TWO DOLLARS A YEARJ 



' PROGIiESS AND IMPROVTCMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOUlt CKNTB. 



YOL X. NO. 44.} 



ROCHESTER, N.Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1859. 



1WII0LE NO. 512. 



MOUIIE'S RURAL NEW-YOKKER, 



MRAL, LTTKaAJiY AND FAMILY NBffSPAPKB. 



NEW YORK STATE FAIR. 



N ■'. connected with the Al I 



this State, ond we presume the some is true ol 

 and profitable, 



Judge Bloiiobtt, of Lewis, thought the 



been overlooked,— ihat was its prepat-atic 



up, made deep end fi iable, and then thefuM h 



Tound it difficult Io reinstate a g.md 1' (Mur- 

 ine Und bad been disturbed und robbed 

 virgin fertility. Avoided disturbing pas't 

 nmcb a* possib'e, but when it be>-arue necei 

 did the work thorough— uoderdrained, i 

 end enriched the soil, ond in ibis wi 

 pasture < 

 meadows 



porutcd tho manure with the soil, as far down 

 p alter i led. Sowed but little gra-s seed, for 

 •the soil was natural to grass, It would soon besot 

 as thick as necessary or profitable. After 

 mtodow was started right — with a nth, wtP-pr 

 paired soil— top dressing might answer, but iu 

 dreeing would Dot be o 1 much benefit to a po< 

 hadlyprepand mtndow. Manure Id of mu< 



that, when nppbed to a meadow giving two Hi 



rent — plowed 





<uld I 



I by I 



these, af.er the 

 labors of the day, judges mid superintendents, 

 exhibitors end spedaion, meot to compare views 

 and relate experiences belting on the subjects 

 presented to the con eid (ration of the meetings. 

 A f.-w years since, a score or no of persons was 

 ■ill unit could be induced to attend these discus- 

 sions, aeoerolly beld in tin- parlors of some hotel ; 

 now ala'ge hull will scarcely m-oimmodato those 

 who are anxious to be present. In this respect 

 there is n Gratifying improvement We notice, 

 ■Jin, an improvement in another respect, but not 

 an rapid and thorough os we could flaslre, Those 

 Who talk lu these uniting* are not always those 

 who pns-e-s the- most informal. oo, but tho-e who 

 feel cnoll'lent that they can express their ideas in 

 a proper and pleasing V/af. -Many a man, with 

 important fac's in bis possesion which would 

 perhaps overturn some false but plausible theory, 

 or account for contradictory statements which 

 term strange and [mean citable, bides his light 

 •ndil tk bushel, and deprives tbou-ands of the 

 benefit of biii knowledge, bee m-c ho lucks, or 

 imiigiocs he lacks, the ability to tell wont bell BO we. 

 Tbo discussions are, therefore, confined to few— 

 loft loo rnuob with the totter*, and not sufficiently 

 participated in by the thtatm aoduwfar*. The 

 plain, stubborn faoU nre what should bo brought 



a faculty for talking that they can make "the 

 wrong appear tbc better reason," should Dot be 

 permitted to take the lead in these farmers' meet- 

 ings. We snow of but one effectual remedy for 



it,.-, 



r the farmers 





. organize 



Kind 

 person 



assment would be felt, but all would freely 

 ; iliL'ir views us calmly as though sitting 

 r own firesides. A little practice of this 

 I be of great benefit; and those who 



. will I 



i thai ' 



r ttl,y v 



they know 



DC difficult* in telling what 

 re thousands, 

 Tne-e remarks are not designed to reflect on 

 any of the speakers at the meetings reported; 

 but we noticed a backwardness on the part of 

 i Many a roan 

 tarood to Oil neighbor during these discussions, 

 sjd Whispered , u bis car truths either confirma- 

 tory or contradictory of what was said. These 

 l been spread 



facts, thus kept t 



before the meeting, but for the 



attempting to correct. 





■} 



The. discussion on Thursday evening 

 cresting as that of the preceding, 



Society's largo Lcctui 

 * tbe suggest"" "' 

 of Ulster t 



saopttrL At the suggestion of Uon.T.C. Pet*bs 



^ » chair. The discussion on Manures, and the Bt 

 ] lam, waa resumed, though 

 Soiling, as on the preTious evening, occupied a 

 large share of attention. 



Sir. Luuirj), of Saratoga, wished, as much had 

 been said about spreading manure, and its evapo- 

 ration, to know the experience of farmers in 



pould hardly be perceived' if put on a meiidur. 

 iviug nne ton or less to the sere. 

 L. 1'. Allan said that in England land bad 



knolls, and any man would le thought a fool w 

 dis'urbed them. On the surface lucre is a tli 

 coatmg of decoyed leaves, and buds, ant branch, 

 just right for the roo<» of the grass, but turn i! 

 under, and the foil that comes in contact with t 

 roots is uncongenial. 



A', this stage of the meeting Mr. PETKrts ioti 

 doced lion. Jusiah Quincv, Jr., of Massacliu-et 

 of whom m.my present wished more parncul 

 infor hint ion in regard to bis syslet 



agon 



i IU H'. II 





-, >M,I, I 



nlk." Ton 





bdj e 



he feared 1; 



good evidence that he needed looking after. Mr 

 y. said he would endeavor to answer the questions 

 that bad been asked biro, und would give all other 

 information in his power. 



What it CAS SM AfatT.al for Soiling f Qmo, 

 oats, corn uud barley were all used. Begun with 

 grass, and continued Us use until about the 1st of 

 July. About the .Mh of Apiil sowed oats, four 

 bushels to the acre, und made another the 20th of 

 April, ond another the 1st of May. Tho oats 

 furnished food during the mouths of July and 

 August. After the Aral ol May planted Southern 

 corn in drills, and again tho 1st and 20th of June 

 This supplied food oiler the outs were gone, du 

 ring the months of September und October. Kelt 

 sowed barley, making several sowings about ten 

 days apsrt, until ibe 1st of August, and that gave 

 plenty of food until time to dig the roots, Mieu 

 the tops were fed. English writers thought that 

 seven cows could be kept by the soiling system 

 for one by the old plan. With Mr. Q an acre 

 would keep three or (our cows, the difference 

 depending upon the manuring. It is almost im- 

 possible for us to realize ibe value ascribed to 

 manures in England. Mr. Meiciii, at Tipton, 

 used all his manures in a liquid state, forced 

 through iron pipes by on engine. The crops pro- 

 duced by this system seemed incredibly large. 

 At the Willow Jiant Dairy, manure is applied 

 liquid by carts and casks. The crop is cut green 



The i 



and the makir 

 in all good far 

 greatly aduttei 

 eras the only a 



Muck was Of- 



:r u ps 



Bt be a main feature 

 tilicial manures were 

 s thought that milk 

 d not be adulterated. 



mount may be trebled. Mr. LJ 

 i Dr. Daka, endorsing the atate- 



urnlur trenches wei 



ure. loEoglo 

 filled with wal 



were again filled. 



In answer to a question in regard to the health 

 of his slock, Mr. Q said he had not had a sick 

 animal in a long time. They appeared quite 



or bo, morniog and afternoon, but they general!; 

 appeared glad to return to their quarters. Toe 

 <:ow don't need mncb exercise, lo the posture, 

 when feed is plenty, they eat what they need, nnd 

 then lie down carefully and comfortably uud die* 

 me cud. Just in the best season pustunng may 

 be us well, and perhaps give a little more milk, 

 but this only lasts for a few dnys— just iu the 

 (lush of grass. Mr. Q was much in favor of soil- 

 ing— liked it ; made it easy to keep u large amount 

 ol stock un a small farm— thus increasing the 

 fertility of the land and tbe numbers of taring 

 ■ n<i furm-rs. The farmers were tbe conservative 

 eleneot in tl is country. When we read of the 

 Jha.l Babbit* io New Yoilt and the riots in Balti- 

 more, we wpre apt to have some misgivings i 

 ■he stability of our iosinutions, forgetting 

 coaaeraatiM elomaot. "!■<.. ocean is of the t 



tempera'ure at all seasons, and modifies th 

 home and country — virtuous and patriotic pr 



nght and t 



Hi 





flUld : 



-if 1 



ibe lirst outbreak at Lexington, or Bos'on— anil 

 he replied ih it he first became convinced of this 

 tact when he taught school at Worcester and 

 learned tho sentiments of the farmers, io an- 

 swer to further inquiry, Mr. Q. suid, in a well- 

 arranged s'able it was very little trouble to tuke 

 care of stock in this minner. 



BAUTBOboiitw Gkdm:v, of Westchester, drew 

 ■oil manure in tbe spring, with all tbe juices; 

 then plowed under, for corn. Saves ull Hie liquid 



. tbe i 



It i 



Mr. Stew uit, of Erie, had practiced soitiflf for 

 hree years. One acre with this system is equal 

 ;o four tilled iu tbe old way, The extra manure 

 >ajB for ull extra labor, and tbo saving n fencei 

 is no small item. Adopting this system would 

 double any man's faim. Steaming food be bud 



s-eamed, and mixed with a little meal, be found 

 beiter than the best Timothy bay. One man can 

 •ake care of more than bftycows; had kept that 

 number, and it did not occupy all a man's time. 

 Considered that steaming and soiling was worth 

 more to biro this year tban ¥500. Raised a good 

 many carrots, and fed these until about tbaSOtfa 

 M y, or until clover was ready to cut. Fed with 

 ibis until corn was large enough to cut. Corn 

 comes the nearest to fresh grass in the manufac- 

 ture of butter. In winter fed roots largely, with 



und a pint of meal to each bushel of straw. 



lb.- i 



!,„■■! N. 



Gsonos Cl*iik, of O'srgo, was w.lbng to learn, 

 but wished to learn from those who knew more 

 tban himself of farming, and not from those who 

 live in cities and ride out iD their carriages two 



doing, and to furnish the money for him to work 

 with Was opposed to tbis high farming; it 

 would grow so large crops, nnd make produce so 

 plenty, as to bring down prices and min farmers. 

 In fact, should all go into Ibis system, there 



bops was very profitable iD Otsego county. Rather 

 small crops were raised, which sold at a bigb 

 price, and those engaged in tbe business made 

 money. But others went into raising bops, eaer- 

 cised a good deal of skill at the business, grew 

 large crops, and for the last seven jeara hops 





rug, and 





be wiih grain, cbcese, butter, Ac, if 



for raising large crops. It is belter to keep 



tho old way, only improving gradually as 



»s there was a demand for more produce. 



Tbis speech caused a good deal of merriment. 



Mr, Darling, of Cincinnati, wished to endorse 



bat had been said about steaming food for stock. 



Mr. Gh 

 gond rowi 



;o. Gbddrs of Onondaga County, asked i 

 to adopr. bis mode. Don't attach so mm 

 rtnoce io manure as tbe farmers of the vici 

 f the Hudson River. Yet followed a syste 



Mr. QoLllalllTB of Dutchess County said that it 



feed when pastures grow short, which pr 

 tbey found profitable, ond so they did to feed meal 

 largely. 



Mr. Conns of Tompkins wanted to knov 

 In m- rs could afford to haul maoure baK a rr 

 wbeu they can buy clover seed ot $fi a bushel, i 

 plaster for 10 or 1-2 cents a bu-hel. Clover s 



enced it rapidly spren 

 s Ited foiined upon t 



'. tbe gross, tbe prudent bi 

 indoubledly be tc 



policy wilt 

 belferi upon 



Day of Genesee County i 

 irgwilh clover, when bees 

 da great difliouliy in get 



Iter bow far, becauso if 

 s his laud be gets no profits 



Solos BofllJiaCW, hi 

 bad no deaira to qooi 



practical farmers not t 

 urged all present who 

 FurmerV-ClubmeeviD 

 offn neighborhoods, i 

 each other's expencn 

 learn whal are facts. 



t spoke, and at 10 o'clock 



EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE, 



;oizelhe eppearancc ol this parasite in their 

 i or gross, and that tbe result of its use Is 

 apparent upon the animals to which it has 

 given in Hieir fodder. Tne stock-producing 

 est of tbe country has grown to tuch mogni- 



i] boa bee ■■ BO intimately ennnected, tHa' 



nfoitnution calculated to promote the healib 



readers will cheerfully acknowlt 

 of mokiug the follo»mg extract 

 Affrieultttnl 







mco of ergot on many varieties of 

 grass, bas been proved beyond all doubt, and in 



lite manner we have strong evidence of its influ- 

 ence upon breeding cattle. Two conditions appear 

 necessary for iis -production : first, the formation 

 of tbe seed j and secondly, that peculiar condition 

 of climate which predisposes tbe seed to favor the 

 development of tbe cgot. 



sofoi 



■mlon 



ally , 



evidence of tbis di-cu'e, hut it is only when it ii 



fortunately much of iho grass land in tbemoisl 

 climate of the West is too frequently the cause of 

 <g the abortion of th« 



i fed i 



The i 



,l,,1 Will, 











is so casual as to be of little import. 

 ind which bas been grazed dnring tbe sum 

 a that upon which the ergotired grass Is 

 foond to exist most abundantly, because the stock 

 ing avoided the seed stems, these have becD 

 bled to fulfill ibeir special functions and pro- 

 's seed which bas subsequently become dis- 

 eased. It is clear that if prevention is the object 

 aimed at, this will be best attained by keep- 

 ireeding stock from laud thus bearing a 

 diseased produce. This may be accomplished on 

 sjonty of farms by removing the breeding 

 and heifers from their summer pasturage, 

 say in July, and keaplBg them afterwards upon 

 land which hod been mown that season. The 

 ral of the stock should not be delayed until 

 ase of abortion bas positively occurred, 



where the climate 



from being dry, does not render 









us tracts of land where the 



moisture of the cl 



male acts upon the grass seeds, 



and favors the , 



roirth ot ergotlsed gross, and 



locfa land is note 



d for-lho difficulty experienced 



in keeping tbe e 



ock io proper breeding order. 



Tbe age of tbe fo 



tus appears to be a matter ot 



small importance 



for it vanes from two months 



when 





i others, and this is doubtless 

 Heir bealtb and vigor; and tbua 

 well bred, i, t, neatly telutcd, 

 j injury iu ibia way if 



i breeding wo improve tb 



"This explains how the best bted cows and 



era will often throw their calves, nbilst some 



common slock about which tbe breeder is indiffer- 

 ent, will frequently escape, although their treat- 

 ment aud food may be similar, and each may have 

 partaken of Ibis ergotised gtass. Kuowing as we 

 do the action of this disea-ed form of grass seed, 

 n becomes highly important tbat we should avoid 

 a cause so prolific of trouble aud Ions to many of 

 our best breeders. Tbe preventive treatment is 

 simple and readily ( 



ring 1 



, this 



overlooked cause of abortion, it may help our 



d is appoint me uts which we regret to know have 



In 00 ic'ion with Ibe foregoing wo givo un 



illustration of Hie tipt>eurauco ol June grass when 

 this poison is prevalent. Our engraving repre- 

 sents a head of the Poa pratmtU, natural size, 

 infected with ergot: 1, spikclets in tbe natural 

 ooodition , 2, ., 2, j, ergotised sptketets. Tbusit 

 is seen that tbe ergotised grains protrude beyond 

 the chaff, or glumes; 3 is the ergot magnified, 



!,.!,,! 1 



■ glu 





are also partially covered with a white, fibrous, 

 eotton-like substance, doubtless funguid, ihatdoes 

 not appear ot the base of a healthy seed; 4, the 



Hie cottony substance ultuched. 



Sqbrp Brekoixg in UfiEAT BairJ.iK.-Al the 

 recent sale of Mr. Habjmkq'b Sauth-Downo, Mr. 

 7lATlM.ll gave Ibe following facts and figuies 

 relative to the breeding of sheep in the t'oited 

 Kingdom, and their influence upon tbe manufac- 

 turing and pecuniary interests of the country : — 

 "There arc few persons, perhaps, aware of the 

 circumstance tbal this is a branch, looking at it 

 relatively, toi.kmg at it positively, winch is of 



tbe authority of one of the most able writers we 

 have met with in this country, Mr. Macqueen, that 

 i',,. r,- i"- i'"i || ""- Hum ■i.i.iiuiMn.M.i head of sheep 

 In the Doited Kingdom. Just fancy the import- 

 tonol point ol view of carrying to the 

 highest possible point of perfection tbe improve- 

 ment of these 43,000,000 of sheep, yielding us 

 700,000 lbs. of wool. And remember again, geo 

 tlemcn, for it appears almost incredible, that the 

 capital invested in this stock amouo 1 

 "5, according to Mr. Mac-jncen. Permit me also 

 stole that tho value of the wool grown in this 

 ■untry, leaving out fractions, is not less than 

 £1-1,000,000 per annum. Permit me further to 

 that the importation of foreign wool does 



of the £18,000,000 sterling worth of wool used by 

 lis country, which employs no lessthao l,8SQ,000 

 lanufacturers and operatives, the large propor- 



