"35^3^^^ 



oEiij 



MOOSE'S &TO&L HEW-YOHEER. 



f £H,< 



wo nli i 



mplor 



oltunsts, tb as affording mcons for tl 

 nent of lab or tue investment of capital, an 

 ncreate. • of t jj 6 wea lth of ihb oouniry. 

 B * to ' 8BT lbBt wo are deeply iadcbled 1 

 becr > bleeders of England, and to ll'Cm i 

 v * r J honor fortbus adding to the common v 

 **' ae United Kingdom. Well tben, genii 

 '* ,u bave in thiit class such Dames as tbe D 

 .lichroond, Mr. Jonas Webb, Mr. R.gder. 

 excellent friend Mr. Harding, tied our honorable 

 friend on my loft, who bos lately come with all hii 

 honore blushing about him,— Mr. Wood. When 

 again, I look at the Vice President, whose shelf ii 

 not wide enough for the number of cups be hai 

 won, I ask permission, honestly and conscien 

 tiousty, to say that I do belie™ such men are no 1 

 merely entitled to the passing 





titled t 



s that old Dorset can offer, but I do believe 

 night to be considered as benefactors to their 



"IT IS THE GOOD CEOP THAT PAYS" 



The above rcmatk, once overheard from a prac- 

 tical farmer, may souud like a bald truism to some, 

 bni it contains, on the contrary, a great and im- 

 portant truth, often denied even in theory, and 

 still more generally ignored in practice. Thi 

 is this:— Tbe increased expense necessary i 

 sure a good crop, is always, when judiciously 

 applied, mora than repaid by the increased vol 

 of the crop and land. For instance, in a crop of 

 corn, tbe increased cost in time and money i 

 sary to produce one hundred bushels per 

 instead of fifty, bears small proportion to tl 

 creased value of tbo crop, besides the impossi 

 of leaving the ground in as good condition 

 the poor crop as after the good one. The in 

 opou tbe value of the land— plowing, planting, 

 Ac.,— are oil the same, or nearly the same, i 

 the acre yielding fifty bushels as upon the 

 yielding one hundred, and these are the alt 

 heavy items in tbe expense. A good coating of 

 manure (which, however, benefits tbe land more 

 than the first crop,) and a little extra attention 

 during tbe summer, constitute the principal extra 

 expense, with the exception of increased harvest- 

 ing, at which, however.no farmer would grumble- 

 And jet nothing is more common than to hear 

 farmers saying they cannot afford to make some 

 needed improvement because they cannot spare 

 the money, even when they admit it will repay 

 twenty to thirty per cent, interest on investment. 

 (That is a kind of logic you never heard from any 

 but farmers. Any other class of men would hire 

 money to invest at such profit.) Even in regard to 

 draining — the greatest bugbear of all, because 



e of far 





more certain tb no if farmers can not afford to drain, 

 they certainly cannot afford to farm at all. On 

 two-thirds of our land nnderdrains will pay fifty 

 per cent, on cost, and often with a wheat crop 

 nearly or quite paying for their construction in 

 one year. Besides, they are a jttrrrum&nt invest- 

 ment, and after paying for their cost, as they will 

 in a year or two, all increased gains from their 

 construction are clear profit. 



It may well bo doubted, whether, with the high 

 price of lands in Western New York, farming is a 

 paying business — tbe interest alone of tbe value 

 of a farm of one hundred acres, worth sixty-five 

 dollars per acre, boingnearly five hundred dollars, 

 besides the cost of working farm, stock, tools, Ac. 

 But if farming cau be made profitable, it must be 

 thorough farmiug. Every acre must be kept in 

 good condition, tor the interest on the land is 

 accumulating as fast under poor management as 

 under good. And this will cost far leas than is 

 generally supposed. There are thousands of farms 



where the expenditure of five hundred or a thou- 

 sand dollars in draining and manuring would 

 double the value of produce to be told from the 

 farm, and without causing any extra expense in 

 production after the first outlay. Thus, the farmer 

 would get the same interest from five or ten hun- 

 dred dollars invested in improvements that he 

 gets from five to eight thousand invested in land. 

 lake money with the improvements. 



ainly c 



without them. 



.Fow 



■ . r . ■ ■ ■ « isarj] 



THE QUEEN BEE. 



Eds. Bubal Nbw-Yobkbb. :— To solve the reason 

 why eggs laid by the same queen should produce, 

 respectively, queens, workers and drones, has been 

 one of the greatest puzzles to bee-keepcra. Tbe 

 theory of DziEiao.-* is, that to produce drones, 

 coition of the queen with the 

 while the semen of the dror 

 development of the more highly organized work 

 ers and queens, and Prof. Liebold bas shown thai 

 this peculiarity is common with various kinds o 

 insects. Dr. Dundaff, of Germany, artificially 

 impregnated some drone eggs, causing tbcm u 

 produce workers, thus showing that the semen o 

 the 'Irone will bear exposure to the open air with 

 out destroying its vitality. In a letter receive* 

 from Mr. Qpihuv, (who has the largest apiary ii 

 the United State?, I I find that he has succeeded n 

 producing a queen in a colony that had none, be 

 fore drones made their appearance, by givinj 

 them eggs, or young larvie. This shows that i 

 impregnation is necessary, it must have been 

 done by the workers, from semen deposited by 

 drones in the summer or fall before. And i 

 probably a wise provision of Providence that 

 drones should deposit their semen in cells before 

 ""royed, in order to raise young queen t 

 ce in tbe spring, 



before drones make their appeal 



ciden- 



eoldo 



,!! 



This deposit of 

 or pollen, bas induced observers" to "suppose" ti 

 qu Mn bees were produced by being fed a pecul 

 kind Of food, called royal j eUy> wtlich ia u obaurd 

 as that a highly cultivated piece of ground woul 

 produce a crop without any seed. Almost a 

 low agreed that tbe oviari. 

 e filled with eggs that will produ< 

 it that impregnation is essential I 

 of workers. My own opicion 

 I further impregnation of the egg, ft fl, 



it is laid, is necessary to produce a queen. Thts 

 is certainly as rational as iho authenticated fact 

 that a drono egg, by impregnation, will produce a 

 worker. The bees have certainly power, from 

 their brood comb, to«p reduce workers, drones, or 

 queens, as may be necessary to the existence of 

 the swarm and I see no other way in which they 

 can make such changes, and regulate tbe charac- 

 ter of the new colony, except br artificially im- 



To^suppose that tbey can effect these great 

 changes .n any other way, is to impeach tbe wis- 

 lom or Him who reserved in the Ark alt the 

 ranous kindB or animals and insects, nod Jlis 

 ,-eracily in declaring that such should produce 

 after its kind. K - 



EXPEBIENCE IN HEDGE GROWING. 



Ens. Soul. Niw-Yohkbji:— Shoxud the follow- 

 ing bo worthy an insertion in your paper, please 

 publish it for the benefit of those whom it may 

 concern. A mite of practical knowledge, though 

 often dearly bought, is of more worth than a vol- 

 ume of theorizing. In tbo absence or scarcity of 



fencing, resort has been had to various expet 

 to supply the deficiency. Patent metallic 

 movable board fences have been presented, 

 of which are either too expensive or flimsy to 

 rant general introduction. Tbo Hedge, too, bas 

 bad its advocates. Who, that is a lover of Natu 

 and has Been a full-grown hedge, properly tn 

 mod, has not admired it, especially when occu 

 ing a posilion contiguous to one's house. 



Though owning a cedar lot, I was induced, i 

 years ago last spring, to have an Osage Orange 

 Hedge, set about my yard and fruit garden, (i 

 rods in all.) Directions as to cultivation 

 trimming were fully followed. Tbe bedge , 

 luxuriantly, and gave promise of an early 

 well matured fence, sending forth shoots of 

 feet growth in one season, as the sod in which they 

 were set was a warm, gravelly loam, but eucb 

 succeeding spring exhibited naught of my hopefu 

 bedge but a mass of lifeless twigs, to within one 

 foot of tbe ground. My only hope was in acclt 

 mation, but the last spring found my hedge in i 

 more hopeless condition loan any preceding one 

 So that I am fully prepared to say that the culli 

 vation of tbe Osage Orange in this latitude, as r 

 hedge, is a hoax. Still desiring an ornamenta 1 

 hedge fence, will you, or some of your correspoo 



of tbe English Hawthorn, give their experience 

 with that plant, the time and metbod of setting 

 and alter cultivation ? Should it be set in single 

 or alternate rows * ffu. B. Rice. 



Elbrldge, N. Y..1B59. 



ABOUT EOUGHTON WHEAT. 



Eds. Ritual NBw-YoriKBB :— In your paper of 

 Oct. 10th, I noticed an article in reference to 

 Bougbton wheat — you having received a sample 

 Mr. Wm. R. Dubybb, of Nundo, Livingston 

 Co., and staling ibathus weighed 65 lb>. per bushel. 

 Also a communication from Mr John Holiibs, of 

 Burnt Hills, Saratoga Co., giving bis experience 

 with Bougbton's wheat, and stating tbat hie 

 weighed 64)<J lbs. per bushel. Now, Mr. Editor, 

 I will give you my experience with the same kiod 

 of wheat. I obtained one bushel fiom Baltimore, 

 and had it sown the 7th of September. It got a 

 ice growth before tbe inclement weather set 

 d was not injured in tbe least bytbefrosis 

 iter, but tbe Irost of June 6th injured it very 

 , as it was just in the milk. I obtained only 

 i bushels and three pecks. After reading the 

 :s alluded to, I thought I would weigh some 

 le, as I had some left, and it weighed GG lbs. 

 itishel. I tlniiK. Mr. Editor, that the little 

 of Gates can send friendly greetings to her 

 towns, and challenge tbem to produce 

 er wheat. It is not quite as while as the 

 Route's, but ripens much earlier — I had mine cut 

 tbe Gthof July. It is far superior, in my judgmeot, 

 to tbe Dayton wheat,— and would not be surprised 

 bould become the favorite wheat of Western 

 York. H. What, 



m, Monroe Co.. M. Y., Oct,, 1869. 



SENECA COUNTY FAIR. 



Our three days' Fair closed last week. Some 

 $1,.' 00 was taken at the gates, including tbe amount 

 received for show privileges, terraced seats, Ac— 

 Had it not rained all tbe morning of tho last doy, 

 when the trotting was to come off, the receipts 

 would have been larger. 



The show of Equines, Bovines, Sheep, Pigs, and 

 Poultry, was creditable to this very fertile and all 

 arable little county ; and floral Hall, if not in full 

 bloom, contained, nevertheless, a goodly show of 

 substantial vegetable productions, as well as those 

 of the dairy, workshop, Ac.,— not forgetting tbu 

 line paintings, pictures, embroidery, <to , and the 

 merry toned rnelodeon, a pretty specimen of which 

 was constantly under thi' lair UDgers of some one 

 of the bewitching rural fair ones, doing execution 

 that constantly encircled her with an admiring 

 host — including, of course, more than one admir- 

 ing, if not mystified awain r But tbat which in- 



., Rea| 



country's astounding progress in met lumeul 

 dustry, was the show of improved fil 

 ers, Straw Cutters, and other farm 

 and the large and varied handicraft 

 of newly-invented domestic articles, powerful 

 unique forcing pumps, Ac, Ac, fresh from 

 workshops of that growing little Birmingbat 

 our county, Seneca Falls? There was also or. 





man, A. Latoimiktte's improved n 

 moulded and turned out from two 

 teen inch tile, according to size, at e 

 One great inducement for a gem 

 the Fair, was tho generous pnvil. 

 Joseph Wniaiir, the proprietor of 

 every former and family to drive i 

 whole twenty acres. It was sad t 



the fi 



sward was cut up by wheels and 

 iofs into an unctuous MMtii- vegetable compound 

 The Plowing Match, on the second day, witl 

 ■ret; plows, came off on a itoneless meadow of 



clay loam. The work was beautifully done, and 

 tbe best execution was with the plow of Hbwcoiid 

 A Ricuakdsok, Iron Founders here; yet strange 

 to say, except the judges, there was but one far- 

 mer present to see the work done I It would seem 

 of late that farmers go to an Agricultural Fair to 

 enjoy, rather thau to learn. When th«y drop tbe 

 plow bandies at home, ihey go to the Futr to for- 

 got the plow, and lo patronize the raree uhows cx- 

 bibited — to see the trotting, and the esthetic! 

 generally— while those who have animals or other 

 products on show, are stimulated by premiums 

 hoped for, and if disappointed, they enjoy the 

 privilege of censuring the poor judges. "Thank 

 God," said one of the premiamless, " they are no 

 jud E es." s. w. 



FARMERS' CLUB FAIR AT LITTLE FALLS. 



Tub Farmers' Club at Little Falls, Herkimer Co., 

 held a Fair on the llib and lath of October. Al- 

 though this Club is of but two or three years 

 standing, the exhibition redounds to tbe praise 

 of directly concerned. There was an excellent 

 display of Vegetables, not inferior to thoso in maoy 

 of our best County Fairs. Tho exhibition of Fruit 



loaded the shelves, and pears ood grapes of several 

 varieties made tbe show of fruit magnificent. Tbo 

 needle work, fancy articles, Ac, (very maoy of 

 tbem beautiful in design and exquisite in comple- 

 tion,) could not easily be excelled. The show of 



IbeClub. Offarmmgandmechanical implement 

 there was an om pie display ; and, to digress, wbi; 

 looking at the mowers and reapers, my min 



ned I 



the waving grain, the heavy stroke of tbe flail 

 threshed, and tbe plodding team drew it to the 

 distant market. How did folks live without reap- 

 ers, threshers and locomotives — or, to oxpress it 

 concisely, without machinery. 



Dunog the forenoon of tho last day of tbe Fair, 

 a poem, witty aod logical, was read by Mr. Bokgay, 

 of tbe Central Independent, ond in the afternoon 

 an address by Jufge G haves, of Herkimer. 



Tbe Fair was doubtless a success, aod may the 

 like bappy results ever crown Farmers' Clubs,— 

 for tbey, like tbe capilli 



Or-u 



,!->,[ 



. I. IV b 



agiicultural enterpiise to tbe heart, and where the 

 arteries, tbe larger organs do not permeate. Tbe 

 Stale aod County Societies do not form tbat mico- 

 scopic net-work essential to tbe proper nutriment 

 of the whole agricultural system. There must a 

 more complete circulation commence where those 

 arteries terminate, to effectually nourish every 

 tissue of the body, and Farmers' Clubs are the 

 capillaries that pei form that function— that secrete 

 and convert tbe nutneot materials of the husband- 

 man's enterprise into " bone and musclo," — thus 

 making tbe system of Agriculture athletic and 



CRAWFORD COUNTY (Pa,) FAIR. 



Ens. IlnaAL New-Yobkbr:— Allow one of your 

 constant readers a short space to speak of the 

 County Fair held at Ccneautville, Pa., on tbe 5th, 

 6tb ond 7th of October. Tbe June frost «as par- 

 ticularly damaging in this section of country, and 

 the idea pretty generally prevailed tbat Agricultu- 

 ral Exhibitions would prove slim affairs this fall. 

 Indeed, out of a dozen such in the adjacent 

 couutry, held in the month of September, several 

 proved entire failures, and not one came up to 

 their usual standard, either in variety, quality or 

 quantity of articles exhibited, or number nTpeop'e 

 in attendance. But tbe Crawford County Fair was 

 a decided success; indeed it was ihei<\<( exhibition 

 of the kind ever held in Western Pennsylvania, or 

 Northern Ohio. There were 1,500 entries for pre- 

 miums, and some 500 for exhibition. Over 1,000 



i full 



frequently witnessed at State Fairs. Every de- 

 partment was full, including the best lot of Uram 

 and Vegetables I ever witnessed. 



Tuo farmers and citizens of Crawford county 

 have long been celebrated for their energy and 

 thrill, but this last demonstration has added more 

 than all others to their deserved fame, and if we 



liatako 



> of lot 





.le ivi-uUlion-, promptness in c-ii- 

 ; officers who know their duty, aud 



nmuni'y. If you or your readers 



i m the sober land of Pb 



SORGHUM AND OTHER MATTERS. 



Ens. Rubal Nbw-Yobbbb: — As the molasses 

 siibjei.'l is ugaio being discussed to some extent. ] 

 will give you, and your readers, an idea of wbai 

 we are doing in Central Iowa, in tbe niaoufactur 

 ing of molasses. A great many who tried it ic 

 18.i8, became disgusted, and did not plant any cant 

 in 1851), but, notwithstanding, the army of experi- 

 menters is greatly increased, and it is now appa- 

 rent to a'l that with a fair season here, Central 

 Iowa will prodor,- „,oie H"" sullu^-nt l-n l.utiu- 



B'ghbi 



Tbe 



Wo 



nufaciureof the sorghum. The greatest dim" 

 ia in the seed, it beiDg easily mixed, oo< 

 have lost the whole crop I had a fen seec 

 e ImjJuc or African Sogar Cane, aod alibo 

 Hauied, and not fully matured yet, I got i 

 er yield from u that) the borghutn, and ihi 



adipose vessels of the sy 

 milk gathering or lactiferous 



We may be wrong in our theory in this last 

 assertion, hut we will endeavor to give oar rea«on3 

 for it as plainly as we can. There is in the human 

 system, and indeed in all the mammalia or milk 

 giving animals, two sets of vessels. The office of 

 oue set is to secret* and gather fat. The office of 

 the other is to secrete and gather milk. Now the 

 scion of each of these organs is entirely and es- 

 sentially opposite to the other. They may act 

 together in a moderate degree — thus, on animal, a 

 cow for instance, may he moderately fat and at the 

 same time give a moderate quantity of milk, but if 

 you push the action of one set of vessels to the 

 extreme, you diminish proportionally the action 

 of tbe other. You cannot get your cow extremely 

 fat, and at the same time have her a great milker. 

 Oo the other hand, you cannot have a great milkef 



lod I 







Hundreds of examples may be cited whero great 

 milkers, when made excessively fut, have b 

 ruined as milkers. Tho lomons Oakes cow i 

 case in point. After becoming celebrated a 

 dairy cow, she passed into new bands, where 

 was fed liberally with meal. She became fat, and 

 was nothing extra niter that for the dairy. 

 Our formers are now wide awake for large, fat 

 msas if they had imbibed tl 



lief. I 



coarse beef in one hide is tho 'chief end of man.' 

 Tbis was manifested by the array of large, stately 

 calves at the show. How lhe3e calves were brought 

 up to the point of fat aod stature was also abuud- 

 aolly evident. Scarcely one of them came upon 

 the ground without hnvioga wet nurM by its 

 in tbe form of a meek old cow — not its mother, but 

 some one that would give a good supply of 

 to the young giant, at the expense of her 

 thrifty appearance. 



Now, according to our theory, thoso calves 

 never become good milking stock. Why? Because 



from their very birth 



he fat gathering o 



r adipose 



organs have been set 









lactiferous system 



and tbey 



will always keep the 



ascendency. But 







the milk- gather in 



g organs 



of a calf? We answe 





g tho fat- 



gathering organs. The leaner or poore 



you can 



keepacalf.and at the 



ame time keep it in 



a thrifty, 



lilr. .T 



ritl it becc 



Understand us fairly in tbis position. We do m 

 contend tbat poor keeping of calves will inevitob 

 make great milkers of them, but it will have 

 tendency to make better milkers than if kepte: 

 ccssively fat. For instance: you may take tw 

 heifer calves— twins, if you please— put one 

 tbem into liberal feed, and keep it fat all the tin 

 until it is mature. Put the other into moderate 

 feed, where it shall grow moderately well untU 

 mature, but not fat, and this last will make 

 better milker than the first. We could i 

 numerable instances to prove this. We could tell 

 some experiments of our own in proof of this, 

 The complaint that the Durhams and the Devons 

 have lost their former good milking properties, 

 arises from the over-feeding of their progeny. 

 Select from each breed those that have good milk- 

 iug points, and breed them on the moderate pros 

 sure principle, and you will again get good milkers 



A Profitablb Flock of Sitbep.— Mr. Thomas 

 J. Marvel, of Dover, Md„ furnishes WUM Bpirii 

 of the Timu a statement of his gains from a small 

 Hock of sheep, the lost spring and autumn. In the 

 sprmg his Hock consisted of 22 ewes and 2 weatb 

 ers. Tbe increase was 21 lambs, S of which be 

 sold for $.iT 60, and 7 for s}20. He has left 

 lambs, for which he has been offered $45, aod oi 

 buck lamb, fur which he bas beeu offered $,">, I 

 also sold from the same flock $30 worth of woe 

 making altogether $143 CO. Who can bent it? 



Fattbnino Swinb — A New Ic-ba.— A lot of 

 1,600 hogs arrived at Urbana, III., !«** week 

 roilroad, all tho way from Pennsyl 

 purpose of being fattened. They w 

 tbe farmers of the vicinity for $3 per 

 are to bo taken bock fattened at the same rate. 

 We hear that other lots are on the way. Seven- 

 teen car loads were put off at Dudley, sod lot out 

 to the farmers in the some manner. 



CHASnisn Sbbo.— A writer in the S$V> England 

 Farmer says the yield of bis potato crop is increas- 

 ed from fifty to one hundred per cent, by procuring 

 seed potatoes which on an entirely different soil, 

 fifteen or twenty miles apart. And this plan of 

 changing seed is a good one, and should be 

 bored by all practical cultivators. 



, I.»r tbo 



<d,lLI>d 



SrEH 



I'uwtolta 



Id U>» 



.1 Id |. r 



r:°vzz'"^£ 



,i or ito pi. 



. Tha 



Judge FaEKcn on Drab 



— Wo highly opprovt 



bo brought lo ■ 



ward properly deciding t 



nd Ibot Kentucky hospitality Is fully equal 

 rcdiled lo "Old Virginia" and Ibc Bouthcro 

 enerally. A gentleman attending the Agrl 



gerp, In order that ihey 

 9 compelled to aocept or 



e craw, disposing 



i excellent appet 

 c social hospital! 



lightened by the spirit o 



( Tdscakt.— A correspondent c 



I women and girls, cutting, or I 

 ed only by a rough stick. Tare 



:rni> I. 



I 'psi 



til] i, 



ebes, we upaln enjoin opon farmers the 

 -gelr ia saving feed, and the Judicious I 

 by experiment, lu KiiRland. that she 



<mll) 



. upward of 5u of Hie pure breed*, 



OnLtAHs Count* Ao. Society.— At 



n u - of this Boclety, held ai Albion on 



au Nobtii Ao. Sootffl 

 organized in Douglas Co., 

 Agricullural Society," and 

 pound for the best, and fifty c 



Is a highly 

 lal, tsjs he 



20 per cent higher 



^^32£2^ 



