various in color and form, depend from the ceil- 

 ing, and as the guide lifted bis light among them, 

 the pendant crystals, with drops of lime-water 

 sparkling among them, assumed a brilliancy 

 which recalled to the mind the wonders of Alad- 



Passing through the " Porter's Lodge," a long, 

 narrow room of no special attraction, we enter 

 the "Pantheon," and leaving the direct route, 

 gain access to the " Lawyer's Office," a room fitted 

 up with strange imitations of boxes, benches, 

 rolls of parchment and other legal paraphernalia. 

 In the floor is a reservoir of delicious water, cool, 

 and clear as crystal, from which visitors are accus- 

 tomed to refresh themselves. Still keeping out of 

 the main way we visit " Weteb's Hall," where a 

 couple of stone figures are pointed out, which the 

 imagination, with considerable effort, transforms 

 into the fortunate hunter and his dog. The third 

 and most interesting of these side rooms is called 

 the "Armory." It contains many magnificent 



Hembltttice to the v*ri v .\isloii;lemenmofTrOT-7— ©tro- 

 of these, the " Shield of Ajax," is surrounded 

 with armorial accompaniments, and in a hall dedi- 

 cated to Macs, seems well placed and appropriately 

 named. Beeitba Mobtiuer. 



A LIST OF WONDERS. 



he thousands of marvelous inventions 

 which American genius has produced within the 

 last few years, are the following, compiled from 

 the Patent Office Report : 



The report explains the principles of the cele- 

 brated Hobbs Lock. Its " unpickability" depends 

 pon a secondary or false set of tumblers, which 

 ouches the real ones. Moreover, the lock is pow- 

 er-proof, and may be loaded through the key bole 

 nd tired off till the burglar is tired ofliis fruitier 

 fork, or fears that the explosions will bring to 

 iew bis experiments more witnesses than he 



ill himself. The more he pulls tbe line, the 

 deeper goes the harpoon. 



uking machine has been patented, 



which is worked by a steam engine. In an experi- 



ital trial, it froze several bottles of sherry and 



produced blocks of ice the size of a cubic foot, 



he thermometer was up to eighty degrees. 



.Iculated that for every tun of coal put into 



nace, it will make a tun of ice. 



Dr. Dale's examiner's report, we gather 



i of 1 



a of pa 





bad made a slight improvement in straw-cutters, 

 a model of his machine through the Western 

 is, and after a tour of eight months, returned 

 with forty thousand dollars. Another man had a 

 lachine to thresh and clean grain, which in fifteen 

 ,>nths,he sold for sixty thousand dollars. These 

 re ordinary cases — while such inventions as the 

 telegraph, the planing michine and India rubber 

 patents, are worth millions each. 



iminer Lane's report describes new electrical 

 tions. Among these is an electrical whaling 

 apparatus by which the whale is literally " shocked 

 i death." Another is an electro-magnetic alarm, 

 hich rings bells and displays signals in case of 

 re and burglars. Another is an electric clock, 



guts a lamp for you at any hour you pleaae. 

 There is a "sound gatherer," a sort of hugo ear- 

 iimpet, to be placed in front of a locomotive, 

 bringing to tbe engineer's ears a'l the noise ahead, 

 perfectly distinct, notwithstanding the noise of the 



Thei 



:s up pins from a 

 >und with their 

 a papers in regu- 



se; another one sco 

 ind another rocks 

 it take in washing i 



There is a parlor chair patented tbatcann 

 tipped back on two legs — and a railway i 

 that con be tipped back in any position wil 

 any legs at all. 



Another patent is for a machine that counts 

 passengers in an omnibus and takes their fare. 

 When a very fat gentleman gets in, it counts two 

 and charges double. 



There are a variety of guns patented that load 

 themselves; a fishing line that adjusts its own 

 bait, and a rat trap which throws away the rat, 

 and then baits itself, and stands in tbe corner for 

 another. 



There is a machine, also, by which a man prints 

 instead of writes his thoughts. It is played like 

 a piano forte. And speaking of pianos, it is esti- 

 mated that nine thousand are made every year in 

 tbe United States, giving constant employment to 

 one thousand nine hundred persous, and costing 

 over two millions of dollars. 



ARTESIAN WELLS. 



The Columbus (Ohio) Gazette gives the follow- 

 ing account of the boring of an artesian well in the 

 Stale Capital grounds of that city : 



At the depth of 123 feet below the surface, the 

 auger first struck a bard limestone rock, and at 

 149 feet limestone water appeared; at ISO feet, sul- 

 phur ; and at C75 feet salt water veins were struck. 

 At 0-; I feet slate or shale rock was reached, thro' 

 which the auger penetrated to the depth of 1,074 

 feet. At tbe depth of 1,445 feet, iron tubing was 

 inserted for 22." feet in length, which prevents the 

 brittle, soft, shelly rock from filling up the cavity. 



On Monday morning last, tbe borings indicated 

 the presence of sand rock, giving the most flatter- 

 ing prospects of a near approach to water. On 

 Wednesday last tbe auger reached a depth of 1,990 

 feet, sinking from four to five feet every twenty- 

 four hours. The workmen are more encouraged 

 at this time than tbey nave ever been heretofore, 

 and we shall not be at all surprised to hear of the 

 entire success of tbe experiment. 



The strata perforated by the auger may be set 

 down as follows:— Loam, sand and gravel, 125 

 feet ; aud sand rocks 14 feet. The boro of the well 

 to the depth of 1,700 feet is tV, inches in diameter; 

 below that ajtf inohes. The cost of the work thus 

 far is about $9,000. 



There is an Artesian well at Louisville, Ky., of 

 three inch bore, and 0,086 feet deep. The water 

 rises by its own pressure, when confined in tubes, 

 170 feet above the surface, and it is said discharges 

 260 gallons per minute. The St. Louis Artesian 

 well at Belcher's sugar refinery, is 2,199 feet deep, 

 and the water rises 75 feet above the surface of the 

 ground. Some of the salt wells near the Ohio, 

 Muskingum and Hocking rivers, are from 1,500 to 

 2,000 feet deep. 



I YMM^lffilTOT. 



THE ODORS WE EN JOY. — CAMPHOR, 



That solid, concrete substance called Camphor, 

 is known to all Young Ruralists, for we doubt if 

 there is any one thing more generally found in the 

 bouses throughout tbe country, noteven excepting 

 our National Narcotic — tobacco. Some one has 

 said, "concerning the simplest and most familiar 

 objects men are too apt to be the least informed," 

 and as this may be tbe case with Camphor, we 



description of varieties and mode of manufacture, 

 from Jo hkston's Chemistry of Common Life, 

 hoping our young readers will be gratified there- 

 with. Seale, one inch to twenty feet. Scale for 

 flower and leaf, one inch to four inches. 



GEOGRAPHICAL ENIGMA. - ACROSTIC AX. 



My 2, 10, 0, fl la a county lu Kentucky. 

 My 3, 8, 2, 10, 7 is a county in Michigan. 

 My 4, 8, T, B, 13, 0, 3, 10, 7 Is a county ia Kentucky. 

 My 6, 14, IS, 13 is a county In Georgia. 

 My 6, 13, 4, 8, 10, 10 U a county in Texas. 

 My 7, 14, 1, 6 U a county in North Carolina. 

 2, 6, 8, 7, 15 is a county in Ohio. 



, 11, 19, 11, 15, 2, 8 Is a county In Virginia. 

 , 2, 0, 4, 0, 8, 7, 15, 10, 7 Is a county In Illinois. 



o, Michigan, 1859. A. O. Haveh. 



ALGEBRAICAL PROBLEM. 



W Answer In two week.. 

 ANSWERS TO ENIGMAS, Ac, LN No. 508, 

 Answer to Miscellaneous Enlgma:-Knavery ia thi 



"There a 





known ve 



rieties of camphor. 



The two mo 







erce, are the cam- 



phorof Japan, called 



alsoDutc 



cam pb or, because 



it is usually brought 



to Europe by tho Dutch, and 



tbe China o 



Formosa camphor 



Every part of the 



camphor tr 



e (Laun 



. rai>ti>h\< 



a) is impregnated 



with the perfume. Itis extrac 



ed by chopping the 



branches an 



.1 boiiki' 



them in « 



ater; tbe camphor 





surface, 



and beco 



□es solid, when the 



water is afterwards 



allowed 





The odor 



of the 



ampbors 



is powerful, »ery 



cbaracterist 



c, and t 



many pe 



r3ons very agreea- 



able. Itis 

 and numero 



sed for s 



entingso 



ps, tooth-powders, 



as for tbe toilet. 



What is c 



II, d Uor 



aeo eainpb 



oris obtained front 



a different t 



ee(Dry 



balu„..f>.-) 



hut by tbe action 







rted into 



,ommon camphor. 



An artificia 







epared from oil of 



turpentine; 



but it does not possess the composi- 





ance of 



,,■■ Inurt-I 



amphor, and can* 



not be used 



as a substitute for 



'■" 



NOBLE SENTIMENTS. 



Tins 



uld 



agreeable world, after al 

 only bring ourselves to look at the subjects that 



beauty where we behold deformity, and look and 

 listen to harmony where we heard nothing but 

 discord. To be sure, there is a great deal of vexa- 



and . 





forever, yet, if wo preserve a calm 

 eye and a steady band, we can so trim our sails 

 and manage our helm, as to avoid the quicksands 

 and weather storms that threaten shipwreck. We 



ing tbe same road and shall arrive at the same 

 goal. We breath the same air, are subject to tho 

 same duty, and shall lie down upon the bosom of 

 our common mother. It is unbecoming, then, 

 that brother should bate brother; it is not proper 

 that friend should deceive friend; it is not right 

 that neighbor should deceive neighbor. 



We pity that man who can harbor enmity 

 against bis fellows; be loses half tho enjoyment of 

 life; be embitters his own existence. Let us tear 

 from your eyes tbe colored medium that invests 

 with the green hue of jealousy and suspicion ; turn 

 a deaf ear to scandal; breathe a spirit of charity 

 from your hearts ; let the rich gushings of human 

 kindness swell up as a fountain, so that "tbe 

 golden age" will become no fiction, and the islands 

 of the blessed bloom in more than Hyperian 

 beauty. 



Tuehk are many who say more than the truth 

 on gome occasions, and balance the account wit 

 their consciences by saying less than the truth o 

 others. 



l^SS^^. 



