310 



MOORE'S RURAL JvEW-YORKER: A^ AGRICULTURAL AM) FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 



SEPT. n. 



<J*d ted unfavorable change in the working or the 

 Juice, Instead of clarifying perfectly ud with 

 great facility, as at first the defecation was dlffi- 

 colt, the color many shades darker, the juice grad- 

 ually fell off in weight from fall 10^ Besom.: to 3- 

 Braum*, and reqaired ten feet of granulated black 

 o bring It to the aame color aa that made six days 

 previous!*- with H« feet black. I, however, pro- 

 ceded (keeping tbia separate; to the crystaBteatlon. 



Boiled it «» 2*2 F*o*. w ^ en II produced good, 

 hard, eharp crystals; bnt finding the quantity, by 

 measurement, had decreased very considerably, I 

 took no further note on that bead, but gave It white 

 liquor until it was neat, (about the usual quantity.) 

 sod produced the sugar — being white sugar — di- 

 ectlyfromthe cane, without refining or re-melting. 



Sixth Exi>ebimz»«t.— Nov. 27 —Since the caneB 

 for the fourth and most successful experiment were 

 cut, on the Oth inst, the weather baa been very 

 changeable. We have had warm Indian summer 

 weather, with heavy raise, also Tery cold weather 

 making Icfl two inches In thickness — thermometer 

 having varied from 1C- to 00 s . To try the effect 

 of these changes, I cot one hundredth part of an 

 acre, which produced 11 li-lCths gallons of juice 

 only, Instead of nineteen or twenty gallons, aa be- 

 fore. It had. however, regained its former weight 

 of full 10° Beaum-', bnt was much more acid, rank, 

 and dark colored than previously. It clarified 

 without difficulty, but raised a much thicker and 

 denser sonm, and when concentrated, was very 

 dark and molasses-like; it, however, produced 

 good, hard, sharp crystals, but the quantity being 

 much reduced, there was no inducement to pursue 

 it further. This experiment proves, however, that 

 this cane will withstand very great vicissitudes of 

 weather, without the entire destruction of its sac- 

 charine properties. 



Seventh Experiment. — Took the proceeds of 

 the experiments that were considered failures, viz , 

 all the third and the poorest portion of the second, 

 via.: thirty-four pounds very indifferent angar; 

 refined It In the open kettle, by the old process, and 

 produced fifteen pounds loaf sugar, which is a very 

 toll yield (or the quality SBed. 



The foregoing are all actual results produced by 

 myself, (the polarlacoplc observations having been 

 taken on the spot, under the supervision of my 

 partner, Mr. William Morris Davis) with no object 

 in view but the truth, and a desire to contribute 

 whatever useful information I could towards the 

 solution of this interesting and important ques- 

 tion. They are, I think, sufficiently Battering in 

 themselves to warrant renewed exertions on the 

 part of our agriculturists of the Northern and Mid- 

 dle States especially, and perhaps those of the 

 South alBO, in the purenit of this promising branch 

 of industry, to the full and profitable development 

 of which it ia certainly capable, and which it is des- 

 tined ultimately to attain — (bb before mentioned 

 they have been accomplished without the advanta- 

 ges of the powerful sugar mill, the vacuum pan, 

 and the many other improved implements and ap- 

 paratus now in general use in Louisiana and else- 

 where)— and they are also very important and 

 Interesting in many respects, not apparent to those 

 unacquainted with the subject; it may therefore 

 not be superfluous to make some further explana- 

 tory remarks: 



1st. The mill used and the power employed in 

 these experiment* were much less efficient than 

 those in general use on sugar plantations, and the 

 waste proportionally greater; the loss from which 

 causes I estimate at not less than ten per cent 



'2d. It is well known to all who are acquainted 

 with sugar and saccharine solutions, that, by fre- 

 quent heatings and cooling?, a considerable por- 

 tion of the crystal llzable is converted into uncrys- 

 tallizable sugar, and is consequently lost as sugar. 

 In theBe experiments every parcel was from neces- 

 sity heated and reheated from eight to twelve 

 different times. 



3d. It fa Impossible to produce as good results, 

 whether as regarda quantity or quality, from small 

 aa from large quantities. 



4th. This sugar, (Sample No. i.) is quite dry, and 

 will lose comparatively nothing by drainage; the 

 yield would be considerably greater, if it contained 

 the naual quantity of footing that is contained in 

 the hogshead when sold at the plantation, one of 

 which being weighed there and re-weighed in 

 Philadelphia, in the month of July, will be fonnd 

 to have lost by drainage from 100 to 150 lbs., or 

 from 10 to 15 per cent. 



Assuming these propositions to be true, I make 

 the following estimate of the probable yield of an 

 acre of canes of ordinary growth, euch as I have 

 experimented upon, viz: 







Further, it will be observed that my acre pro- 

 duced but 1,847 gallons of juice. I have, however, 

 Been pobliBhod accounls of far greater yiolda than 

 this; one, for Instance, In this county, apparently 

 well authenticated, reaching c-,800 gallons per 

 sere, which, according to my actuat rosnlte, would 

 produce 4.4S9 lbs. of sugar, and 271 gallons molas- 

 ses—and according to the foregoing probable re- 

 sults, would yield 5,389 lbs. sugar, and 274 gallons 

 to the acre, 1 do not pronounce such yield of juice 

 impossible, but it will certainly be of rare occur- 

 rence — a mean between this and my yield would 

 be a large return. 



Another subject worthy of notice is the nature of 

 the season. My impression is, that owing to the 

 lateness and coldness of the spring, and the 

 tinued wet weather, the last baa been quite i 

 favorable season for the ripening and development 

 of the sugar in the juice, to which cause I think 

 deficiency in the yield of at least ten per cent ma, 

 be attributed, which would further increase the 

 qoantity to \M1 lbs. of augar. and SI mo gallons 

 molasses a jield very nearly corresponding with 

 that of the best conducted plantations of Louisiana, 

 as will be seen by the ( oUowins figures, which I 

 have collated from a minute statement furnished 

 to me by the enterprbsiug proprietor of one of the 

 most complete and costly establishments in that 

 region, (it being furnished w^ Tacaiim pan3i ^ 

 all the moat approved machinery of ]Mi/u times, 



vimr : r^£ u*i taafmj w -■.; ■ 





and conducted under his on personal super- 

 vision.) of the actual product of one of his plants 

 lions of 200 acreafor 8 consecutive years. These 

 figures will also furnish useful data for the estima- 

 tion of the cost of production here, vii: — Aggre- 

 gate yield of jolee from 266 acres for eight consec- 

 utive years, 4.757.700 gallons. Aggregate yield of 

 sugar, 3.6W.425 ponnda. Aggregate yield of mo- 

 laasee, 217,685 gallons- 



These details have been extended to a much 

 greater length than was at first intended, but per- 

 haps not beyond a useful limit for those interested. 

 To the working farmer they may appear formidable 

 and prolix; but be may, nevertheless, gain some 

 grains of useful knowledge from them to repay for 

 their perusal The conclusions to be drawn from 

 them will be seen by the following 



1st That it is obvious that there is a culminating 

 point in the development of the sugar in the cane, 

 which is the best time for sugar making. This 





-1,1'V 



all the eeeds are ripe, and after several frosts; say 

 when the temperature falla to 25° or 30° Fan, 



2d. That frost, or even bard freezing, does not 

 injure the juice nor tbo sugar, but that warm In- 

 dian summer weather, after the frost and hard 

 freezing, does injure them very materially, and 

 redacea bath quantity and quality. 



3d. That If the cane is cut and housed, or shock- 

 ed in the field when in its most favorable condi- 

 tion, it will probably keep unchanged for a long 



4th. That when the juice Is obtained, the process 

 should proceed continuously and without delay. 



5th. That the clarification should be as perfect 

 as possible by the time the density reaches 15° 

 Beau mi', the syrup having the appearance of good 

 brandy. 



6th. That although eggs were used in these 

 small experiments, on acconnt of their conven- 

 ience, bullock's blood, if to be had, is equally good, 

 and the milk of lime alone will answer the pur- 

 pose; in the latter oase, however, more constant 

 and prolonged skimming will be required to pro- 

 duce a perfect clarification, which is highly im- 

 portant 



7th. That the concentration, or boiling down, 

 after clarification, should be as rapid as possible 

 without soorcbing, shallow evaporators being the 



With these conditions secured, it ia about as 

 easy to make good sugar from the Chinese sugar 

 cane as to make a pot of good mush, and much 

 easier than to make a kettle of good apple butter. 



WTNTEB. BAHLEY. 



In reply to an inquiry in a late Rcbal concern- 

 ing Winter Barley, I would say that it ib quite 

 extensively raised in this county. Three years ago 

 I sowed one acre about the first of November, after 

 potatoes. The following spring it was so badly 

 winter-killed, that I plowed up all bnt a narrow 

 strip of It, which I left to ascertain its time of 

 ripening. I harvested it about the first of July. — 

 On the 12th of September following, I sowed two 

 acres on a sandy loam soil, after beans, plowing in 

 a light coating of barn-yard manore. This lot 

 yielded 70 bushels — 35 buBbels per acre. 



Last year, on the 2d oj September, I Bowed a quan- 

 tity of Winter Barley in a swale, — plowed the lot 

 Into five-pace "landB 1 ' and after Bowing, rolled it 

 with a field-roller. This crop, harvested on the 5th 

 of July, yielded 45 bushels per acre, and the grain 

 weighed 50 lbs. to the bushels. Some of my neigh- 

 bors have raised this season, 50 bushels per acre. 



Winter Barley, to be profitably cultivated, should 

 be sown tarty — say from the 25th of August to the 

 middle of September. The great drawback to 

 raising it, is its liability to y-inter-kM; to prevent 

 which it should be managed the same as winter 

 wheat— viz., soiced early on rich land thoroughly 

 drained, It requires from two to two and a half 

 bushels per acre for seed. 



Many of those who have raised winter barley for 

 the past two years, have given up sowing spring 

 barley. The average yield per acre this season of 

 the winter variety Is full 10 bushels greater by 

 measure than the latter — having also a preponder- 

 ance of about six pounds per bushel. 



It has no enemy but the frost — 1b not liable to 

 "lodge," and is ready to be harvested before any 

 other Grain Is ripe. 



I would not recommend rolling the ground after 

 sowing, unless it is in sheltered localities, as the 

 roughness of the surface caused by the harrow, 

 will better retain the snow, thereby protecting the 

 roots of the barley from the action of the frost 



The priet of winter barley at present is the same 

 as that of spring barley, although malaters know 

 that it la worth at least 12.; cents more per bushel, 

 and I have no doubt that hereafter, in market it 

 will sell for that amount in advance upon the 

 spring variety. Oso. B. Lbonard. 



Eds. RotAL:— Noticing in a late iasoe of your 

 journal a request for information with regard to 

 the raising of Winter Barley, I propose to contri- 

 bute my mite. I sowed one Geld Sept 26th, 1857, 

 which produced me a little over forty bushels per 

 acre— field was slightly manured and had a crop of 

 wheat taken from it the July previous. Another 

 field, clover sod, turned over nicely, nine inches 

 deep, and sown 27th Oct., produced 21 bushels per 

 acre. This lot I think, was in better condition for 

 a crop than the first one sown. Bad it been sown 

 as aoon aa the first lot the yield, I think, would 

 have been considerably over forty bushels. I 

 believe about the 20th Sept, is the right time to 

 sow it to have it get just about growth enough 

 to winter well I do not think it is quite as hardy 

 as winter wheat, but will produce very abundantly 

 on any dry, first rate wheat soil— I think: sandy, or 

 gravelly soil beet suited to Its growth, or full de- 

 velopment I sowed two bushels per acre and judge 

 the quantity about right It produces Tery abun- 

 dantly from a given amount of straw. When I 



.commenced to thresh 1 thought I should have 

 about 500 bushels, but had about TOO of very nice 

 barley, indeed. I think it is tbe most profitable 

 crop I can raise. It grows very stiff straw, does 

 not lodge, is harvested with reaper and barley* 

 forks with much leas expense than any crop of 

 grain I ever raised, and if sown the 20th of Septem- 

 ber will be rip* the last of June, consequently 

 ahead of damage from wheat midge. 



P. S. — I should perhaps state that I sowed one 

 field of 13 acrea to Winter Barley on the I2thof 

 April, for an experiment Soil was In better con- 

 dition than either of the other lots and harvested 

 about 12 bushels per acre by measure, and 10 bush- 

 els by weight In its early growth it did not come 

 forward as rapidly aa spring barley, and for some 

 time I had fears that it would not head out this year, 

 but in the last one-third of its growth it much resem- 

 bled spring barley and looks like it when threshed. 

 If I had sown spring bailey I think it would have 

 done as welL J. a. 



SORGHUM. -MA NTJBmG GBAS8 LANDS. 



ED3. Retral:— What has become of the Sor- 

 ghum advocates? Not a lisp do we hear from 

 any of them about the crop of 1S58. So far as I 

 have heard there was none planted in all this re- 

 gion—the last season's experiment sufficing — and 

 of course we are in blissful ignorance ss to the 

 prospect for cheap sugar, and whether "full pani- 

 cles of bright seed have yet burst the upper joint" 

 of any of *be stalks. Gentlemen Sorghum defend- 

 ers of 1857— Messrs. 8. W.; Doolittle, *c— da tell 

 us how the thing is getting on ! We are in a real 

 fidget to know. 



Ab to applying manure to grass land?, the writer 

 has done very little of it, but his father's life-time 

 practice was to haul from the barnyard in Octo- 

 ber, dumping a load in a place, and spreading jast 

 before the winter set in. Then, as soon as frost 

 was out In the spring, pulverize and make smooth 

 and even with a hand rake. The effeot was gene- 

 rally marked and lasting in the increased yield of 

 hay, frequently causing It to lodge for several 

 years — the exceptions being grounds whioh were 

 naturally very dry and having and old and tough 

 sward. But the results were so uniformly good 

 that I propose this fall to imitate his practice both 

 as to time and way. If there is a better method, I 

 Bhould be happy to know it 



Of course, spreading upon the surface will not 

 be approbated by the advocates of turning wider. 



will waste,'' say they. But land in pasture is cer- 

 tainly enriched, and the application is always to 

 the surface. The soil of forests does not degene- 

 rate though there is no provision In nature for 

 turning under. Tbe leaves fall upon the surface, 

 the rains rot them, and a perpetual growth is main- 

 tained. In both oases your theorists would say 

 there ia great waste — that the plow should be 

 brought into immediate use, or some application 

 made to "fix the ammonia" of these exposed fer- 

 tilizers,— but so says not the Author of vegetable 

 growth. To make a barren fig tree fruitful, you 

 are not to "dig about and dung it" but dung 

 about it and then dig. Are we not getting wiser 

 than is written? 



Until some parallel in nature, or positive proof 

 from experience is brought forward more conclu- 

 sive than I have yet seen, I shall reject tbe dogma 

 that fertilizers— crude, rotted, or concentrated — 

 are misapplied when they are spread upon tbe sur- 

 face of tbe soiL w. n. p. 



PERMANENT MEADOWS-STOCK FEEDING. 



Eds. Rural :— I have been much interested in an 

 account of the farm management of an English 

 farmer on the "Wealds of Sussex," who follows the 

 routine practiced by his forefathers for two gene- 

 rations. His lowland meadows have not been 

 broken up, at least during the last hundred years, 

 and ought never to be hereafter. The soil Is a 

 tenacious clay — stiff and wet — the meadows are 

 never fed in spring, and when mown, give two to 

 three tons per acre. In the fall, from a large fair 

 of cattle held in the vicinity, the farmer selects at 

 hiB leisure, and often at Mb own price, as many 

 head as his means of pasture and winter provender 

 will warrant TheBe all go into his second crop of 

 grass, and in a few weeks are bo improved aa to ad- 

 mit a rise in price, and many are then sold to pur- 

 chasers who are always numerous and urgent The 

 reserved etook, after clearing the meadows of the 

 great yield of second crop, are taken to their win- 

 ter quarters and fed chiefly on hay of the first crop, 

 which is of the finest quality. The roots grown 

 upon the farm are devoted to the feeding of cows 

 with calveB fatting for sale, no dairying being 

 done upon the farm; fresh calves being bought at 

 Smithfield market to supply tbe place of those dis- 

 posed of when fattened. In the faculty of buying 

 and selling to advantage, long experience and a 

 tact for the business, gives him great success — 

 every operation of the kiud bringing in more or 

 less clear profit 



It is not to be supposed that farmers in this 

 country, except perhaps, in rare instances near 

 large cities, can follow the same plan, but it is in- 

 teresting to know the methods by which people 

 achieve success, and some valuable hinta maybe 

 drawn from this brief 



Niagara. C*., K. Y, ISfi 



BUBYING POTATOES. 



Missus. Eds.:— I bow, in the Ritual of Sept. 4th, 

 an inquiry by " W. C," about burying potatoes. I 

 can describe to him a way that I have found by 

 experience to be safe. Select a spot where water 

 will not stand in the holeB— eandy land is the best 

 Dig holes that will contain about thirty bushels— 

 not more— fill to within four inches of the surface; 

 place across the centre of the bole a stick of wood 

 six inches through; place short pieces of boards, 

 one end on this stick, the others on the earth, each 

 side of tbe hole; over these, put a good coat of 

 straight straw that will keep oat all the water. At 

 first put a light coat of dirt over all, except a small 

 place in the centre of the hole— this Is to serve as 

 a ventilator. Before winter sets in. put a good 

 coat of dirt over, and I think you will not have 

 any frozen potatoes. The frost will not pass 

 through the space between the covering and the 

 potatoes. 



While I am willing. I will tell jou how I break 

 heifers of kicking. My practice is to stable the 

 heifers the winter before they come ia— there is 

 no trouble then in getting them in at 

 Wuen I want to mil's them. I make them fast by 

 the head so they cannot run back. Before com- 

 mencing operations, get a good, toogh gad, then, 

 while one milks, have one stand behind her, gad 

 in band, and, every time she kicks, give her one 

 good, smart blow around the leg that the kicks 

 with, and ebe will soon give it up. I never knew it 



.fail. 



8. I>. 



WHEAT IN W16C0N8IH 



Missbs. Eds.:— We have in this portion of our 

 wheat-growing State, a light wheat crop. It is true 

 that many fields have yielded one-third of a crop- 

 that is such as we term "a good yield" — and some 

 crops have been so extremely light that they 

 would not warrant pay for harvesting — consequent- 

 ly have been left to go the way from whence they 

 came— back to earth. Other fields in cIobc prox- 

 imity, upon the same quality of soil and under no 

 better state of cultivation and attendance, bring 

 forth good yields. These things may seem strange 

 to some — in fact to all such as place the cause of 

 our failure in the season, wet and drouth, &c. But 

 these things are plain when looked at compara 

 tively and connected with facts that meet the 

 observing. That our season has been unfavorable 

 — that we have had the extremes of wet and 

 drouth — and that these have been an injury to all 

 kinds of wheat I do not deny; but that these are 

 tbe only or even the principal reasons, I can in no- 

 wise admit, for facts are against it Wheat here, 

 as in many other places, has been our staple pro- 

 duct, — the cash product — the one upon which too 

 many farmers have almost solely depended to meet 

 their cash obligations. Many have been bo intent 

 upon and bound up in wheatgrowing that they 

 have literally run the thing into the ground— 

 they have neglected to give heed to tbe laws that 

 govern and which must be complied with in order 

 to secure a fair recompense for labor. Botation in 

 crops and change of seed have been placed among 

 things of the past The Club variety of wheat has 

 been sown in this vicinity for a term of eight or 

 nine years in succession, and has, I believe, given 

 universal satisfaction until this year; and here lies 

 the cause, — it 1b fairly run out 



We find that the Fife wheat (a new varieiy with 

 us)bas almost Invariably yielded a good crop, even 

 this year, while the Club sown side by side with the 

 Fife, was an entire railure. I am firmly of the 

 opinion that if tho Fife or some other new variety 

 of wheat had been sown last spring instead of the 

 Club, we should have been favored with a good 

 yield, and the cry of poor wheat we should not 

 have heard. Experience is a thorough teacher. 



AGRICULTURE LN ALLEGANY COUNTY. 



Ens. Bubal: — As I have never seen any com- 

 munications from farmers in this section, I tho't 

 I would venture to address a few lines to yon, pre- 

 Burning that yon are friendly to every man that 

 holds the plow or drives. You will see by my ad- 

 dress I nm one of the class formerly called "leek- 

 diggers," but since the products of our county 

 have been seen coming down the Genesee Valley 

 Canal— such as butter, cheese, pork, flour, Ac. — I 

 think some people have had reason to alter their 

 minds as to our occupation. 



I have been a resident of Cuba most of the time 

 Bince 1824, and I think I em pretty well prepared 

 to judge of its agricultural products. I do not 

 think Cuba the best town in the State, but I do 

 think it ue good as they will average. All we 

 want is to suit our business to our county. I think 

 dairying is the most profitable for us in the South- 

 ern Tier, though we can roue grain. I will give 

 you some specimens. I have grown wheat o 

 lot of twelve acres eight years in succession, 

 smallest yield was twelve and a half bushels per 

 acre, and the largest twenty-one bushels, v< 

 wheat sown on summer fallow. The other i 

 cropp, spring wheat, land plowed once, generally 

 in the fait Our climate is improving for 

 Twenty years ago, people told us we could i 

 raise corn in Cuba; the reply was, we know it, but 

 we know differently now. Experience has ahown 

 us that we can grow fifty bushels per acre. 



Cuba, Alleg. Co,, N. Y., 1858. AaiL L. BtOWES. 



When ako Whbrs Debt Plowiko is Bjuib.fi- 

 cial.— An English paper discusses this subject at 

 some length, and the points brought outwill inter- 

 est and instruct American readers. We condense 

 them in the paragraphs below: 



Deep plowing is most effectual in autumn, ex- 

 posing tho soil to the Influence of frost, rain, and 

 air, during the winter, which act upon the miner- 

 al ingredients of the soil, rendering them available 

 for succeeding crops; also, pulverizing the soil, 

 and thus facilitating the passage of the roots into 

 tbe subsolL As regards the period of the rotation, 

 it should preceed root crops, (or, in this country, 

 Indian corn,) or maybe the first plowing for fal- 

 lowing preparatory to the wheat crop. 



Deep plowing is most beneficial te stiff clays, 

 and, as a rule, we may plow deep when the eubsoll 

 is of the same character as the surface, if bot 

 tenacious, or when the subsoil is composed of 

 good clay, only requiring atmospheric influ 

 to sweeten it Deepcultivationabouldbe avoided 

 in nearly all very light soils, and in plowing for 

 crops after large applications of manure, thus 

 burying It too deeply; or in turning under clover 

 or other gTeen crops. Deep plowing in autumn, 

 on most clays, Is equal to a half dressing of manore. 

 Clay from which the air ia excluded, exhibits a 

 dark bluish color. After draining, it is not advi- 

 sable to bring to the surface more tban two inches 

 of clay Bubsoil at a time, otherwise more Is brought 

 up than the frost, Ac, can fit for growing good 



rant to build a 

 iuIJ give plans, 

 with expenseVic Would not iron be cheaper in 

 the end than weod?— have seen advertisements in 

 the RntAL of iron railing for cemeteries, but noth- 

 ing said in particular about fencing. If thc-y have 

 any for that purpose, wish they would send me cir- 

 culars with designs and prices.— E. H, Weioht, 

 MiUtm Cam., 1W8. 



Jural Msrilktm 



Mqkbob Cockty Faih — The Annual Fair of the 

 Monroe Co. Ag. Society, held last week— Sept. lith 

 h, four days— opened with favorable weather 

 good attendance, promising a MHactor; 

 display and successful result Tho entries were 

 large, about L5C0, and the exhibition unusually 

 flue in many departments. But a storm occurred 

 Wednesday, tbe first regalar exhibition day, 

 which caused many exhibitors to remove their an- 

 and articles from the Fair Grounds, and ma- 

 terislly lessened the variety and interest of the 

 show, as well as the attendance. The forenoon of 

 Thursday was also lnaaipicicu?, the clouds and 

 wind indicating bad weather. Tbe third day like- 

 wise opened unfavorably, tbe wind and clouds por- 

 tending bad weather — preventing many from at- 

 tending, and also the return of stock and articles 

 which had been removed. Thus the Fair was 1b- 

 -• greatly its- 

 sened.'on what.had promised to he" tbe beat days. 

 Vet, notwithstanding tho unpropltious weather, the 

 Fair was numerously attended throughout, the ex- 

 hibition large and fine in most classes, and the re- 

 salt a decided success, pecuniarily— in all respects 

 better than could reasonably have been anticipated. 

 Of the management It does not become us to 

 speak; and we refer those interested to tho local 

 papers for accounts of tbe various features of the 

 Fair, premiums awarded, dm The Address by 

 Hon. T. C. Peters, of Genesee, on the last day, was 

 heard by a numerous and intelligent audience with 

 great apparent satisfaction, and universally pro- 

 nounced able, practical and appropriate to the oc- 

 casion. We understand Mr. P. is prepared to de- 

 liver addressee at other Fairs, and think any 

 Society securing bis services will be peculiarly 



— The aggregate receipts were r about 52,700, 

 which will leave a handsome surplus, over the ex- 

 penses, to be appropriated towards paying for the 

 Society's Grounds and improvements. Tula is a 

 most gratifying result and certainly exceedB what 

 was expected under the circumstances. 



"Spelt" Wbbat. — Mr. Geob'.b B. Lbokakd, of 

 Kendall, Orleans Co., N. Y., during the post season 

 grew some of this variety of wheat, which is said 

 to be proof against the insect now destroying tbe 

 prospect of wheat growersin this section. Chance 

 sown heads of common wheat growing in tbo field 

 with the "Spelt," were ruined, while the latter 

 waB untouched. The name "Spelt" is given gen- 

 erally to all wheat In which the grain adheres to 

 the chaff. There are two or three varieties of this 

 character. We should judge that of Mr. Leonard 

 belongB to tbe order T. Bicornb— the Larger 

 Spell —or Zea of aome authors, T.Spelta of others, 

 and is thus described:— "Spikelets on alternate 

 notches, at a considerable distance from each 

 other, and smaller than in T. vulgare, each with 

 two or three, or rarely four perfect florets, besides 

 the barren terminal one; the outer glume and 

 palee very broadly truncate at tbe top, and notched 

 or angled on each side of the point or awn, which 

 is very slender; the grain when ripe, adhering 

 closely to the obaff or poles.'' 



Another Horse Faib. — The "Young Men'a 

 Club," of Elmira, announce a " Great Horeo Fair," 

 to be held Bept 2'Jth and 30th, and Oct. lBt Thoy 

 offer $1,000 in premiums, and open competition to 

 all the U. S. and Canadae. Those who remember 

 tbe result of the Exhibition of the " Young Men's 

 National Ag'l and Mechanics' Society," at Elmira, 

 last year, will not be likely to favor this project. It 

 Is proper to state, however, that the new Club Is 

 composed of responsible citizens of Elmira, who 

 guarantee tbe payment of tho premiums offered, 

 and repudiate tbe management of tbe National 

 Society. 



Liquid Manure.— Firn, at W. Eraser, of Tren- 

 ton, Oneido, Co., writes to the Journal oj the K Y. 

 State Ag. Society as follows:—" No less than seven 

 thousand barrels of Liquid Manure was distributed 

 over meadows in this county last spring; and in 

 no instance but it has doubled the growth of 

 grass, and in fact there Is not a farmer round here 

 but has his stable fixed to collect it. I have no 

 doubt but next spring there will be over twenty 

 thousand barrels used." Tbe Oneida farmerB have 

 taken a step in the right direction, and the move- 

 ment is worthy of imitation by the agriculturists 

 of the entire country. May they take pattern 

 from the Oneidas, and that right quickly! 



A '■Chktcby' 1 Team.— At the National Horse 

 Show, held atSpringneld, Mass., Bept H— 17, a four 

 horse team,— tbe combined ages of which are one 

 hundred and two years, were on exhibition. The 

 oldest of tbe four is thirty years, and the youngeit 

 twenty-two. ThlB team is tbe property of Lewis 

 B. Brown, of New York. The Boston Traveller re- 

 marks concerning them, "they are still far from 

 unserviceable, and apparently as fresh as when 

 exhibited one year ago." 



State Ao. Co llsob.- According to the Ovid 

 Bee the contract for building the two aouth wings 

 of the Agricultural College, (the transverse wing 

 58 feet by 128, and the lateral wing CO by Si feet,) 

 has been agreed upon between the Building Com- 

 mittee and Thomas Crawfobd, of Geneva. The 

 Bee states that it is the intention of the contractor 

 to commence the work Immediately, and drive it 

 on to completion. 



Ijipbotbd Auebican Blacx Rabfeeeev. — We 

 have received from H. H. Doolittle, the Black 

 Raspberry grower of 0ak3 Corners, an illustrated 

 pamphlet, giving "the principles that governed 

 him In attempting a positive and permanent Im- 

 provement of the American Black Raspberry-'' In. 

 a few weeks we wiU give a synopsis of this work. 

 Mr. D.'s advertisement will be found m the pres- 

 ent number. 



Thi Illkoi. Stat* Fi.«-»'f |"' "" k - " 

 OuMlH, WB. . g..»t .occ.s.. i l"-"^ '"»»■" 

 of It. from .1 .H.»U«e c.rrt.pt,"'"'". »« «c»«d 

 while clo.i=g Ihi. numb" °< ,be *7"L tor p,e» 



jg WIS DUUJ^r " — 



-esaarily deferred unUl our tseu' 



reek. 



