TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 



"PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 



(SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 



YOL IX. NO. 41. i 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, OCTOBER 9, 1858. 



i WHOLE NO. 457. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



CONDUCTED BV B. D. T. 1IIIIIRE, 



toai fjPw^mfett. 



WHAT IS GARGET! 



At no time since the first issue of the IU'BAL,hr 

 we had as maDy inquiries relative to the diseases 

 ferred to by our correspondent as during the pr 

 ent year; andbis belief that " the milk of unhealthy 

 cows la not exclusively nsed aa an article of "city 

 nonrlshsDAut,' 1 corteiniy pw^wn 

 That part of medicine which explain? tho natnre of 

 diseases affecting oar domestic animals, their 

 causes, and remedies, is hidden in much darkness; 

 bnt the importance of these co-workers with man 

 it fast being properly appreciated, and this, taken 

 in connection with the fact that men of clear 

 minds, — men enthusiastic in their chosen profes- 

 sion,— aro philanthropically devoting themselves 

 to the perfecting of a Materia IHMfca specially 

 adapted to the wants of the brute creation, gives 

 ni glowing hopes for the future. Day by day 

 these individuals are gaining the strength which 

 knowledge alone can give — and we hope the agri- 

 cultural proas will soon he enabled to chronicle the 

 downfall of empiricism and barbarity. The times 

 demand a rational method of medication founded 

 upon physiological laws, a correct system of thera- 

 peutics, pathology and chemistry,— without these, 

 success is a myth — the most arduous and severe 

 labor will accomplish literally nothing. 



Il a disease attacking tho internal portion 

 of the adder — one of the teats or the quarters be- 

 comes enlarged, hot and tender, — it soon begins to 

 feel hard, is knotty, containing within It email, dis- 

 litir.t. hardened (amors or kernels. The disease 

 spreads, and other portions assume the same cbs 

 acter. The millt coagulates, aud where it lodgi 

 local Inflammation ensues. Young cows, aft< 

 their first calving, are particularly subject to i 

 attack, especially when in high condition. A 

 greater or less degree of fever is usually attendant. 

 Garget may be classed among maladies of an m 



The symptoms attending general inflammations 

 (though all may not be present in every casi 

 Milling, rtdneir, pan and hnL The nulling II 

 caused by distension of the veigeUt of the part, at 

 the outset, bnt effusions from the surface after- 

 wards take place. Rtdnett is the result of a sur- 

 plus quantity of blood boing present in the vessels. 

 Pain is produced by the pressure of the enlarged 

 vesjchi upon the nerves of sensation. //. 

 invariable symptom of inflammation, Is owing to the 

 development of more than an ordinary amon; 

 ■ from the presence of au utmnnaj ijii.l 

 tiiy o! arterial blood. The part inflamed Is mo 

 abondinOy supplied with blood than when in 

 healthy condition, — if the inflammation Is n 

 suppressed the blood vessels become enlarged and 

 nlargunent often resells. 

 The cauaea Tor inflsmmatloo i„ the disease under 

 consideration are varlon*. G»rget mfl ybebronght 

 on by exposure of the animal to cold and i 

 the timo or, or soon after, pailmltion.ud by high 

 condition. Haatily drjing a cow has produced 

 indurations not easily removed. Lying upon ar 

 braising the udder la another cause. A ao , n 

 source of this evil — and, probably, the most fro 

 ful one, — U the careless habit of not milking i 

 cow clean, leaving a quantity of milk In the bag 

 irritate and inflame. 



Iiitlimmation la succeeded by nppuration — the 

 formation of pus, or matter. The sequel of In- 

 flammation la exhibited by ulceration,— the absorp- 

 tion and removal of substance — being Illustrated 

 by an abscess. fleers may occur in cattle both 

 when In health and diseased, and may be preceded 

 or not by roppamion; in the former case it soon 



heals, in the latter i 



i apt to spread and i 



atmeht—lto tho early stages of this disease, 

 oat ellectual remedy is to place the calf with 

 the mother, that il may suck and knock about the 

 odder at pleasure. Relief, in most cases, soon fol- 

 the milk flows dispersing all lumps. Should 

 the inflammation continue, or the bsg be so tender 

 that the cow will not permit the calf to suck; and, 

 ially, should the fever increase and the cow 

 i to eat, or cease to ruminate, and the milk 

 ne discolored and mixed with matter and 

 blood, then the cafe must receive immediate atten- 





physic administered, tho ndder well fomented, the 

 milk drawn gently but completely off, at least twice 

 day, and an ointment, composed of the fol- 

 lowing ingredients, as thoroughly rubbed into the 

 bag aa the cow will permit Soft soap, one pound ; 

 mercurial ointment, two ounces; camphor, rubbed 

 down with a little spirit of wine, one ounce — rub 

 together. Apply after every milking, the od- 

 der being well fomented with warm water, and the 

 i of the ointment washed off before the 



b foregoing fails to speedily remove the 

 disease, iodine must be resorted to. Although io- 

 dine often baa admirable effects in diminishing 

 glandular enlargements, there is on objection to its 

 iquent use — It occasionally acts upon end dimtn- 

 ies the gland itself. The mode of application is 

 ternal, in the form of an ointment (one part of 

 the hydriodate of potash being incorporated with 

 seven parts of lard) one or two drachms (about the 

 size of a filbert) of which should be rubbed into 

 the diseased portion of the udder morning and 

 night. Doses of the bjdriodaie may daily be given 

 internally with a little gruel, gradually increasing 

 ., a >■■■'• drains. 



■ ie process the udder must be c!o ; elv 

 watched, as matter will begin to form, and it 

 should be speedily removed. If suffered to work 

 its own way to the surface, large, irregular ulcers, 

 difficult to heal, will be formed. Whenever there is 

 the. appearance of suppuration the diseased part 

 should be freely and deeply lanced. 



While the disease ia in progress the bowels 

 should be kept open, ami for this purpose take hall' 

 doses of the following: — Epsom salLr, one pound; 

 powdered caraway seed*, half an oonce. Dissolve 

 in a quart of warm grueL A fever drink composed 

 of emetic tartar, one drachm; powdered digital!?, 

 half a drachm; nitre, three drachms— mix and give 

 in a quart of tolerably thick gruel. A drink more 

 decidedly diuretic is made of powdered nitre, one 

 ounce; powdered resin, two ounces; ginger, two 

 drachma— mix well together in a little molasses 

 and give in warm gruel. This latter drink it will 

 be well to continue for two or three weeks after all 

 bloody discharges have ceased. 



recommended by Dr. Dado 



ngly f 



: the I 



i hot i 



.ith t 







elder or camomile flowers, at the same time draw- 

 ing in the moat gentle manner, a small quantity of 

 milk. lie then giveB an aperient — one pint of lin- 

 seed oil and the yolks of two e^gs, or one pint of 

 sweet oil and hall a teaspoonful ol cayenne pepper 

 —and keeps the animal on light diet. If there is 

 danger of matter forming, rub the bsg with equal 

 parts of goose oil and hot drops. If the ports are 

 exceedingly painful, a wash of weak lye, or wood 

 ashes, oraal soda, is recommended. If necessity 

 compels the use of the lancet, after the matter is 

 evacuated the part is wished clean and a stimula- 

 ting tiniment applied. 



We have thus glanced at the 040804 and various 

 modes of treatment for tbis painful disease, and 

 though there arc a thousand so-called remedies 

 put forth aa curatives by cow doctors and others 

 throughout the country, the coarse we have no- 

 ticed can lay some claim to regularity. We doubt 

 not that either of the modes prescribed 

 ! meet all the Objects the 

 of wlruh is desired. 



KANAGEMEflT OF STUBBLE PIEI.LS. 



a question of interest, and yet one which receives 

 very little attention. Very often they are allowed 

 to perfect a crop of weeds, rilling the land with 

 foul seeds, ar.d injuring largely the crops which 

 follow, or entailing serious increase of labor in 

 their cultivation. A better way would be to plow 

 under this growth, aa it would clean the land and 

 benedt the soil, but a moro thorough system iathat 

 commended by Mr. Hcudabd, of Hampshire, Co., 

 Mass., in a communication to the County Ag. So- 

 ciety, some years ago. He would plow soon after 

 harvest, and sow on a crop of rye,— a light seeding 

 only being necessary. 



Among the benefits of the practice are these:— 

 The fall feed, which will pay for the seed and plow- 

 toe spring, equai to five or six loads of manure 

 per acre. Autumn plowing, pulverizing the land. 



and saving more in fitting it for the crop, or in 

 first hoeing, than all it cost the year before. The 

 destruction of the seed* of noxious weeds, turned 

 under before they ripen. A deepening of the soil — 

 the team being well rested from the spring's work 

 take hold with a will aud are better aUe to turn a 

 good farrow than in spriog plowing. These re- 

 marks apply more particularly to light and sandy 

 soils. Our heavy lands would be too hard, In our 

 dry seasons, for early autumn plowing, nor are they 

 well tutted to tho production of rye, or constant 

 dropping, But light lands, so treated, would pro- 

 duce a heavier crop of iorn, roots, or spring grain, 

 with the same manure, than if allowed to remain 

 nutilled lu autumn. 



THE POTATO CHOP. 



Tde 30th nit., we spi.nl among the potato fields 

 and growers of this section. We do not think 

 half as many potatoes are grown in the same ex- 

 tent of territory, in any other place, as within 

 twelve or fifteen, miles of this city. There are 



Why . 





attention, in the first place, Ibis was the famous 

 wheat section. Here we raised the world-renown- 

 ed Genesee, and our clrj was known as tho Flour 

 City. When thin crop (ailed, the potato seemed to 

 furnish the most available substitute, and niaoy 

 engaged in their culture &s a main crop. This 

 fact becoming known, our city soon became the 

 resort of purchasers for the New York market 

 The price paid has been each as to make this crop 

 highly remunerative, not averaging less than seven- 

 ty-live cents a bushel for the last five years, and 

 thie, of course, has had its influence in stimulating 

 the production. Most of the laud, lying north of 

 the city, and between it and the shores of Lake 

 Ontario, is light 



tho potato in a healthy condition, and it is no 

 strange thing to find farmers in this section, whose 

 almost sole dependence is upon the potato, grow- 

 ing from twenty acres upwards. 



Oar growers areas much affected by the tastes and 

 notions of the consumers in New Turk, as though 

 they were in its immediate vicinity, for, of course, 

 the purchasers buy to suit their customers, and the 

 Mercer, which is a favorite sort, will sell for at 

 least one-third moro than most other kinds. This 

 variety, however, yields but poorly, and is the must 

 subjeet to tho rot, aud any variety that would pos- 

 sess its good qualities without its bad woold be a 

 great acquisition. Some of our groweta are try- 

 ing to get such a variety from seed. 



The crop the present Beason is very light, the 

 potatoes small in size and of poor quality. The 

 tops were cut down by the blight, i which Mr. Hbn- 

 uBiisoN says ia the insect,) before the tubers were 

 half grown. We saw potatoes that were planted 

 the first of June, its dead the middle of August on 

 though thoy had endured a week's bard frost The 

 tubers thus suddenly stopped iu their growth, ore 

 not of good quality, some seem to have partially 

 ripened, while others appear as unripe as we would 

 expect to find tbeiu at the first of August, with the 

 tops all growing. Some ore rotting, though the 

 rot is not very general on light land. The speci- 

 mens affected seem to be very badly diseased, some 

 being half, others entirely destroyed. Notwith. 

 standing the poorness of tbe crop, potatoes have- 

 not been as cheap for many years as at present — 

 Growers, especially those whose land is a little 

 heavy are afraid to frost them over the wiuter, ami 

 force them upon the market. The result It, the; 

 are now Belling at from twenty to thirty five cents 

 per bushel. If the orop, however, is not better in 

 other sections than here, tbey mast bring a high 

 price in the winter or spring. 



We have been very much interested this season 

 in watching about thirty varieties of potatoes, 

 raised from seed, byGlOHQl Vk-k, about live mile, 

 from this city. The seed was sown two years ago 

 this spring. Hia object was to raise a potato as 

 good as the Sferr.tr, one that would bring as high 

 a price in the New York market, and yield a good 

 crop. The Mercer, it is known, ia a poor bearer, 

 and although it sells higher than most sorts, is not, 

 therefore, very profitable. The seed was obtained 

 from Mercers, Scotch Greys, and several other 

 sorts. This spring tbe seedlings were planted care- 

 fully, and labeled, and in a short time we expect 

 to see some interesting results. But, what attract- 

 ed our particular attention, was the different de- 

 grees of Injury tho leaves and tender shoots 

 had received from the insect A portion of 

 them have their leaves and tops slightly in- 

 jured, some are injured quite badly, while 

 the haulms of others were destroyed, almost 

 entirely, quite early in the season. Then, there are 

 others entirely uninjured, and as sound and healthy 

 aa could be desired. Is it net singular that the In- 

 sect shows such a nice taste? Whether or not an 

 insect causes the rot, there can be no question but 

 that the insect before referred to injures the 

 haulms. We have sad proof of this in the destruc- 

 tion of our Dahlias, by the same enemy. 



The past Spring J. Rapaxje presented ns with 

 two large, whitish potatoes of something of a 



ARAIJIAN ITOUSR "TARTAU." 



Fixe horses are nlwayfl popular and admired, bnt 



this popularity and admiration seen) 



during the season of Pairs, when so many superior 

 specimens of the equine ruce are exhibited to ad- 

 vantage. The present is, therefore, the season to 

 talk and read about the best breeds, an 



■ 

 weoffdr no apology for devoting mors than usual 

 attention to portraying and describing representa- 

 tive horses. Two or three weeks ago we gave a 

 portrait of en English Draft Horse, aud talked 

 somewhat of tbat elephantine breed; and we now 

 represent a pure blood Arabian, and converse of 

 his family relatione. 



We give an excellent portrait of tho Arabian 

 Horee " Tartar," sired by tho celebrated "Iniaum'' — 

 a pure Arabian stallion, presented by the Sultan of 

 Muscat, to Mr. Pjkgree, of Salem, Mass., and said 

 to have been selected as the best of a stud of one 

 hundred favorite horses. "Tartar 1 ' was bred by 

 Asa Pingbbe, of Topsfield, Mass., and was subse- 

 quently owned by J. S. Leavitt, Esq,, of Salem. 

 The unnatural and cruel manner in which his 

 beautiful head is curbed in, is a decided blemish- 

 while bis back is somewhat low, and longer than 

 accords with our idea of strength and symmetry, 

 though for speed it is not an objection. The best 

 points which tho engraving displays are the head, 

 (which we consider superlatively beautiful,) tbe 

 well arched and exquisitely tet on neck, the large, 

 well developed, muscular quartets, and strong flat 

 lege, short from the knee to the felloe:; 



Tho Arabian horses are known to be the swiftest, 

 hardiest and gentlest in the woild, end though It 

 is averred that BBUperioi ", 

 Bold out Of tti 



ported into Europe, have Mumped indelibly their 

 valuable cbaraet eristics en tbe breed* crn^ed with 

 them. The modern English racer ewes some of his 

 best qualities to Arabian blood. According to Mr. 

 I.avahd, there are five distinct breeds of Arabian 



horses, whloh are *nid to descend from tho five fa- 

 vorite marcs of Mahomet. The pedigrees of their 

 horses are keptwith then. ■ 



Tho mares are considered most valuable. A Bo- 



■i'li everything rather than tell Ms 



mure. They frequently fetch as much as $5,000. 



. . 

 sebiom reaching fifteen. They sre never placed 

 under shelter during the intense heat of an Arabian 

 summer, nor protected from the biting cold of tho 

 desert winds of winter. The saddlo is rarely taken 

 from their back?, nor are they ever cleaned or 

 groomed. Thae, apparently neglected, they are 

 but skin and bones, and one ia surprised at a:elug 

 an animal he would scarcely ride home, valued al- 

 most beyond price. Although docile as a lamb, 

 and requiting no other guide than the halter, when 

 tbe Arab mare bears the war cry of her tribe, and 

 sees the quivering spear of her rider, her eyes glit- 

 ter with fire, her blood red nostrils open wide, her 

 neck is nobly arched, and her mnno aud tail are 

 stretahedontto the wind. The Bedouin proverb 

 says tbat a highbred mare when at foil speed, 

 should hide her rider between her neck and tail. 



They are so particular about pedigrees, that 

 when a horse falls into the hands of an Arab, bis 

 first thought Is how to ascertain Ita descent If the 

 owner be dismounted in battle, or If ho oven be 

 about to receive bis death blow from hla enemy, he 

 will frequently excbiito, "Pellani nob a out),) tho 

 mare that fate has given you is of noble blood."— 

 He then describes her breed, and tells who owned 

 and rode her dam. After a battle or foray, the 

 tribes who have taken hordes from tho enemy, will 

 send an envoy to afk their breed, and the person 

 bo chosen, passes f rum tent to tent unharmed, hear- 

 ing from each man, aa he eats his bread, the de- 

 scent and qualities of tbe horse be may have lost 

 We may learn a lesson from the Arabia ntsnrd to 

 pnrity of blood, which we, with sll our Boasted 

 knowledge and improvements, are apt to forget 



kidney shape, with pink eyes, which he called tbe 

 Mammoth Pink Eye. The sort was se.it him i\ 

 years previous by a gentleman of Washing* 

 county. Liking their appearance we gave them 

 to one of our potato growers who cut them 

 forty pieces, as they contained this number of 

 eye*, and planted each piece in a hilL We exam- 

 ined them when growing, In u field of ten acres, 

 containing several of the best sorts, and yesterday, 

 the last day of September, dug several of the hills, 

 and they are the largest, most productive, and ap- 

 parently the most healthy of any that we have seeD, 

 equalling the Merino in vigor and productiveness. 

 K the quality is fair, which we are informed it [a, 

 this sort must be a great acquisition. Some good 

 judges who tried them last year are lond in their 

 praise. The Engluh Fluke aud some other prom- 

 ising new sorts are rotting badly. 



The following communication from Mr, Hen- 

 dzesos, has been crowded out several weeks. It 

 can do no harm, aud we think will do good, to 

 heed his counsel, given in a previous number, and 

 dry thoroughly all potatoes before housing. 



Eds. Hcbai,:— Since I visited Rochester, in the 

 beginning of August, I have traveled over sixteen 

 hundred mil03 in different parts of tbe country, 

 viaiting during that time over five hundred potato 

 fields, and in every particular have my previous 

 Investigations been verified. Ibavenotfound one 

 farmer who doubted. The matter ia so plain that 

 the simplest individoal can see and understand 

 how tbe rot Is produced. I found the earlier 

 lanted potatoes were very much affected; for in- 



stance, those planted in the month of March at 

 Plat Bash, Long Island, were bo much diseased In 

 the beginning of August, that from one third to 

 one half were left on the ground at digging. Tho 

 smallest young insects, such a3 we examined to- 

 gether in Rochester, were very numerous on the 

 decaying tubers under ground. 

 Your paper of the 2Lft August, is before me, 



statement that from tbe earliest timo*. tbe farmers 

 have found the Insect referred to infesting their 

 potato fields, and have consequently given It the 



the Phytocoris before I pointed it 

 out to him. The Potato Bug, so called by the 

 farmers, is an entirely different insect having no 

 proboscis, and injures the leaves in the early part 

 of the season by eating them, but no 

 duced. I did find one storekeeper ou Long Island 

 who had seen the Pnytoeorit on some of his pota- 

 toes growing in his garden, bnt did not know what 

 injury It was doing. 



To tbe second question, I think S. S. Batbvon's 

 letter is a complete answer, for ho there states that 

 he has foreign specimens which resemble tbe 

 PhytocorU, which he calls P. p r ,-,t. ■„,,.. ,u ) our 

 remarks you say that you think tbat Dr. Sm« & oeB 

 describe, In his work on the potato disease, an in- 

 very much like this in form, bobite, Ac In 

 that you were not mistaken. Mr. Shim, in para- 

 graph 245, says that " a very small l" ect wt >loh la 



instantly tobe seen upon tubers, isaamall^raruji, 

 which runs about tbe potato very nimbly. There 



