TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 



'PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FOUR CENTS. 



VOL X. XO. 49.1 



ROCHESTER N. Y.-FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1859. 



I WHOLE NO. 517. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



EUUAL, LITBEAEY AXD riffllY NTWSPATE& 



CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 

 With in ibis Corps ot Assistant* and Contributor!. 



BHHISBituidLE ---> 



THE GEEAT CROPS OF THE C0ONIRY. 



The Census Returns reveal Strang-: ut..i pot- 

 tant facte, and we occasionally loot over Iheee 

 large volumes of apparent!? dry 

 intereat and profit They 



irbieb at first we can hardly credit, 

 bot which moil tra so, for fi L -tircs tu.ll tbe truth. 

 Slioold we ask which are tlie three p 

 of the country, the answer in most cases would 

 unhesitatingly be, wheal, corn sod Bolton, lid 

 > t t figures thow the hay crop to be more impor- 

 tant than either wheat or cotton. The prod i of 

 corn at tbe time the last census was 



iiitup'rt DMt.bel 

 The nay crop is slated »t 

 i . 

 B0O, The wheat raised was 100,081,968 bnshald, 

 which at th? cs'imutc price oT $1 per bushel 

 would give the same number of dollars. Ohio 

 is the greatest producer of corn, hut Kentucky, 

 [Wools, Indiana and Tennessee are nearly equal. 

 Sew Yurk, Pennsylvania und Ohio are the great- 

 Mi producers of hay. New York, Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio, Virginia, Illinois aud Indiana are first on 

 tbe list aa producers of wheat. 



Fourth in order, we have tbe cotton, of which 

 3*446,770 bales are reported, which at $30 per bale 

 ■ value of $73,1 



bushola worth, i 



(leorgin and Mis 

 lc« in'.- in order, 

 each produce roor 

 Illinois and Virg 

 produce! nearly 



its, sr.v.Mi.s 



i exclusively in the South 



ing the greatest producer, 



isippi and South Carolina 



■ York and Pennsjlvi 





o <;.i 



any potatoes as any ott 

 nd Georgia and Pennsylvania ue 



Wo have now given the statement, furnished 

 by the Census, of the products of our six largest 

 crops and their estimated value. The sugar crop 

 ll Car lc -it than ire supposed, ("ing only six 

 millions. We have ofleu fell disposed to qu; 

 with these figures, considering that sugar 

 ceuied to be a luxury, aud is now a necessity iu 

 almost every fumily, but, of Donne, thin u 

 not prepared to do, and must wait patiently fur 

 the next Census. Tbe tobacco crop exceeds thut 

 of sugar by more than three millions of dollars. 

 TobacflO to the value of about a million and a hall 

 is groWQ Id Northern States. Sugar to the value 

 of twenty to forty millions is an Dually imported 



lint, in all the curious facta *howo by figures, 



products of the great crops per acre 

 as shown by tbe following table; 





V SYSTEM OF 



IN1NG TEB VINE. 



Tbo.e shoots fastened 

 towards the tops to tbe 

 (1) ore called the courses 



properly loaded with fruit, but represented 

 the post and tbe fifth fu 

 The fourth and eighth for" the 

 description of this system of pruning and 



growing Indian corn; and the farmers 

 producing 170 

 ishels of potatoes to the acre, and those of 

 ■cfcy New Hampshire Over 800, while we of New 

 ork obtain only 100, and Pennsylvania only 75 

 bushels, wbile Texas carries oil' tbe palm, and 



tops | 



This differ 



nted for by soil or climate. There 

 must be difference in the men, in the system of 

 cultivation ; for in some ea«es where nature Beems 

 to be tbe most propitious, the product is tbe least. 

 We leave these figures, without further remark, 

 to the contemplation of our friends, hoping that 

 all will feel a noble pride iu having their State 

 give a report of wbicb they will have no reason 

 to be ashamed, when the. next Census shall be 

 taken, in 1810. 



JOHN JOHNSTON ON WINTERING SHEEP. 



Ma, Juil.vkton says in the Rural of Nov. 5th, 

 " If every farmer would feed'eacb of his sheep one 

 " bushel of corn, or 00 pounds of outs, buckwheat 

 " or barley, (whichever he found cheapest) during 

 "winter, with good straw, even, for fodder, they 

 " would pay bim better for the grain, by far, than 

 " il he were to curry it to market and sell it for 

 "cash. Hut if he would feed each sheep W pounds 

 "ofcoru, or other grain, they would stilt pay him 

 "belter lor the grain— they would yield him 

 "double the wool to what they did when he fed 

 "no grain— they would raise bim double the 

 " number, and much better lambs." 



That assurance was given abnut , 

 when experience has taught mankind that a cer- 

 tain tinge of vagueness and uncertainty attaches 



.LtlY, 





I ha- 



Mm in 



j be adopted a 



sheared 

 brought from one to t 



" u0 pounds of corn 



make them shear ticrict pounds of wool, each, and 



raise from two to lour lambs apiece? I endorse 



most heartily the opinion that frequently it will 



pay to feed sheep HO pounds, and even HO pounds, 



of grain each during the wii 



opinion that no vnitersal rule 



to tbe amount of grain which it is expedient to 



An abundance of good, sweet, nutritious grass 

 will put sheep in good order in the summer time, 

 can will keep 

 well-formed, hearty, middle-aged sheep in good 

 condition through the winter. I have seen sheep 

 wintered on bay alone (with plenty of water) that 

 were as fat as it is profitable, in my judgment, lo 

 have sheep. I believe there is such a thing as 

 breeding animals too fat. My father was in the 

 habit of selecting choice portions of white clover, 

 red clover, and fine upland timothy, which he cut 



early and cured carefully for his sheep. He fed 

 rather abundantly, and made the big colts and 

 steers cat the "oris" or leavings; he claimed thut 

 he could keep his sheep in good order in this way, 

 and hi did it. It was not uncommon for his half 

 blood Meriuo wethers to have tweuty-tivc pounds 

 tallow the full after they were three years old, 

 fattened, on grass. He insisted that " good pas- 

 tures are indispensable to good farming"— that 

 whoever neglected to get their stock in good 



hay ; but, iu general, if slock is poor in the fall, 

 particularly sheep, il requires grain to keep them 

 along and make any improvement. I admit— I 

 assert— I insist— noy, / in#UL with tinpkn*m, thut 

 dock of any kind y-r//.-. btttu- if k-pt will than if 

 kept poor; but there is one thing which Mr. 



N aMd n 





tion above referred to, which should never be 

 lost sight of:— Every art and , .-, nj :■,■;. its, shout J 

 I" tahanuttd in getting animals up iu good con- 

 Mr. Page, of Wyoming, drives fat horses— Mr. 

 Page docs not feed grain— Mr. Page considers 

 horses that eat a good deal of grain, on tbe high- 

 forced and artiBciol life, viz ;— a holf bushel of 

 oats per day ; he puts tbe horse aforesaid on grass 

 (Qrabam) diet; the horse grows poor — ("you 

 thought he would ?" you oiiserublu : >— 

 month* he grows fat, and Mr. Page, in hli quiet 

 way, will explain to you that you can do a good 

 fair day's work every day with your teao, and feed 

 no gram, if you will he right cud rtgtilar in your 

 management, aud so add five to ten years to their 



, Cob: 



tCo. 



You buy a buck of Messrs. Bi 

 ofVt.; you have prudent notions; you feed him 

 only two quarts of grain per day. Firstly, he 

 grows poor. Secondly, he dies. 



I am bad in that department, but I believe 

 Naturalists do not put our farm stock generally 

 i u to the class of </ro"i' '•row animals, (feeding on 



(living on gross.) 1 don't care a snap for the 

 natural- s — what did I call them T— any way, I 

 kuow, and every body may know, that the tAtep 

 and goatt that for ages climbed the rugged hill- 

 sides, the bulls and bitcnu that roam the western 

 wilds or the eastern plains, the horses of the desert 

 or the prairie, must through long centuries huve 

 descended from ancestors that had no regular 

 supplies of grain to draw upon, and from the neces- 

 sities of the case their eoustitutiocs, their habits, 

 their eery nature* m^t have been formtd from and 

 adapted to the bebiuiae they tired upon. We inno- 

 vate at our penl. The best anybody can do is to 

 look and learn. Observe the order of Nature. If 

 young animals of any kind can be made to grow on 



grass and hay, with the 

 the addition of applcB, 

 grain, it seems better for their subsequent health 

 and longevity than if they are early accuston 

 the " stimulus" of grain. It often, very 

 happens, that stock is left through neglect, io tbe 

 hurrying season of hayinj 

 pastures so short that they go back irreparably, 

 and the same thing or worse is suffered to occu 

 when animals remaiu in fields covered with frosl 

 and early snows, but utterly •ti-ipp-dof reqtUitiou 

 just before "foddering begins." In this way they 

 frequently go back in three weeks more than they 

 can be made to gain in six weeks by tbe largest 

 amount of grain thut could 

 Tbe moral of all this is, that stock should be kept 

 up, without gralnif you ean, ».<•<!< grain f ,/,■•, 



It is proper that I should add. that wbateve 



objections may be made to feeding store animals 

 and particularly young animals, largely ou grain 

 the objection, docs not apply to stock intended to 

 slaughter within a year. Sheep i 



T ed t 





and belter meat il iluy are liberally fed ■ 

 the coming winter, and very likely they may b 

 sold in uii ■nrhj market, where they will bring 

 third more than if kept till fall to fatten on grasi 

 The subject is so large, every way, that I will cor 

 liuue it in a subsequent number.— ii. t. u. 



SAVING FODDER, 



. Rvi 



r-Y.i 



■old ! 





paper, as their name is "legion," in regard to 

 necessity of using every means in their powei 

 order to keep their stock in good condiliou 

 coming winter, as cheaply as possible. There 

 real scarcity of hay and fodder in nearly all parts 

 of tbe Empire State, and the question,— "wha 1 

 shall we feed, and how?" — has to he met failii 

 the face, and any facta throwing light on the mat 



Tl„, 





:■ kiild'.-i ■■ 



years old, that he wanted lo 

 beef. As we were short of ha 

 until we ascertained tbe folio 

 two-year-olds, ond three-year 

 the same condition, neither ga 



fed two quarts of 

 doy, with cut stra 

 father fattened so 



each, per diem. The 



I fattened my steers, and my 



also, giving them all the cut 



t, aud three quarts of meal 



„_ cut straw was wet, and the 



roughly mixed with it before feeding. 



eavier steers, would probably need 



We fed, last winter, 

 plan pursued by ,loi 

 . We gave them all t 



Hock of Bheep, after 

 Johxstox, Esq., of Ge 

 good, bright, wheat : 



..lu-p dulv. Lambs cannot be kept in this w 





nil be apt t 



i the ii 



of unground g 



ion of sheep, all stock can bo 



[perimentsofOAssii - U Ot a, 



meal is worth, for hogs, three 

 hole grain. In all the experi- 

 leon, meal is worth dwMt that 

 for cattle or bogs, and, per- 

 :ase a farmer has fodder and 

 grain to buy, or even if be has the needed quantity 

 of grain, tbe fact thut by grinding it lie can save 

 one half, should not be lost sight of, for un instant. 

 Any man who feeds fitly bushels, or more, annu- 

 al I v, cun illy afford to do without a farm mill, or a 

 cooking apparatus,-— but the mill being the most 



mended. I have a I.eavitl's "Young America" 

 will, but would like to exchange it for one, that is 

 not a 000 mill. It does not pay, for me at least, to 

 gnud and feed cobs when I cun gel bran for fll) 

 per ton at our mills. There was a mill ut the 

 American Institute Fair, New York, and at our 

 State Fair, at Albany, which I ba 

 where, that would su.t me far 



■I el.-, 



■ thai 



grind tbfl grain, 

 but breaks it —Jtrutoo, an important requisite* 

 I believe i! wii* called " SenfordV mill, made by 

 R. L. HOWABP, of Buffalo. I have forgotten the 

 price, but as it ia a simple mil), I pa ■ 

 cheap. After any former has used a mill ono year, 

 he would not care to be without The saving in 

 grain scon pays for it, and a good mill will last a 

 lif.- time, except Ihe grinders, and they can be re- 

 placed in "Young America" for three dollars; 

 and I presume the "Sanford mill," can be re- 

 iuvenated equally cheap. 



If sheep are tbe principal stock, I do not believe 

 I would pay to grind the corn for them, sa they 

 never void corn undigested. An acquaintance 

 tried feeding two flocks of wethers one winter, aod 

 the flock fed on whole corn gained as I 

 rently, as those fed on meal — the same number of 

 buabels being fed to each flock. To feed sheep 

 profitably, and to winter them cheaply, the best 

 way is to feed them their hay or stn.w in racks, 

 ' good, tight sheds. After careful experi- 

 cati safely aflirni that sheep fed under good 

 sheds, will not consume more than two-thirds a 

 fodder us when fed in rocks out of doors.— 

 It requires less food to keep up Ihe animal beat in 

 ie sheep are out of doors 

 any buy gets the least 



r^r^y^ 



