DOI.I.AKS A YKAR.l 



;E>s AM' IMPROVEMENT.' 



[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 



VOL. IX. NO. 37. i 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER II, 1858. 



IWH0LE NO. m. 



MOORE'S BURAI HEW-YOBKER, 



AgricuHoral, Liunry tnd Fuailj Hcwipaper. 



CONDUCTED Br D. D. T. B60BB, 



%vtfm. 



PLOWTTIQ BY STEAM, 



ROW that the telegraph wire la Btretched acroBa 

 the trackless water*, ami the lightning flashes down, 

 down, among the silent caverns and over the moun- 

 tain tops of old ocean, carrying cold compll- 

 menta between Queens and Kings end Presidents, 

 and warm words of love from friend to friend, we 

 muatmove onward to greater achievements. What 

 the next great it*p will l>e In the march of im- 

 provement we cannot 8»y, but moet aanndb/lbli 

 step will be made, and will be as mncb Id advance 



There la bo mopping place— no bonnd. to the In. 

 is of man. AgTiculturehaM'orhapf. re- 

 ceived Itaf all share of attention and advantage from 

 tbla faonlty, and It is no doubt destined to receive 

 ^iieQta. We can remember wbeumosl 

 of the threshing was done by the flail, and wllb 

 how much difficulty machinery for tbla pnxpoee 

 was introduced In aomo of the moet civilized parts 

 ofthc world— when every European arrival brought 

 ua Intelligence of the destruction of threshing 

 chines In England, by tuoba of infuriated f 

 laborers, who feared they would deprive them of 

 thoir labor and their bread, and leave them to star- 

 vation. Now, not content with uBing machinea 

 driven by horse power, atcam ia much used for tbla 

 purpose, and nosnne man oppoitcstbeimae or thinks 

 they arc aught but a benefit. The youngest ol our 

 readers almost can remember the introduction of 

 reaping and mowing ui i > 



laot when the reaping book and sickle were the 

 Implements used in cutting wheat. Soedsoweni 

 and planters are of but recent Introduction, and. 

 within a very few years tho various form* of culti- 

 vators and ahovel-ptowa have almost superceded 

 tho use of the hoe, much to tho relief of tbo farmer 

 and the benefit of the crop*, nt the aoll la kept 

 It was only a 

 week or two ago, and during quite a ■' dry ■pell," 

 that a farmer informed ua that while he once 

 dresdad tho drouth, now be had 



■ These money result/, satisfactory, though tbey be. 

 ot, we consider, the only points of advan- 

 tage which the Introduction of these machines 

 confers opon agriculture. By their aid we can 

 carry out a complete system of autumnal cultiva- 

 tion now so generally admitted to be desirable, hut 

 which it la extremely difficult to effect with the 

 ordinary force of a farm, in ordinary aeasona, and 

 under ordinary circumstances. We can continue 

 our cultivation by plowing or otherwise, well 

 nfgh regardless of weather, and upon land which 

 would not submit to the pressure of horse labor. 

 We have perfect control over the work wo wish to 

 have done; and when It Is done. It la found to be 

 more regular throughout, and to be In a more open 

 and desirable condition than could be obtained by 

 the beat and most judicious application of the ordi- 

 nary implements of a farm. Tbeao are points 

 which wo cannot too strongly recommend to the 

 attention of those interested in the advancement of 

 agriculture. 



We wish It distinctlyunderstood thntthrooehout 

 the trials no have charged the machines with the 

 maximum of working expenses, and have credited 

 them with the minimum value for the work per- 

 formed, We feel confident that when in constant 

 operation on a farm, tho work done would be at a 

 lower rate of cost than that now given, aDd their 

 great advantages then moro clearly and directly 

 shown. At the same time, too, It must not be for- 

 gotten that the engines themselves are equally 

 applicable to all tho other power purposes of the 



Prom the foregoing results of the trials intrusted 

 to our decision by the Council of the Royal Agri- 

 cultural Society, and conducted throughout under 

 our Immediate supervision, It is beyond question 

 rnat Mr. Fowler's machine fa ablo to turn over the 

 *oilln an efficient manner at a savior 05 'JA? cent.: 

 on heavy land, 25 to 30 per cent; Bud in trench- 

 ing, BO to 85 per cent.; while the soil In all cases 

 is left In a far more desirable condition and better 

 adapted for all the purposes of husbandry. We 

 are, therefore, unanimously of opinion that he is 

 fully entitled to tbe price of £300, and we now give 

 our award accordingly." 



Bjlnn l 



THE CHINESE SUGAR CASE. 



kb tho lapse of several months, in wbioh 

 t would almost eeem that the Rpk, 



is Saccharine Celestial the wall, wo again 

 hla "Swcetneaa" with pleasurable 

 lions. The past season has been an extraordinarily 

 favorable one for testing the value of this cereal, 



Its powers of pr 

 fudder, and we think that a finality can be reached 

 ion can be definitely settled aa to 

 whether it may be written "a good thing," or 

 classed with Morua MuUicaulie, China Tree Corn, 

 Rohan Potatoes, tt id omm genus. It it falls, the 

 "■peculation in crushers," foretold by our BOBJJ. 

 correspondent, (W. B. P.,) will find its days num- 

 bered, and we may reasonably expect -lota of old 

 wares'' opon tho market— should success be tho 

 irord, unbelief must pay a premium for an "ex- 

 pressing agent, -1 in addition to being assigned 



plow, cultivator, aud ahovel- PoaiUoB amid •'false prophets.' 



plow, all Injory from this cause was prevented. | In the vicinity of Rochester 



Plowing by steam Is bound to attract considera- 

 ble attention lu tho agricultural world for a few 

 years. Tbo Idea wilt seem chimerical to many, but 

 certainly not more eo than some things now in 

 general uae would have appeared fifty, or even 

 twenty years ago. The present week we have for 



i Fire Engti 



fo! operation. The proposition to snake steam 

 ivailsbte for this pnrpoee would have been laughed 

 at ten yeart ago. On amall, cr hilly farms, steam, 

 wo sappoe*. will never b« used, but there la no land 

 lu lbs world belter adapted to ttiaraplorlog 

 loan the boundless prairies of the ' 

 years from now scores of ateam plows may be 

 gaged In turning over these rich soils. Be this as 

 tt may we wQl keep our readers advised of all that 

 la being done in u« wa y of plowing by steam. 



A ptizo of 13,000 was c-flercd by the Royal Agri- 

 cultural Socle') ot Eagisnd for " 



lUtn th* moii rfidmt mnuur turn ova 

 A* sotl.amJ ** a« ■OOKOKieu, srcvriTCTl Jar (As 

 ftoK m < ea# *pW Our but English journals 

 give the report of the Committee which have 

 awarded the premium. There t..< 

 tors for the prise, only two or which cams ui> to 

 the requirements given above, and 



stderable amount sown the past apring, and, aa 

 knowledge extends, the crop wears a 

 promising appearance. Tho growth of the past 

 teiaon has been strong, and with a few weeks good 

 weather the probabilities fur its arriving at ma- 

 Thus tar wc can speak 

 favorably— the result of tho final process of 

 manufacturing syrup and sugar la still to be 

 demonstrated. The mode of operation which is 

 to be tho guide of tbe sugar-maker la not yet 

 definitely eettled, even among thoae whose experi- 

 ments have been the moet successful; while the 

 great majority who are now cultivating It, have, to 

 «ay the least, very crude opinions upon tho subject 



after being strained through linen, had a specific 

 gravity of L062; and, after boiling and the separa- 

 albuminous scum, 1.065. Turee and one- 

 half fluid ounces of tbe vtralned Juice was evapo- 

 rated at 212" F„ until it became a dense straw- 

 yellow ayrup, too thick to run when cold, and 

 giving 217 grains of saccharine matter. That 

 portion of the juice which had been freed from all 

 albuminous mitter aud filtered through paper, 

 gave, on evaporation of a fluid ounce, 78 grains 

 of thick yeUow syrup, which, being dissolved in 

 absolute alcohol left 9 per cent of mucilaginous 

 substances containing starch. The alcohol took 

 grains of saccharine matter: The result in 

 this lot equalled 11 30 100 per cent, on the juice. 

 In other instances the yield of syrup varied from 

 12 down to 9 per cent Lime-water and also bone- 

 black were used as purifiers. A small proportion 

 of crystallized sugar waa obtained from the 

 >ttom of a voasel lu which the syrup had stood 

 r some days. It. J. found that when the seeds 

 are ripe the cane contained the most sweetness— 

 some specimens which were just in flower there 

 is but very little saccharine matter. 

 In the statements of J. H. Hamuokd, Esq., of 

 Silverton, South Carolina, before tbe Beach Island 

 Farmer'a Club, we observe a point of difference be- 

 and Dr. Jackson's in 

 reference to the sweetness of tho cane at various 

 of growth. Mr. II, had a rude mill put up 

 .vo beech wood rollers, and first cnt 1,750 

 which he aopposed a fair sample of the 

 patch. He says:— "The first 300 or 400 were 

 passed through tbe mill twice, the remainder four 

 times, and the yield was 191 quarts of juice. The 

 lice was received In common tubs and tested by 

 thermometer, and a twharo meter with a scale 

 r 40 . The tuormoinc -t stood in every instance 



■ , 



frtBh-lald egg. I boiled it in a deep, old-fashioned 

 pot,' and, after six to seven hours' boiling. 

 obtained 32 quarts or tolerable syrup. The next 

 day I eelected 10 canes, the head* or which were 

 fully matured, 10 more in full milk, 10 more the 

 heads of which were just fully deteloped and tbe 

 top seed beginning to turn black, and again 10 

 comprising all these stages, hut from wbi 

 not strip the leaves. They were all passed through 

 the mill seven times, and yielded nearly 

 quantity of juice— about 3 quarto for every 10 

 canes. The juice, tested by tho aaccharometer, 

 ■ahowed that the youngest cane had rather the 

 moat, and the oldest rather the least saccharine 

 matter. The whole, together with that of a few 

 other good canes, exhibited at M0° of the ther- 

 mometer 211° of the saccharo meter. From 42 

 plots of the juice I obtained, after four hours' 

 boiling, B pinto of rather better syrup than that 

 made the d*y before. In these boilings, I mixed 

 with the cold juice about a tea-spoonful of lime- 

 water, of the consistency of cream, for every 5 

 gallons," 



Another experiment In boiling was made before 

 several members of the Club, in which 37J quarts 

 of the inice— the yield of 800 

 the pot. Mr. H. says:—'* With 

 &S° In the Juice, tho asocbarometer stood at 2lj n 

 we boiled the juloe nntll it run together on th 

 rim of the ladle and hung in a transparent &bee 

 half an Inch below it before fulling. And thia li 

 and a half hours. The result was 6 quarto of 

 choice syrup. The next day I repeated tl 

 larger Bcale, with equal sue 

 brought to the Club enough of the ayrup to ename 

 every member to try It and judge of its quality. 

 All who tasted it agreed that it waa equal to the best 

 that we get from New Orleans. In these last boil- 

 ings, I pot a table-spoonful of lime-water, prepared 

 aa before, to every 10 gallons. The whole process 

 of clarifying and boiling was carried through in 

 the aama pot, and that very unsuitable from its 



It affords us pleasure to present Rural 



the accompanying description and illustration of 

 Improved Plow, invented by Mr. IL VTaUUi 

 of Penn Yao. N. Y.. and patented on the 20th of 

 July, IBS6, We understand that this plow has been 

 thoroughly tested by several of ihe best farmers in 

 Yates, Steuben and other counties, who pronounce 

 it a great improvement Itleapparently worthy the 



ntion of the agricultural public, and wo trust 



prove alike creditable to the inventor and val- 

 uable to cultivators. The figures represent the 



ral parte, and, with the following description 

 by the Inventor, wlD enable our readers to compre- 

 hend the Improvement and its advantages: 



The beam to much improved over the beams 

 heretofore in use, It ia made lighter and longer, 

 and the peculiar shape of the beam gives It much 



■ r,*vnlcn makes the inn. i 

 toughness and consequently gn 



of the beam nearly i 



t k'trr - k 



beam with the mold-board 1b 

 an important point in this plow and is entirely new 

 and very plain In construction. Figures 2, 3 and 

 4 clearly show how this union is uiide; and it 

 may be seen that the beam extends downward and 

 forms the landslde portion of the plow. The for- 

 ward part of this portion is fitted to the landalde 

 part of the mold- 



together, so that if the bolts be- 

 ll keep its proper shape and 

 being broken by csreli 

 of forming thi 



.iint-r that when 



b loose the pin 

 he in danger of 

 This method 



a far superior to any 



nn'liadfl ucrtioli -til, i 



other in practical utility. 



The mold-board is a fine speeim 

 ■kill; it is simple and easy of c 

 peculiar connection with the beam gives it strength 

 and durability beyond any plow now in use. Tho 

 share Is fitted to the mold-boaid only, aud is fitted In- 

 geniouab/, [thi nflmu I wUenUepbMwUali 

 much decreases tho liability of breaking shares. 



Figure 2 la an attachment for a wood beam; it 

 may be put in tho place of the iron beam when a 

 wood one is preferred, and can be done without 

 any alteration whatever, by simply removing the 

 '""" beam and substituting the wood in Its place, 

 attachment and the wooden beam have 

 same effect on tho mold -board. Tho at- 

 fachm ent, and the iron beam also, rises up back 

 oeiug ciogged. iiiw »n«uKt*«i» ■■ 

 tarn when large clover, stubble or coarse manure 

 la to be plowed under. The whole construction 



t n| toe plfl 



(VI-I^S L.lid 



; gall kdapti d I 

 tbe wants ol 



farmer. The satisfaction end recommendations o 

 the farmers who have used It, la a n 

 nnty to the invcutor and mauutacturers to Induci 

 them to offer this Plow to tbe public or farmers li 

 general, for no doubt cow remains that it will rIvi 

 satisfaction when it is thoroughly tried by a prac 

 tical farmer." 



Further information relative to this improve 

 ment can bo obtained by addressing Waltii 

 Wakkbn, the Inventor, or Depsm. Wahhsh .' 

 ;be Propriolorf, at Penn Yan, Yatta 



rent of public favor and pi 

 a evident from the whole t 



H 



A iid 



be 







of Philadelphia 









tuI than Is possessed by tax;" another 

 makes a syrup, but with "a etiong and rather 

 disagreeable vegetable flavor;" a third has si 

 ■•exccllentarilcle of aweetenlng. but dark;*' whib 

 the fourth produces an "amber-colored liquid, 

 mneb to be prefemd to tho best sugar-hons* in aU 

 respect*." Here we have disgust— a gleam of 

 hope— a fltsh of light— and 



experiments of J. 



■ seem to have ibbi wih ™° u.™ 

 marked sneefsa of any of those who have yei 

 endeavored to manufacture both syrup and angar 

 from the Sorghum, and the facto spread 



• iu LI. 





enjoying 



fruition of a properly conducted experiment Our 



purpose now ia to lay before the readers of the 



Rt-xAt, In two orthree consecutive numbers, such re- 



— ttl'rt utbleexperimentalknowledgeashubeeaobuined 



: on the aubjeet m thai the great army of Inves- 



teaumade tigawn may work nnderetandingly. and that their 



tbe follow labors may result in th* beat returns which the 



- ncese Sugar Cane Is capable of yielding, 

 iwwr.baavy Among the Chemical Research** given In the 

 aed can be I«» Patent Office Report, we find several record* 

 aa U done »' experiments made by C. T. Jacxsos. of Boston. 

 " u*. The first plants operated oa were from the 

 f asying— ' go«rani*Lt gtouads In Washington. Tbe Julcr 



report will doubtless prove of much value l 



expecting their o" " 

 fsiralsh them with sweeuw 



all 

 j fleldB shall hereafter 



TRAXSFERBISG BEES. 

 Er^.:— In the BrRAt of July 2ttaC I 



the object and 

 ao much to benefit "ail eonctrtud," as it waa him- 

 self and others Interested Insetting : 



-„nd not so much to give instruction 

 to regard t<> ' asf 6ee», M at It 



was to '-/rtwi./rr " public favor and patronage from 



//,^,"and "arte" the "ComblniUoi 



way. But we have no fear* at all of tbe 

 result where loth hivt have been Introduced, and 



i a former article of hla on l 

 Bcral Of April 3d, ho says:— " Having had 

 considerable experience In driving, and htviug 

 met with eomfUte turrtit, I will, without hesitancy, 

 give, for tbo benefit of all concerned, the 

 — ud la ii _• aeoten 



the article aays;— "The above instruction. If strictly 



r.otii.t'j - :, ii iM'.-i'.i - " " '' 



M. iLBALDRin-.tin 

 which he assumes to give the public some valuable 

 Information and advice "/or (V bnufit of ail con- 

 ctnuJ, and tie ' Movhl* C^mb /fir*.' »-lho,t ulting 

 it ia partieutv Aa I have been Informed by Mr. 

 tAJtotnoTB-s aalgw* that Mr. BAtnamcx, or 

 that family, have purchased the right for the 

 : Kiagara Co., and aa flv- 

 e - Combination Hive* 

 have been sold is that and Orleans Counties the 

 past season. It baa become necessary for them tt 

 . 



fn'.'.."' 



. wiD I 



, the r, 



: ,..,„,.■- 



now, after a period of 

 month'p, he come* out In another article, and 

 gravely cautions them to look well to their own 

 Interest hetort ati'mpting to da what would -imoro 

 complete acccea*" only a f<* weeks previous. 

 Now. 1 woold ask. whst has wrought thia wonder 

 fol change in his mind! Have fc«-» changed >n 

 their babiu?-or ha, Mr. r.. got astride a niw 

 bobbyr— or interested in the " m . ,,. 



■xtnlyhehaanothsd - 

 to tea' tho mstter so a* to reeomi 

 oualifiedly « tbe mo* ™«"< a \ f»" " 



known fthut losses I sustained by 

 should have done quite differently; now, instead of 

 alftij" and givcsasiiisreaaODBforao 

 doing, the great Advantage* derived by transferring 



...i t« the new, 



cry and strengthen bis 



. uty pounds of honey Is 



ting aouiclent 



.,[[, that amount ol honey, and 



finally concludes after ieve;al " r«pportri«U,» that 



fimd. by trsnsftrring the old combs and honey to 



!U! may believe all of the foregoing 

 told him by 

 those interested In that theo**. For one, I must 

 beg leave to differ with him TO thia, as well as 

 B J yean prac- 

 tical experience and cloao obscrvnUoo— In which 

 time I have transferred some two hundred stock, 



many Instances tranaferred the old 

 comb Into the new hive, to be used by the bees 

 for brood am&t—l have almost una - 

 them to do '.he best, and prove th* most besliby 

 and productive, when I have transferred only a 

 portion of the old comb*, (or loch as coulalr- ' 

 eggs and unmatured brooV 

 the Combination Hive, : . 

 brood matures.— which Mil 

 tventy-ODeclays— by wbi I 

 & good supply of new, hulcby 

 in them tin 1.1 



.. of 



will have 

 mbs c-oastrucied 

 bv {titai/abM If 



