SEPTEMBER. 4 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICITTURAL .VXD FAMILY XEWSr.vrER. 



iBxthmH and t&Mtu. 



HORTICULTURAL ROTIS. 



(the norwms and 

 l -, r,urde»lr, 

 lfttle weery, batdellghrci 1 , ud ibankfol to tin 

 Giver of ell Good, who b»» adorned our «nh with 

 so mocb of beauty, io mocb to pi 

 gratify the tes'e. and elevate the heart Dimcolttoi 

 the cultivator hu to contend win. — 

 disease*, and unfavorable -aaaon*. sometimes blaa 

 hla hope", end always 1 m»ke care and Tigilaaoi 

 essential to success,— jet the flowers aroalwayi 

 gay, end luscious fralu are alweja found Id thi 

 gardens of the diligent 



Unpacking the specimens we have collected It 

 onr travel*, and spreading them oat in bright array 

 before dp, and opening oor note book for 

 randa taken on the grounds, we wilt give on 

 era a little horticultural gossip. First, we bare the 

 Peine. The fjll varieties are now ripening, and 

 although the crop la not aa large as some a< 

 we never saw finer specimens. Tin- / 

 we have jast now eaten, In perfection, and of 

 which we give an engraving, Is of medium aire, ob- 



. 

 urn! form, In r< 1 .t it Ij crccnlsh-jellow, spriukled 

 with reddish dote, and often marbled red on tho 

 sunny side ami around tho crown. Stem about an 

 inch long, moderately stout and Inserted In r. shal- 

 low depression. Calyx small, open and shallow, 

 flesh Que, meliing, sweet, innaky, somewhat resem- 

 bling the Bartlett In flavor and perfame. The tree 

 is a free grower, and good bearer. This is a Bel- 

 gian fruit, and will rank among the heat summer 

 pears of medium size. We give an engraving of 

 this variety below. 



The Tyson Ib nearly doable the Blze of the above, 

 and the tree is an upright, vigorous | i 

 ing a moBt beaulifal tree. It originated near Phil- 

 adelphia. Flesh juicy, meltiDg, angary and slightly 



Romstltt Stuttgart ia a small pear, of pyramidal 

 shape. Flesh rutber coarse, juicy, melting, sweet, 

 with a rich flavor, and aromatic. 



Tho BartUtti ate ripening, and specimens picked 

 early are now fully ripe. Our market is pretty 

 well supplied with this excellent fruit. The only 

 objection we ever heard urged against this pear, 

 llu'. it riji(?ni with the peaches, is of little account 

 this season, as our peach orchards will not give as 

 a taate>. By the by, we saw some very fine, thrifty 

 SartUtts, to-day. on the quince root, and loaded 



Dwarf trees of the Wear of WMtfUld are every- 

 where bearing on, excellent crop. Indeed, msny 

 of the trees are suffering, because the fruit was not 

 thinned oat early in the season. A little ottentlon 

 to thinning the fruit on dwarf trees will bo labor 

 well expended. When a tree id allowed to over- 

 bear, it not only affects the growth of the tree, but 

 the crop is apt to be small the oe\t season. By a 

 little care on this point dwarf trees will givo a good 

 crop of frnit every year. 



The Louii Bonne de Jersey is another very pro- 

 ductive sort both on quinco and pear stocks. It 

 seems to produce a good crop most uniformly, and 

 sometimes with very poor culture, Wo never saw 

 finer specimens of Bntrre 8sperfin and Buerre tf 

 Atijou than are now on the trees. Mr. Ellwanobh 

 thinks we did not do justice to the Putsifcr, in our 

 notice last week. We described it lrom the speci- 

 mens we tasted, "a very good, pleasant, bat not 

 high flavored fruit.'' The specimens we had were 

 perhaps picked too early; indeed, we think they 



ob»v 



THE JAPAN [JLLY. 



large as tho Brndsliaw, very deep purple, with a 

 very thick bloom, rich and fine. Goliath is a large, 

 round plum, skin a deep red, and very prettily 

 mottled with green and brown, and almost co 

 with fine dots. It ia very juicy, with a sprightly 

 flavor. Achon's Victory is a delicate plum o 



size, very juicy, and the color, which w 

 hardly describe, is a delicate mixture of crimso 

 yellow. Those who have become discouraged with 

 .(tempting to grow plums on account of the 

 culio, should visit the plum orchard of Ellwakuer 

 A. Bahuy, of this city, where all onr specimei 



obtained, and they will there see scores 



beating b full orop of Ibis frnit. 



wind-fall?, that vi 

 , E. pronounces good special 

 on since our notice, a? very hit 



il they ripened. 





Among the Pixu*. we have 

 eaten the Imrwu* a dollolom 

 from the Green Gage, which 

 week; alio, tho Bradsliaw, one < 

 Urge plums. It is aboot the i 



plum, a Bcodling 



e described lost 



the finest of the 



of the Yellow 



of a dark violet red, with a bluish bloom. The 

 flesh is yellowish-green, rather coarse, but Juicy, 

 sweet and pleasant The tree is very vigorous, 

 and boars moat abundant crops. Diapre Rouge is 

 a very beautiful, medium sized Frenoh plum, of 

 fine Uavor. in color i9 brighl redi 



In tbe ornamental grounds, the Atlheas are at 

 this lime conspicuous, and tbey are invaluable, on 

 account of their late flowering. All lawns and 

 nmnmeut.il grounds Bhould contain a few Alfhcas. 

 The season has been very unfavorable for the 

 growth of Dahlias, and we fear onr fall show of 

 this queen of flowers will he quite behind that of 

 otber seasons. Tbe Bedding Plants, particularly 

 the Verbenas and Petunias, are the gayest of the 

 gay. How mocb do wo owe to these two flowers. 

 From OBrly summer, until November, they greet us 

 with smiles of beauty, in their thon Bands of bright 

 and laughing eyes. 



The Gladioli and the Japan Lilies vio wit! 

 other, ond equally command tho admiratl 

 the observer. The Japan Lily is as hardy i 

 Tigtr or any of our garden lilies, and should be 

 planted more generally. They were brought from 

 Japan about twenty years ago, and we have knowi 

 them in this country some ten or twelve years, bui 

 the high price at which they have been sold has 

 prevented mony from planting. They are now sc 

 cheap as to he within the means of all, and aa ihej 

 exhibit a striking and delicate combination of col 

 ore, possess a fine perfume, and are hardy, and ol 

 the easiest culture, we hope all lovers of ilowers 

 will remember tho Japan Lilies, when planting thia 



engraving of one of the best, Speciosutn. 



The AtmuaU are now among the moat showy of 

 the flowers. These coat nothing but a little labor, 

 and every village lot and every farmers' " door 

 yard" maybe adorned with them. Pldo.e Drum- 

 i and the Balsams, and the Amaranths are 

 s fine as can be desired, and the Aster, that 

 ilul fill flower, ia being very much Improved. 

 Some of tho broad-pctaled, or Peony Asters, are 

 almost as perfect and beautiful aa a good dahlia. 



Pfloru-LTivi: Pwirp Peak Trees. — About a 



some eleven years ugo,— Bartle'.to, Virgalieus, 

 Beurre Diels, Ac— were magnificent trees, show- 

 ing every sign of health and productiveness. A 

 Flemish Beauty, some fifteen feet in height, was so 

 loaded with frnit that almost every branch had to 

 be supported with stakes and poles to prevent the 

 entire destruction of the tree. Mr. Bccsan only 

 commenced to plant dwarfs about four yeara since, 

 but has now some 400, all healthy and vigorous, 

 and many of them beautiful specimens, bearing 

 from half-a-dozen to fifty fine pears. Here, too, we 

 found an orchard of standard apple trees, of about 

 an acre, beautiful in form, the trunks of many of 

 them entirely hid by the over-hanging branches. 

 Here, at least, the fruit garden always rewards the 

 intelligent, industrious cultivator, while it exposes 

 end punishes the c ireless and negligent 



lilt u 



f Ibis cily, on 



Wm. Kino, we saw five Lax 



trees on the quince root, eight jears nlunttd, and 



I with fruit, almost fit to gather. They 



healthy and vigorous, and the fruit from these 



)8 last year aold for twenty four dollura. Thla 



looks aa if growing pears would pay. 



A Fan Ftim Garufn and Avenue. — Now 

 that the fall fruits are ripening, and the fruit 

 gardens and orchards can be seen under the 

 favorable circumstances for gaining infor- 

 mation, wa deaign to visit as many of our friends 

 aa possible within a convenient distance. To-day 

 we accepted an invitation to visit the grounds of 

 Jims BrcBAK. situated less than two miles from 

 tnter of the city; and here, in a quiet, un- 

 pretending spot, we found one or the best fruit 

 gardens it has been our fortune to visit in a long 

 time. On entering the grounda we found ourselves 

 in a beautiful aveoue. Borne 40 feet in width and 

 1.300 feet In length, both sides thickly planted with 

 deciduous and evergreen trees, many of them 

 grown to 20 or 30 feet in height, and furnishing 

 an abundance of grateful shade. This 1b the only 

 really fine avenue we have about our city. The 

 fruit garden proper we found contained over five 

 acres, In which we were delighted to see pear 

 trees of ell our most popular sorta, loaded with 

 fruit. Abant loo standard pear trees, planted 



DO QUINCES PRODUCE BLIGHT' 



Messrs. Eds.:— Can jou or any of your numer- 

 ous correspondents inform me through tho Rural 

 if Pear Trees in ihe immediate viciuily of old 

 quince bushes are more liable to blight than tho 

 more remote? I will ttate one case:— Some five 

 six years since, we lost three pear trees which stood 

 near Borne old quince bushes; tho blight firBt 

 menced on the quince, then on the pear; 

 other trees were attacked at tbe same time, In 

 saved them by cutting back. Tho remainder of 



main^d perfectly healthy until the present eeaso: 

 when the same quince bn.vh wa? attacked with the 

 blight again, and the pear tree standing nearest 

 quince has blighted also. We have another <iuti 

 bush standing in another part of our yard, (and for 

 want of better Block?,) we cut off part ef th 

 and grafted it with the Beurre Clairgeau. This 

 blighted, and when the grafts had 

 grown to the length of one foot they blighted, and 

 of eight scions set I have but one left Tbe 

 rre d'Aojon and Beurre Bssc, the two trees 

 quince, have also blighted; 

 have taken it out, root and 

 The above named quinco 

 and all the blighted tree* 

 ar those bushes. The ro- 

 rees (ISO) remain perfectly 

 Lay the quince caused 

 n thepeor.butitlooks 



A CURIOUS TJIBECT. 



his cherry trees, one of which 1 stud yoa T*ev 

 teem to be quite voracious in their tubtta, devoar- 

 iDg the entire leaf" Thin is all the deacripilon 

 given. The frail tubo of au elder. In which the 

 ■pecimfD was enclosed, wai crcBhed into four 

 piece*, no doubt by the | W 

 master — these chape have no s>mpalby for the 



A poat mortem examination of the mass of 

 smashed matter sphering toe ponton of its en- 

 velope, revealed several fleabjrprM. 

 covered with abort, dark brown h»i. ? 

 me to infer that the insect was similar In character, 

 to a very singular species of Caterpillar brongbt to 

 me by Mr. (iisiea, Hq.u 1. ls;,7, ol which I took 

 drawings, illustrating it in various positions, and 

 Inclose yon a copy of them, so that your corres- 

 pondent may judge whether my conjecture ia cor- 

 rect There are, however, vaiious species, differ- 

 ing in out-lino and color. I judge it is the larva 

 of a species of Jiotb, tho Patutto Bo 

 tVoiodontimt, order Leptdnptrra ,■ ond otihe geniua 

 ' ' io named be- 



cause they are apparently destitute of feet ) Tbe 

 latter name, Apodes or Apoda, la nlso applied to 



Bntomologli ia 



Dr. Haiiris describes a. epeolea of theie extra- 

 ordinary Slag Caterpillars, sometimes seen on oak 

 trees, in the mouth of Septtmtier. He says:— "Ii 

 ia of a dark brown color, and is covered with a 

 abort, velvet-like down; its body is almost oblong 

 square, but the sides of tbe) rings eztei 

 tally in the lorm of tlallened teeth ; i b 

 teeth on each side, ttm ia, one on the forepart, the 

 middle, uud the hind part of tbe boi | 

 longer than tho others, and are curved backwards 

 at tbe end. When fully grown, the Caterpillar 

 measures nearly on inch in length, It does not 

 bear confinement well, and my specimens died 

 without making cocoons.'' Soohfamyexperience, 

 also. Dr. Uelsiisiubr, however, raised the moth, 

 and slates that the Caterpillar eats the leavea of 

 the wild cherry, as well as those of the white snd 

 red oak; that it makes its cocoon about tbe middle 

 of September; changes to achrjsalis tbe following 

 April, and that the moth appears in about eight 

 risi The name given to this insect 

 by Sir J. II SMITH, | LbboUj "Insects of Georgia," 

 p. M7, pi. 7J.) la P(thecu,rn,fh6 meaning ..f which 



the former so bad tb 



branch, and burned 



bushes are all we h 



we have had, stand near t 



mainder of our pear trees 



healthy, I do not mean to 



or is the cause of the blight 



rather singular that all the blight that 



should be c 



o old ■ 



T'0«(?.-3 6 



his subject 

 ItEiiABES— We bave 



vicinity of 

 isheF, while the others are per- 

 lia may be accidental, but if 

 similarly affected, we shall be 

 them, es this- blight is a very 

 the light you 



J. a Cl; 



seen any evidence 

 that the quince produced the blight In pear treep. 

 The blight cf the qnince and pear tree is prob- 

 ably the same disease, though they affect the trees 

 differently, the blight of the quince being confined 

 principally to the tender branches. It lathe opin- 

 ion of many good cultivators that this disease ia 

 infectious, and the smell given off by trees badly 

 affected favors this ides, as docs many facts that 

 we might mention. The facta stated by our cor- 

 respondent are worthy of note, and any of our 

 readerawho maybe acquainted with facta cither 

 favoring or disproving the idea suggested by Mr. 

 CLAnKB, will please communicate them. Nothing 

 1b known certainly of the cnuae of this disease. 

 and a3 little of its cure. 



In it* w 



hagmotb, 



igi-d t 



■yfaced aid r. 

 , Limacodu 



hmsstit (Bmrnv. 



HOW TO DO UP SHIKT BCS0MS. 





Dg-Xn 



), takepcarlatarch, 



but withes 



me, throogh tbe F.ra*L. to tell Jussrniyi bow Io 

 " do up" ahirt bosoms nicely— lor the truh it she 

 abhora a mujiy looking shirt on ■ man. She uu 

 tvhen the clothes are ready to ir 

 mike it rather thick when boil 

 rub it into the ctothfa over night— next morning 

 iron in the nmal way ';,/; dry. l\*u 

 hoard— the siio of the bosoma with three or four 

 thicknesses ef cloth icwtd over it to rrj 

 bosom?— now take a linen cloth, wc t n 

 out as dry as you can, and with it j U6l d an ,,,r-n by 

 lightly nibbing it over the boaem. Take your pol- 

 iahlng iron and rub it hard and quick 1 1 

 you want an extra shiuo on, dampen and repeat 

 the rubbing. If you have not a polishing iron, 



any common round-poi 



the point, only. Tho polishing iron 



two slightly convex surfaces— one on the point 



and one on the heel , u 



TO DRY SWEET CORN FOR SUCCOTASH. 



n -— I saw In a recent number of the 

 Rural a call for a reolpo to dry Bm 

 Succotash, for winter use. Having seen two or 

 three recipes, I thought I would give you my plan, 

 which I think is far better than the alow, tedious 

 process of drying in the oven. Pick tbo corn 

 when fii for present use, (the Stowell is tho beat,) 

 attip cQ the husks and silk, put It into hot water 

 and let Itecitd (not boil) asnflicicn' !■ 

 to* cook tbe mlik, which will facilu . 

 very much. Take it out, cut the corn from the 

 col>. and spread it on sheets or tablecloths in tho 

 sun to dry. Ir got out early on a One 

 beontof danger by night, but not »m . 

 to keep; repeat the drying prooeaa until perfectly 



■ Wi: 





,Dd with a 



of theeamo light color, edged externally with 

 dark brown near the outer margin, and a 

 brown spot near the middle; the fiingesof i 

 wiDgsnre spotted with light brown; the le. 

 covered with long hairs; the ftnttnilffl, in both 

 Bexes, are slender, almost threadlike, and 

 feathered. Itexpanda from nearly one 'noh t: 

 inch Bud a quarter. 



Fig. 1 sbowa tbe upper part, and hairy scollops 

 r teeth, of the specimen in my collection, covered 

 ith velvety hairs, of a mottled mahogany color. 



Tbfl i 







THE PEAR TREE AND 1 



ILLS, 



Having heretofore written biieiiy refeni 

 my experience on thia sibject, and lime having 

 with me demonstrated my practice; and as otber 

 of yonr readers, as appears by your correspond- 

 ence, have teatcd its merits, I am induced to recur 

 to the subject again. The experiment before 

 stated, of paring off the deal bark from one of 

 y trees in particular, last year, and coating the 

 maining bark with soap, in effect exceeded my 

 ost sanguine expectations, the tree continuing 

 j apparent re-invigoration by the mean?, and thia 

 year is loaded with fruit, which is ripening in 

 perfection. Whether thia canker opon 

 f the body of the tree is produced by the same 

 ause aa what la termed pear tree blight, !b as yet 

 nknowQ to me. The necessity. In heavy clay soils 

 like mine, of tile under drain*, at least three feet 

 depth, contiguous to the pear trees, at least, to 

 dictated alike by reason end sound pn 



most Esgicious cultivGtois of the present age. 

 I it ia my earnest hope that every one of your 

 terons readers will not let tbe coming fall and 

 :;e Bolls, wbere pear trees 

 growing or to be planted, without thorough 

 draining. ?. N. Hoi uis. 



Fig. 3. The retractile head, 

 magnified. 



i place of pro-legs, there are a series ol bladdery- 

 elevation* on its abdomen, which seem to have 

 the power of exhausting the air beneath them— 

 swell and sink in Biccesilon, like waveain 

 od. The body has an orange-yellow fleshy 

 ;in, above thla there ia a row of small wart- 

 granules, covered by short radiating hairs, on 

 :o fleshy space adjoining to the hairy object- 

 ing appendages, as ehown in figs. 1 snd % To ace 

 queer thing in motion, la enough to till na with 

 wonder and surprise; under the knee, it locks like 

 Buffalo robe thrown over its body, with the akin 

 ' the legs expanded in front and rear— so odd ia 

 ) appearance, that I could not believe at flrst that 

 was a part of the insect, but some assumed cov- 

 ing, like tbe leafy envelopes of the basket-worm. 

 The allied genus Oikttieus and Psyche, arc remark- 

 ible for tho habit whioh their larvtc have of con- 

 structing for themselves portable oases, of bits of 

 grass, and sticks or leaves, in which they reside, 

 and undergo their transformations. lu ihU re- 

 spect these insects represent the Caddiericorm, 

 Phrygmeidtt, And Mr. Newman asserts that they 

 ought to be removed from the present order. Be 

 that as it may, I shall not attempt a discussion, 

 conteu' to Iiuow what the creatvre is. I have im- 

 parted all that I deem necessary to give your in- 

 quiring correspondent a clue to farther investlgt 



your valuable paper for almost everything bul 

 elderberry wine, and having one I know to bo 

 good, I send it Having taken the lurgeatatcma 

 from the herrie?, put them Into a kettle with water 

 enough to scald iheni. lieaanre the wateryooput 

 in. When well resided, strain, and to every pint 

 and a half of juice, allow one quart of water, mak- 

 ing allowance for what you put in to scald iheni, 

 and to ererypint of juice, add three liontlia Of ■ 

 pound of sugar, then return to tbo kettle, sriihl 

 and strain into a olean jar. When cold, toast a 

 slice of bread, put yeast on both Bides and lay 

 gently on the top. When done fermenting, put 

 ginger, cloves, and cinnamon into a little bag and 

 place in it. When done hissing, take out the bag, 

 put tho liquor in a cask, hut do not close too tight, 

 let it stand undisturbed several months. It is het- 

 i'i far having age. Those troubled with atthma 

 will Dad it a great medicine.— Lima, A ■/ ■'.■■., A | 



NaQBAiaiA.— Will you, or any of your readers, 

 give, through the columns of the Ki'ii.u., a *8fo 

 and sure cure for Neuralgia, and oblige an afflict- 

 ed person, who has used maoy things, but without 

 success?— C. 



Reiiabks.— We have never found anything bet- 

 ter for this distressing complaint than an applica- 

 tion of chloroform and laudanum, one part of 

 the former to three of the latter. If tbe disease 

 Is confined to the head, bathe the face, and moisten 

 a little cotton hatting In tbe mixture and place it 

 in the ear. Shoold any of the teeth be decajed, 

 clean them out and place a small quantity of cot 

 ton, after a slight immersion, In the cavities. 



Sticking- Salve.— One Ih. rosin; 1 oz. mutton 

 tallow; 2 G23. Beeswax; 2 oz?. turpentine; j os. 

 Bweet oil— melt all together, and when thoroughly 

 incorporated, take it from the fire snd udd one 

 ounce of pulverized camphor gntn. If there to 



j tb- 



tit ( 



the fire again. When partly cool, work it like 

 shoemaker's wax into roils. We have used plaster 

 made from tbe foregoing recipe in our family for 

 several years past, and consider it excellent — A. 

 T. N., On go, N. Y., 1858. 



Sponge Case.— I have noticed a number of 

 recipes in your valuable paper for making spongo 

 iake, and will add another which I know to bo 

 ;ood. Take one pound of white sugar; eleven 

 iggs— separate the whites from the yolks and beat 

 the whites to a solid froth, stir the yolks and augar 

 gether until the lumps Brc all removed, then put 

 1 together, and add one half pound of flour— 

 »ve the oven ready and get it In as quiok aa pos- 

 sible. Add a UtQfl sal' and MtnWg.— Gi Portage 

 , 



Ii...., . 



dwiii i 



i parfeot i. 



a it a favor if he will forward 



; and, if possible, a larva 

 Jauoc STAttn 



Good Vinegar— Oood vinegar may 



iC audi l>v 



putting three gallons of pore 

 uf molasses, snd a piece of 

 nto a stone jar. Set in a war 

 good in about fourwaeka— 



'mother 

 5. G. L, 



It will be 

 Qorhant, M 



Y. 1859. 









I-DEBItUS— SrUMKR Cahe axd Pbcwko.— 



ict that many readers of the ISobai. may for- 

 .e importance of pruning and cultivating tbe 



Raspberry at this aeaaon of the year, to the reason 

 is article. It is my practice, aa Boon aa the 

 season with them to over, to cut out all the 

 nes carefully, as well as the weak ond slender 

 >nes— pinching off ihe ends of those I leave, 



if of sufficient heigh t-st in log up sn 1 pulverizing 

 . rt tbe roots. In ao doing I largely In- 

 Ibelr maturity and growth, 



with the prospect of at least four times the usual 



inantityand quality cf fruit the coming j ' * 



N. Holm is, S 



X I'., I-'.-. 



Picklbo Tomatoes. — Take small, smooth to- 

 _ atoes, not very ripe; scald them until the skin 

 will slip off easily, and sprinkle salt over them. 

 After they have stood twenty four hours, drain of 

 the juice, and pour on a boiling hot pickle, com- 

 posed of one pound of sugar to every quart uf 

 vinegar, and two teaspoonlula each of cinnamon 

 and cloves. Drain off the liquid, acald it, and 

 pour It on them again, every two days, for a week. 

 — SehcteJ. 



Tomato Catsttp. — Take one half bushel of to- 

 ms'cc, scald them, and press them throogh a 

 common sieve. Boil them down ooebalf; then 

 aid two tfthteapoOLfoU of Bait; one of M*ck Pep- 

 per; one teaapoonful of cayenne pepper; one half 

 of cloves; one-half of cincamon; and one-half of 

 Mix well, and add one tescupful of vlno- 

 gir. Bottle and seal, and set In a cool place.— 

 ■ 



