TWO IHII.I.AUS A YEAR.) 



"PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FIVE GENTS. 



VOL. IX. NO. ft.1 



ROGHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, OCTOBER IG, 1858. 



{WHOLE NO. 458. 



KOOKE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



Agricultural, Literary and Family newspaper. 



CO.WCTED BI B. B. T. JIOORE, 



ftoral Iffv-fmlei. 



AOTUMH HIHTS. 



Th8 people of this country are highly favored 

 with beautiful full weather. Oar springs are change- 

 able, generally wet, cold Bud unpleasant, and Bum- 

 mer with Its bright Buoahine, ita intense bear, makes 

 its advent suddenly. Those who are so disposed 

 may complain of the damp and chills of spring, the 

 heat of summer and the cold of winter, hot no one 

 can any aught against onr aotumn weather. To 

 say It la beautiful give* no idea of the glory of the 

 American fall, and the gorgeousness of onr autumn 

 scenery. The trees are just patting on their rich 

 autumn dress,— the Virginia deeper covers the 

 trunks of the tall trees with its brilliant scarlet 

 foliage, while the Somachs in the hedge-rows and 

 around the fences make the fields look as if sur- 

 ronnded with a belt of Ore. The oaks, too, are as' 

 Burning a golden hue, and the maples have put on 

 a colored dress more rloh, more brilliant, than any 

 lady in the land can boast. Then the mellow haze 

 of the otmospkero softens all these bright colors, 

 and presents a scene more glorions than poet can 

 describe or painter portray. Look up, ye dwellers 

 In the country — enjoy the feaat of beauty which a 

 kind Father has provided for you — and thank the 

 Giver of all Good that you have so glorions a 

 heritage. 



This floe weather we may not only enjoy, bnt we 

 can ute it to good advantage. It is just right for 

 work — neither too hot nor toocold, andwestarted 

 to give only a bint or two, just to call to mind what 

 ought to he done, or what might be done, at this 

 time, when wo were rather involuntarily led to 

 make the remarks above. We have just returned 

 from the State Fair, and from rambling about tbe 

 country, and a visit to the country in the fall, 

 always fills our head with Just such thoughts, and 

 we find ourselves getting them on paper uncon- 

 sciously, at every convenient and inconvenient 

 opportunity. In a week or two we shall become 

 settled down again. 



The past summer has been favorable for the 

 lipenlng of all klnda of products. Fruits diffionlt 

 to ripen have been more perfect this fall than we 

 have known them for many yearn Com is safe, 

 everywhere, we believe. All that is now needed Is 

 to hoak and house safely. The fodder, too, will be 

 In good condition generally. We have bad some 

 sharp frosts here, but not enough to Injure tbe 

 stalks. Passing through Oneida county on the 

 railroad on the 13th of September lost, we noticed 

 that corn-stalks wero badly injured by a frost thai 

 bad taken place some time previously. Take care 

 of all the fodder. Things that seem of little conse- 

 quence, hardly worth saving now, will assume en 

 importance jou little suspect before spring, espe- 

 ciully if the winter should be long and tedious. 



1'vtatof should be got out of the groond now, as 

 soon as possible. Hundreds of bushels are every 

 year lost in this neighborhood by delaying digging 

 " '"*• that they cannot be safely housed be- 

 Above all things, thoroughly dry 

 burjlng or putting in the cellar. 

 10 more than yon think neceasary. 

 benefit of this, house a small pile 

 a the ground. 

 « fattening. It takes a 

 a pound of pork 



fore hard 



potatoes befoi 



Dry them a little- more 



JnBtto try the benefit c 



damp, as they are dug r t 



The pigs should now 

 good deal more of food to 

 In cold weather than during 

 gathering crops there Is a good deal 

 will be fine for hogs, especially ,r cooked and" 

 mixed with a little meal, that could not be need 

 very well In any other way. We need not particu- 

 larize. Every farmer wilt understand. 



Almost All roots make a good grawth quite late 

 in tbe fall, therefore, it is dealrable to leave them 

 In the ground as long as possible, particularly if 

 they were planted rather late, and have not, there- 

 fore, made a desirable growth. It is better, bow- 

 ever, to take them np a little too early than too 

 late, and delays at this time of the year are very 

 dangerous, hiometlmea winter sets in suddenly 

 and unexpectedly. It is alwaya well to be prepar- 

 ed for winter asoarly as possible. Ilisevery good 

 plan to commence digging pretty early, where 

 praollcable, and continue digging a few every day 



as the stock can ooasume the tops, 

 i good deal of value. Lost season a 

 re as an estimate of tbe value of the 

 > of carrots and rut* bagos, wblch he 

 a large we thought 



readers. We did i 

 We shall contim 

 command more space. 





HEW YORK STATE FAIR. 



Tm Annual Exhibition of tbe N. T. State Agri 

 cultural Society, held at Syracuse, Oct Bib. to Bit 

 inclusive, opened auspiciously and was in umnj 

 respects a decided success. Having, in connec- 

 tion with onr assistants, taken very full notes oi 

 tbe show In its virions departments, we shall en 

 deavor to give, In this and the next number of the 

 Rural, a synopsis of tbe most prominen 

 noteworthy features of the whole Exhlbitioi 

 as Iho main portion of onr present article is; 

 earily written and put to press before the cl 

 the Fair, we cannot give so connected and 

 pleto a report as is desirable. 



The fine weather on the first and second days 

 induced a large attendance of exhibitors an 

 .tore, and we believe the receipts were greater than 

 daring the corresponding period of last year. The 

 ipaoiouB grounds and exhibition bnildings 

 well arranged— evincing order and system in the 

 preparations and management. Tbe entries were 

 numerous, and the animals and articles prevented 

 of ench quality, and mostly from each sources — 

 tbe practical Farmers, Mechanics and Manufactu- 

 rers of the State— as to reflect credit upon the 

 skill, industry and ingennfty of the producers rep- 

 resented. All this gave a prestige of success, and 

 "■ of the second day, tbe officers end 

 membttt of tue Society, and others interested in 

 its prosperity and objects, had just cause of con- 

 gratulation upon the result thus fur, and the pros, 

 poet of a triumphant exhibition. The rain storm 

 which commenoed early on Thursday morning, and 

 continued till toward noon, was, however, a great 

 check to tbe anticipated success, and no doubt 

 prevented thousands from attending the Fair. — 

 How seriously this may affect tbe result, or lessen 

 the receipts, we are of course unable to determine. 



In Borne of the principal departments the display 

 at this Fair exceeded that at any previous e 

 tlon of onr own or any other State Society w 

 witnessed. This Is especially true, we think, 

 gard to the Stock and Agricultural Implements 

 and Machinery— the show in each being unusually 

 large, and remarkable for the auperior quality of 

 the animals and articles exhibited. The competi 

 tlon In most classes of these departments was close 

 and spirited, placing the judges, in many instances, 

 in delicate and responsible positions, and of course 

 rendering the awards of premiums a difficult and 

 unenviable task. From what we saw and heard, 

 however, relative to examinations and awards In 

 the Stock Department, we are inclined to believe 

 the premiums wero generally given npon supposed 

 merit and value of the awniaU, rather than the 

 position or influence of their owners, and that 

 Smith's ball and Mr. Plowhandlb's mare were not 

 successful — albeit we heard the remark in one In- 

 stance that " Smith's ball" was in lack, and the 

 ribbons ought to bo changed. 



The display In the various Halls — Floral, Do- 

 mestic, Dairy, Mechanics, Ao. — was generally good, 

 but in several classes, such as Dairy Products ami 

 Flowers, quite inferior to previous exhibitions of 

 the Society. Is this article, and on onr Horticul- 

 tural page, we shall endeavor to make proper men- 

 tion of the most noticeable articles in all deport- 

 ments, under appropriate headings. 



Tbe best part of the whole Fair, In our opinion, 

 was the oAsflUM of great men, par excellence— the 

 National and State officials, and such prominent 

 and forward politicians and place-seekers as fre- 

 quently patronize such exhibitions in order to 

 show themselves to tbe people — and the vrertnet 

 of many of the most progressive, enterprising and 

 influential practicat Farmers, Horticulturists and 

 Manufacturers of the State. We observed that 

 Western New York was very largely represented 

 by this useful class, as were, we presume, most 

 other sections. At no previous Fair have we had 

 the pleasure of meeting so many of tbe active, 

 working friends of Rural Improvement— the men 

 by whom our County and Town Ag. Societies are 

 officered, manned and rendered successful and 

 productive of great good in their respective locali- 

 ties. And it was the presence and voice of such 

 men which rendered the evening discussions at 

 tbe Yoorheea Home and City Hall of snoh pecu- 

 liar interest and value. We have notes of these 

 discussions, and shall endeavor to give thslr sub- 

 stance hereafter. The reader Is bow Invited to ac. 

 company us through the Fair— first noticing the 



Every close f horned cattle was well repre- 

 aented-if any deficiency in number was apparent, 

 the fualui, Tally compensated therefor. In this 

 respect, the New York F*ir was the Exhibition of 



the Nation for the present year, One feature in 

 this Department — tbe splendid dinplay made by 

 those not professional breeder*, the faraur* of the 

 State— must be intensely gratifying to the agricul- 

 tural progressionist 



Short-korru— This breed took precedence, nu- 

 merically speaking, while of a large portion of The 

 onimals shown their owners may well be proud. — 

 8. P. Chapman's bull, " Duke of Oxford"— tbe only 

 sample of his herd not disposed of— attracted 

 much attention. 8. Tnouoi though hie entries 

 were confined to young animals, made a fine show. 

 Ontario Co., was well represented by the bull 

 "Nigel," white, G yearf, owned by Tyler A Tout. 

 Tnos. Richardson, West Farms, West. C<>., bad 

 five beautiful animals— imported and native bred. 

 Wood A Eastman, WoodviUe, J c ff. Co,, made an 

 excellent exhibition. F. Makks, Camillas, pre- 

 seated one of the largest stocks, mostly young 

 animals. Jon* Snell, Hrnmpton, C. W., exhibited 

 a bull and heller which furnished conclusive proof 

 that this breed is in favor with our Canadian 

 friends. Jab. 0. Shbldon, Geneva; J. F. Con- 

 verse, and J. Chadwick, Jefferson; Olitsr Jones, 

 Onondaga; W. Hihst; W. Bollock. Bethlehem, Alb, 

 Co.; J. R, Pajob, Cayuga; E. Cornell, Ithaca; G. 

 Butts, Manilas, Onon, Co ; J. K. Titckeb, Buffilo; 

 A. B. Bskhaii, Tompkins; and a host of others 

 whom we would be glad to name did not space 

 forbid, famished their quota of specimens which 

 could not fail to please the eye and gratify the ad- 

 mirers of Durham blood. 



Dtvoru. — The show of Devons was superb — un- 

 usually fall in Bombers and of prime quality — 

 Among the exhibitors E. G. Fails, West Farms, 

 Westchester Co. ; John Cor?, Freetown, Cort Co. ; 

 C. S. Watnwbigbt, Rhinebr"k Dutchess Co. ; E. G. 

 Cnoic,RuralHill,J»rr.Co.; V. aVarr, Owego, Tioga 

 Co.; J. R, Chapman, Oneida Like, Mad. Co.; G. II 

 A H, Knowlbb, and R. E. A C. Mills, of Onondaga 

 Co., figured conspicuously. Fine animals were 

 also shown by F. H. Ellsworth, Columbia; J. W. 

 Collins, Sodas; M, Parsons, Onondaga; J. D. 

 Eastman and J, Hilton, Oneida. Here, as with 

 the Short-horns, we must pass over a large number 

 of meritorious animals without mention — suffice it 

 to say, no one could have witnessed the display 

 made without being ready to grant for these " red 

 coats" all claimed for them by their most ardent 



Hertford*, — An excellent exposition was made 

 of Herefords by Wh. A. Mills of Mt. Morris, Liv. 

 Co,; M, C. Remington, Cayuga; A. H. Bowrn, Me- 

 dina; E. Corning, Jr., Albany, and others. The 

 bull " Prinoe of Wales,'' exhibited by Jno. Humph- 

 bby's, of Elyria,Ohto, was a model animal in over; 

 respect. The HerefordB elicited much commen- 

 dation. 



Ayrshire?. — S. D. Hungbrfobd, J. Bsodib, and J. 

 F. Convibsb— all of J r flerson Co.— exhibited ani- 

 mals of this blood and a marked amount of atten- 



i world, and 



Grade Cattle were exhibited In goodly numbers 

 — they looked well and doubtless fell aboat as 

 good as those who boast a wonderful scarcity of 

 "plebeian blood" in their veins. Among the 

 prominent exhibitors of Grades and Natives, were 

 Gill of Jell'. Co.; Wh. Hirst; J. Brydbn, Oneida; 

 0. Howland and E. Shbldon, Cayuga; S 

 Low.Ontario; A. B. Bbnham, Tompkins; ' 

 Onondaga. 



Fat Cattle.— "So Buch outrflgoa upon the brute 

 creation, as we have heretofore witnessed at o 

 Agricultural shows, were exhibited at Syracuse.. 

 There were, however, such symptoms of obesity 

 observable, as would create fet-linga of sympathy 

 for tbe animal, had the mercury at all approached 

 the nineties. In this respect, we consider the pres- 

 ent Exhibition a decided improvements — fat piled 

 on fat Is not what is wanted, but that nl. 

 ture which pleases the sense and leaves n 

 ttinnrr — on good terms with "all 

 the rest of mankind." Messrs. J, 

 Erie Co., Elon Shbldon of Cayuga, M. L. Wilcox 

 of Oswego, C. Walkbb of Genesee, C. Gbib of 

 Onondaga, and others, presented superior animals. 



We expected great things of Onondaga Co. in 

 the display or horses. Magnificent animals ore 

 In profusion— they were on tbe Fair Grounds, 

 bnt ths narrow limits of the horse ring pre- 

 vented what might have been otherwise obtained, 

 splendid exbibttion. Viewing a proud speci- 

 en of horse-flesh in a tightly- boarded stall, or 

 lid the crowd upon the track, " we'll nono of 

 " and there was no other mode at Syracuse, 

 thout devoting the entire day thereto. Wa know 



have done and can do — we would gladly have 



stances prevented, and the pleasurable anticipations 

 connected therewith we were obliged to forego. — 

 Other parts of the State, and especially of Western 

 and Central New York, were well represented In 

 the various classes, as tbe awards will no doubt 

 show. We regret the necessity f so brief a notice 

 of the display In this attractive deportment. 



A PENNSYLVANIA BARN. 



The above design was originally given in A 

 lbn's "Rural Architecture." Ills partially on tl 

 plan of the famous Pennsylvania barns, with son 

 changes which are thonght to be improvement 

 Though given in a former volume of ibe Rtjra 

 it will prove of interest to ninat of our rsudcrs 

 the present time. 



This barn is calculated for a grain and stoi 

 farm — the "mixed husbandry " most profitable 

 many sections of the country. It has under groui 

 stables and a stone walled basement, with sheds ( 

 three sides of the yard. The body of the barn 

 60 by4G feet; the posts 18 feet high above tl 

 sides, tbe roof spreading and gables hooded, bi 

 tho engraving is incorrect in representing the roof 

 as hipped, or gambrel fashion. The large doora 

 are 14. feet high, and double, each seven feet ( 

 A slatted blind window is in each gable, for v 

 latioo, and a door 9 by 6 ieet on the yard side. 



The 

 follows;— A, main floor 19 

 centre of the barn. // H, aro trap-doors, to let hay 

 or straw down to the al!e)S of tbe stables under- 

 neath. B, principal bay 10 feet wide, runs up to 

 roof. C, bay Hi by '!<'• foot, fin* i lie grain mow, 

 eqnired. D, grauory, 13 hy 1(1 feet, and 8 feet 

 high, /^storage room for fanning mill, cutting 

 box, ±0., same 6\zi and height as tho granary. F, 

 is a passage 8 feet wide, to the yard door, through 

 which to throw out Utter. G G.are the large doors. 

 A line of moveable sleepers, or poles, may be laid 

 across the floor, 10 feet above it, so as io add to 

 the capacity of tbe barn for storage of hay and 

 grain, and the ipaoe over the granary, store room, 

 and passage, will of course be used for that purpose. 



The underground plan and yard may be arranged 

 to suit tbe convenience of tho owner, the cut here 

 given divides it uplntostallsforstock,thoogharoot 

 cellar, calf pens, Ac , might occupy a port of the 

 space. At the ends, 1 t, are passages for the stock 

 to go into their stalls; and also on tbe sides, for 

 those who attend them. The main passage through 



e entire double 1 



6 of t 



* IV ft vs 





on each side are double stalls c; feet wide. From 

 tbe two end stalls the cattle passages are five feet 

 wide, the partition between tbe wall tunning back 

 in a stunt, from five feet high at the mangers to 

 the floor, at that distance from the walls. The 

 mangers, j j. bio 2 feet wide, or may be 2j feet by 

 >■ ' ',m '. inches from the back passage. The pas- 

 sage between the mangers, U 3 feet wide, and com- 

 Enucleates with the floor above by trap doors. 



In front of these stables, Is a line of posts, the 

 feet of which rest on large flat stones, and support 

 the outer side of the burn, forming a recess of 12 

 feet in width, under which may be placed a line of 

 racks or maigers for outside cattle, or the manure 

 may be housed under It, which Is removed from 

 stables by wheelbarrows. The two lines of 

 Is may be occupied in ibis way, or used for 

 sheltering carts, Ac, or they may be carried higher 

 thown in the plan, so as to furnish storage 

 for bay and other fodder. 

 'Ill be s-on that a driving way Is built up to 

 the barn doors at the ends, as indeed there always 

 be. It Is hardly necessary to remark, that 

 this bora is designed to stand on a shelving piece 

 ground, or on a slope, which will admit of Its 

 cellar stablea without mnoh excavation of earth; 

 id in each a position it may be economically 

 illt. The size may be expanded or contracted to 

 lit tbe requirements of the farm, and the coat will 

 depond npon this, tbe price of materials, and the 



convenience of procuring t 



■ tie 



Most descriptions of Sheep were represented by 

 splendid specimens, and the numbers were Urge. 

 A. H. Bowbn ; E. G. Cook ; J. F. Convebsb ; 

 Hcnobiu'obd, Bbodib A Co.; LBaoiTT.ofMonroe; 

 Wood A Eajtman, Jeff, Co.; J. I>. Pattebson, 

 Chant. Co.; W. Cd.ambbri.in. Hod Hook, Duicbecs 

 Co.; E. Mabeb; Gbo. Cboss, Dewitt. Onon. Co.; E. 

 izlby, Clinton, Dutchess Co.; Bctts A Blanch- 

 d, Manilas, Onon. Co.; E. Cohnino, Jr ; W. Hat- 

 n, Syracuse; A. Eastman, Ellisburgb, Jtft Co.; 

 E. Rich, Whlllng, and J. T. Sticknbv, Shareham, 

 prominent among exhibitors in thla De- 

 partment S beep- breeders— be tbelr preferences 

 what they may — could 

 display made. 



dly fall being pleased 

 r. Pattbbson's show of 

 French Merinos was large and attractive. 



We were not favorably impressed with the part 

 taken by Porkdom in the vast collection of Domes- 

 ic Animals. We know swine ore much abused; 



ore not "justly appreciated until they are dead;" 

 are reckoned good for nothing except when they 

 have " shuffled off this mortal coil," (if a perform- 

 ance of this latter process would place a naiw upon 

 some of those at Syracuse, the quicker they are 

 introduced to the knight of the knife the better,) 

 but there were samples which had so business 

 upon the groondsof a State Fair. "Small Breeds" 

 were Indeed small, and the "Large Breeds" didn't 

 amount to much. A few good onea were exhibited, 

 but they could not do away with the disgrace that 

 fell npon the class— that were an impossibility— 

 and we would advise their owners never to place 

 them in such bad company again. Some of the 



The show of poultry was very good. We hare 

 seen moch larger, but never more interesting col- 

 lection*. This was tbe opinion forced apon us af- 

 ter a cursory look at the exhibition, and this opln- 



