TWO DOI^L-AIiS A YEAIt.] 



'PROGRESS AJSTD IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOLTK CENTS. 



TOL X. NO. 43. , 



ROCHESTER, N.Y.-FOE THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 22, 1859. 



.WHOLE NO. 511. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



URAL, LITERARY AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 



CONDUCTED BV D. D. T. MOORE, 

 With an Able Corps of Assistants and Contributor!. 

 Tim RnuL SctToMM Is desljned to be unitnriiwed 



dormant unless it cod come near Ibe surface. His 

 arm wns mostly in grass, nod he applied niauure 

 n September and October, on ibe surface. Its 

 efl'ect on tbe growing gras3 cau be seen Tor hulf a 

 ii the spring il [a 

 lifted up by the growing grass, clogs the machine, 

 nod its full benefit is not gained until tlic follow- 

 ing Tear. A good way of manuring >s to put s beep 

 the grass in tbe fall, and alio* tbein, to eat 

 td to the roots. Bad one meadow, giving fine 

 crops, that bad never been plowed 



■e in just as tl came from the barn, and deep. 

 Tout which did not decompose the brat year was 

 it, it was available after the n£» plowing. 

 Ho did not believe in the teaching of manures, 

 ■e water poured on a barrel of mind would 

 leach through pure water. He did not, either, 

 e in late fall posturing, as recommended by 

 Mr. Allen. 



Mr. WitfBQAB, in reply to tbe remarks of Mr. 



Pjtf.RS, that nature had placed manure on the 



face, said that nature did no plowing. Tbe 



latest difficulty with bim was to get tbe manure 



under. Had no fears of getting it too deep. 



Goldsmith, of Orange county, said inorganic 



ires may be spread on tbe surface without 



loss, in fact tbey would be likely to gain ammonia 



NEW YORK STATE FATE. 



A vkfiy creditable desire was shown by the 

 farmers in attendance at tbe State Fair to improve 



weary with tbe labors of the day, the evening 

 discussions were well attended. Tbe large and 



beautiful Lecture Room of the Stale Agricultural 

 Society, was literally 



o'clock bmd i 



full 1 



We did i 



t reach Albany 

 Wednesday and 



Tbursduy evenir 



report of the m< 



Ding, and in the next number nil) give that f 



Thursday, and perhaps a few suggestions as 



tbe best way to render Agricultural Lhscussioi 



interesting and profitable. 



At tho suggestion of Hon. T. C. Peters, 

 Darien, Col. Zadock Pratt was called to t! 

 Chair. Mi. Peteiis announced tbe subject pr 

 posed for discussion as Manure*, and the Jl, 

 \ plying them, and remarked that tb 

 Was a very important question, for many farmers 

 had learned that tbey could net grow crops w 

 out manures, and others were fast learning 

 Important lesson, whereupon, 



Wu. I'm -iiu, of Onondaga, spoke of bis sys 1 

 He uBod from SO to 25 loads to the acre. Apply it 

 generally iu tbe spring, aud plow under as boo 

 as practicable Takes long, dripping monu: 

 from tho burn-yard, spreads it on the land, plot 

 under, and pi mils corn— next year barley, and ne; 

 wheat. Then lays down to clover. The Preside 

 inquired if Mr. P. could live by such a system 

 he employed a man to do the work. To which 1 

 replied Hint be commenced with nothing, bud pa 



ii. , und bad a little money left to expend 



m attending Iho State Fair. 



11 r \V i vi- 1, ui, of Cayuga, thought manure should 

 be plowed under, as a general rule, but had found 

 a top dressing excellent for wl 



Mi U iiv, f Onondaga, bad learned much 



about manures and their management from Jon 



Jotikston, of Geneva, and had, in tbe main, adopi 



Stabled bis stock, and made tb 



most of tho manure. Drew it to tbe fields in tb 



r directly from the stable, and threw it 



thai 





modi water as though ii 



lad lain soaking until 



spring' drmn ing does not 









ground was ready, plow it 



n lightly, in this way 





I! 



hi htd subdued 



as mellow as an ash heap. 



Mr. Perans said he differed wit 

 (""ii in regard to the application o 

 would not plow in manure deep. Bury it 

 inches or so and the roots of plants would b 

 in undiog it. Tbe second time of ph 

 »'g ho would plow deep, so as to sandwich 



pile.! I, 



■ U-tw 



, the t 



I plowing;. Kai 



i the surface, and she bad 



■ placed on or near tho 

 luced the moat satisfactory result*. 



i.EN.of Black Rock, said any general 



application of manure will prove a 



fallscy. Ones., stem* ill not do for all soils. Clay 



Ms it does water, and it remains 



J of < 



i badr 



o other tbu: 





Collins, of Lewis county, hud u niece of 

 laud wbicb bad been in grass over fiftj 

 DO . luced over three tons 



e manuring on this grass c 



Mr. Marks, of Oonondoga, was first taught that 

 manure ehould be plowed in, but often saw no 



composted in the yard, and drew to the fields in 

 September or October, and applied od the surface. 

 Some years ago he bad resolved never to plow 

 under manure again, but last spring deviated I. oni 

 this purpose, and well plowed under twenty cords 

 per acre, and planted corn; tbe crop is Dot much 

 better than where no manure was used. He would 

 never bury manure again, as be invariably got the 

 best r 



ields in the winter, 

 3 muck. Obtained 



under deep, and the f 

 shelled corn to the 01 



The e 





north of the village of Lyons 



Mr, Geddes. o( Onondaga, said such experiments 

 as that stated by Mr. Sylvjstsb were apt to lead >o 

 error. It was complicated. Mr. S. had plowed 

 deep, broken up tbe subsoil, which perhaps h..d 

 not been done before, and this, in addition to the 

 Manure, gave a good crop. He was indebted to 

 Mr. Maiiks, of bis county, who taught him by ex- 

 ample to put manure on tbe surface, but Jons 

 Johnston was the first aim who had the boldness 

 to recommend euch n course in print. The object 



row; this fills 



.in:.- I 



Wti r 



ts.whic 



greatly enrich tbe soil. Mr. G. ft 

 pay better upon groea and wheat thai upon any 

 other crops. Apply manure upon wheat as a top 

 dressing, in the full or early in the winter, and 

 it will remain green as a meadow through the 

 winter; even upon knolls where tbe snow was 

 blown off. Had culled tbe attention of Mr. 1'ltehs 

 to this, and he expressed fears that it would not 

 ■toad through, but his feurs were groundless. In 

 answer to tbe Inquiry, whether drilling bad not 

 been the cause of the thrift of bis wheat, Mr. G. 

 said that all his wheat was drilled, and ouly a part 





, of i 





rigor i 



-i of 



farmers present, whether they had ever derived 

 any benefit from the use of plaster before the 

 clover came up. Uo wished them to giveahulc 

 attention to this subject, as his experience was 

 that plaster required the leaf to operate upon. 



Mr. Chester, of Ulster, bad found manure ap- 

 plied in all ways beneficial— the question, and a 



Mr. C generally plowed six or seven 



loam; i 





.uphl 







used composted munure; hud tried 

 and found it far less profitable than thai winch 

 woe composted. A little compost in the bill would 

 produce better result* ibuu a large dressing plowed 

 « dragged in. Lu*t Jclir plowed in mBnure , and 

 BITS lire per cent, of tbe benefit he 

 would.b.d II been used fa, , he h ,|, Kew | el | und 

 he in gross for a series of years-could not be 



satisfied with a small crop— broke il up, manured, 



L. F. Allkn said gra.-.ing lurid in Kentucky that 

 was Lever plowed, was worth from $l 00 to ? 170 per 

 Ogre, and H Quid keep a bullock to tbe acre. The 

 cattle was fed upon it, aud that was all the manure 

 (be laud got. From these lands came tbe fine 

 Kentucky cattle to tbe New York market. Some 

 time since Mr. A. spent a day at Mr. Patterson's 

 farm iu Maryland. When he come in possession 

 of it, it was poor, worn out land, not worth ?5 an 

 acre. Mr. P. bought lime stone land, made lime, 

 and scattered it over his poor soil, until it looked 

 as though it bad been visited by a snow storm. 

 No manure was applied but lime and plaster, and 

 now this land produced '1% tons of hay to (be acre 



A. L. Fisn of Herkimer, owned a farm 900 feet 

 above tbe Mohawk, on tbe south side. When he 

 cuiue in possession of it, it wns very poor — could 

 not make grass grow. The bun 



wed, planted to 

 M**, carefully s 



i improve. He 

 uured in the hid 



Fed i 



Manure should be thoroughly 

 mixed with tbe soil. Manure itself will not grow 

 plants, nor will poor soil, but when both are well 

 muted together, beallhy plants and a good crop 

 may be expected. He plowed deep and then 

 sowed clover, which succeeded, and ihe difficulty 

 was then overcome. Now the product of his farm 

 was four times what it wuj twenty years ago. 

 Then twenty five head of exile was all the farm 

 would support ; dow be ki p, hixty, and all done 



wjlb d ■ produced np n the farm, with the 



Wceplion of a little gnnno.-Af ilrst, to get a start. 



Mr. Uartlett of Dutchess, made a good deal 

 of manure by etabliDg bis cattle. Would recom- 

 mend to farmers a course which he had pursued 

 with advantage. Wherever he noticed a poor 

 knoll, or a poor spot anywhere on his farm, as 

 shown by tbe crop, he put stakes to mark it, and 

 at tbe proper lime applied manure liberally to 

 tbene places, just as ho would notice aDd nurse a 

 weak lamb in the flock. 



A. Q Swtb of Orang.', said all farmers know 



that land can be kept in gross a long time, but tbe 

 great mnjonty, be thought, considered it a very 

 unprofitable practice. Gentlemen suid thai afi«r 

 top-dressing from year to year, line grass was 

 produced. Then be advised that it be plowed 



Was . 





j bear any G 



ot, progr. 





enough. He had some very poor land; couldn't 

 afford lo buy guano, or other manures, to enrich 

 it; bad no stock, aod wbu' could be do? 



Mr. Ftsu recommended the planting of corn, 

 and the Ubc of ashes nod Bightsoll m tho hill. 



Zadock Pratt said in the Cotskills tbey placed 

 tbe lunburk, and the fallen leaves from the woods, 

 In the barnyard. Tois soon made manure, and 

 was placed upon corn land. This was the way the 

 furmers of Catakill commenced to enrich their 



Mr. pBTHRfl thought he might aid Mr, Rodisson 

 in his effort to make tbe "desert blossom as the 



rose," by giviug a brief statement of a case of 



Qenei 



■o.n.ty. 



streak of poor land lying south of his residence, 

 so very poor that it would not grow grass. A 

 dumber of years since a German bought three 

 acres of this land. He ^inl. an old barrel, aud 

 into it was emptied all the slops from the house 

 When it became htron'j it was placed over a small 

 piece Ol laud, and the barrel was refilled. In this 

 way about a quarter of on acre was enriched ond 

 planted with cabbage plants, and these, as they 

 grew, were refreshed and fed by the contents of 

 tbe barrel. Tbe result was a very great crop of 

 cabbage. These were fed to a cow, all tbe stock 

 the owner kept, ond the manure applied to the 

 soil. Tbe next year more than half an acre was 

 enriched. That three acre farm bad grown into 

 fifty acres as good land as there was in Genesee 

 county. 



A. B. Conger, President of tbe State Agricul- 

 tural Society, suid be regretted that the discussion 

 hod not been a little more philosophical. There 

 wos some good in all that hud been said, but there 

 were principles well settled in agricultural philos- 

 ophy which might account lor the different expe- 

 riences of the epeakerfl. It bad been settled in 

 England that nitrogenous manures were the best 

 for grasses, aud puo.^pbatic manureo for legumin- 

 ous plants. Fermenting manures had been talked 



about. Fermentation was the process of decompn 



something is done to arrest il, ii would destroy tin 

 manure. On Hie best moOe of applying, then; 

 was but one rule. The manure was for tbe benefit 

 of tbo roots, and should be placed where il 

 be within their reach. Mr. C said his objc 

 rising was not lo talk himself, but to iutrod 

 farmer from Massachusetts, the Hon. Jr. 

 Qoincy, Jr., who had had great success iu soiling, 

 and could impart valuable information on 

 subject. 



Mr. QoiKcr said bo would make but a si 

 statement of his practice. Owned a farm 

 twenty years ago produced only twenty tuns of 



This improvement was effected by tbe introduc- 

 tion of the English system otioilinff. The saving 

 of fencing by this system would be immense. On 

 one hundred acres he had not au Interior fence. 

 Farmers do not appreciate the value of cow ma- 

 nure. Most of his information was derived from 

 Mr. Dana, a chcniUt, ond author of tbe Much 



Man 



of Lowell, ; 



Her 



tbe i 



aoure was tbe only thing 

 known that would set colon, until Mr. Dana, 

 studying tbe composition of cow manure, diM 

 ercd tbe principle in the manure r-o neccssar 

 the manufacturers, and taught them b On tfcci 

 he obtained in a better ond cheaper way. A i 

 will produce about S,'£ cords of solid manure 

 year, and the liquid manure is equal to nboi 

 cords of tbe solid. If dry muck was used in tbe 

 stables, this quantity would be increased 

 fold, making it about 20 cords a year to eat 

 Such manure, within Eve or eight mi lei ..f I 

 was worth from 85 to f8 per cord. Froi 



.. the . 



II, ,1V 



submitted tbe question to Mr. Dana, n 

 given perhaps mure lime and .stud* lu this 

 thau any Other man. and Mr. D, prououi 

 estimate correct. On this authority, th 



he would 



V. iiianli: u 



BOfftC 



. The farmers of this coun 

 I bow much cau be doue o 

 rs of Frauce divide ttj,. far 







that ( 





acres each. The farmers gf tins country s 

 divide their farms with their sons, instead of 

 sending them West, and grow a large amoi 

 produce on a small breadth of laud, and great 

 good would result to both old and young. 



CURING, EMOKENG AND KEEPING HAMS, 



Ens. Roeal New-Yotikei] :— 

 your paper of Oct lit, an orticle by C. I. S., Mill 

 Creek, Erie Co., Pa., requesting some one to 8 



u lei i,ie to keep ham* and sbnuiders utter they 



: ermtt me to nive you my 

 the benefit of C. I. S., and your readers in gene 



Formerly 1 tried keeping hams aud nhouldcr 

 salt, and also in gr 'iu, but they wou'd dissolve the 

 Bait Or mould in the graiu. I then I 

 tbem in pounded charcoal with uo belter effect. I 

 uext tried dry a*hes, but uuless the hams we 

 ve-ry dry when put up tbey would taste of tl 

 ashes. I then Hied sewing them up in coon 

 clolh and white washing lliein several times ovt 

 us 1 bad seen them in that condition iu marke 

 but they did not keep well — would either mou 

 or the lime would crock and tbe flies get in, 



For a number of years I have adopted a ue 

 method and never failed to keep tbem sweet at 

 free from mould or flies. I prepare a sack for eat 

 ham. A yard square of good sheeting is sufficiei 

 for a good sized ham. After tho bams are smoke 

 and before any flies have in fee led tbem, I put the 

 up, one in a sack. I take sweet hay and cul it (i 

 a cutting-box) about one inch long, and fill in tbe 

 sack aud around the ham, so that the bam cai 

 touch the bag. Tie a cord around the open 



cool, dry place, aud they con be kept any lei 

 of time ; the bag and hay will keep awaj tbe 

 nnd allow the moisture to escape 80 they will 



Hams should always be well cured before t 

 arc smoked. I have seen several good recipe 

 the Rt'BAL, for curing hams. Tbe following 

 method, and I have often bee 



keep them through tbe summer and h»W U 01 



so flue a flavor : 



Recipe for CcniKfl H.*us— To one 

 water take one and a half pounds of I 

 half pound of sugar, ond bolf au ounce saltpelre- 

 lO be Increased m tins ratio to ony quantity re- 

 qatred to cover Ibo bams. As sooa as your pork 

 is cold cut out the hams ond pock tbem closely in 

 youreosk. Sprinkle each loycr lightly with fine 





salt — put on a weight and pour ot 

 mediately, ond before tbe juice ol 



escaped. Il will require tnun km 

 for tbe salt to si like, through, ueiron 





vould be r 



ichor i 



e them up after they hove 



necessary add o little moro salt, Great care 

 should be taken not to salt too much, us by doing 

 so you lose the fiovor of the hunf, and but just 

 enough should be used to keep them. As the bam 

 absorbs tbe salt from the brine it should be fed by 

 adding a little salt ou tbe top and tbe bams should 

 be well struck through. When the hams are large 

 I take out tbe flat bone und cul off the round socket 

 bone with o chisel, leaving always tbo large bone. 

 With care I never have faded to keep hams sweet. 

 How to Makk a Shokb-Hodbb.— Oaving given 

 you my method for Curing uud Keeping Hams, let 

 me odd my plun for a Smoke Ilouse. No farmer 

 should be without a good smoke-house, and such 

 a one as will be fire-proof and tolerably secure 

 from thieves. Fifty hums coo be smoked at one 

 time in a Bmuke-house 7 by 8 feet square. Mine is 

 6 by 7, and is large enough for most farmers. I 

 first -1 ug oil the ground out below where tbe frost 

 would reach, and filled it up to the larfsoa-iritb 

 smallBtonca. Ou this I laid mybnek Door, in lime 

 mortar. The walls ate brick, eight inches thick 

 ond seven feet high, with a door on one side two 

 feet wide. The door should be mode of wood and 

 lined with sheet iron. For the top I put on joice 

 'J br 'i. set up ed reftise and -' , inches t 





i buck, and i 



i ,,r u 



the top in the center, arching 

 should be built on the outsid 



through I 

 grate o 



This 



j than 



put the fire 

 side the smoke bouse, and 

 chimney counts o dia't through into the 

 ike-bouse. Good corn cubs or hickory wood 

 the best materials to make a smoke for hums. 

 • cost of such a smoke-house as I have de- 

 bed is about $20. kLBbT, Hrooks. 

 aotorjvlUe, Tinga Co., N. Y., Oct, 1858. 



ABOUT WATES PIPE. 



Eds. Rpoal New-Yokker :— In yonr issne of 

 July mh, 1869, I saw a communication from H. 

 J F,, of Palmyra, N. Y., describing a wa'er pipe 

 he bad made, said pipe being eon •tnie'cd of ce- 

 ment nod drain tile, which I concluded was the 

 pipe. I bad over sixty rods of wooden pipe— laid 

 down in the summer of 1854,— which failed ihe 

 pi -i summer, and being, part of tbe way, from 









ery difficult to find the I . 



pipe that would not rot in fi 

 io inch drain tllfl , the mortal » 

 ■ bushel of lime to thiee of clei 

 ro boards, about three feet lot 

 wide, nailed u piece ucross oi 

 aides four inches apart. For tl 





sand. I took 

 and four inchi 

 end, leaving ihe sidei 

 other eud I look a pice 

 half circle, and ocrewe. 

 the end, making it of 

 wider, I tbeu put my 

 tbe bottom ahuut a hi 

 luid my tile us near tut 

 the sides and ovi 

 along, again goit 

 tbe tile as closely 



Of Stoke iron, bent it 

 it fast on tbe outside, i 







•civ, and 



s possible, filled in 



ion drew tbe box 



.e process, fitting 



igelber as possible. It burd- 



ug badly off for water I was 



iter in obout three weeks from 



BnlBbed. The pipe not being dry 



s through ii 



e places, 



II holes when 

 not closed together. The lotler I could cosily 

 . with tallow, and then give tbem a coat of 

 i er , Were i to do the some job again, I would 



c my box four und a half, or live inches wide 

 Jet it staud five or six weeks befoie letting in 



answer tn the inquiry of n. T. B.,~ " Should 



the dirt be put on to the mortar immediately, or 



mid il harden lirst ?"— I would say\ oa part ol 



16 1 COVCred it lightlj immensely, part I left 



.il Ihe water was let in, uud nil t, which wos on 



low ground, «us covered with water in less than 



after it was luid, but I could see no dif- 



Tbe one appeared lo In 



the others. To his second inquii 



if the bottom of your ditch i 



soft muck and i ■ 



lay a plank Und 



laying, 



froi 



rould say, 



' 



