NOV. 6. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 



361 



®b« (Hiuatct. 



" FERBEYERABTIA VWCIT OKHIA." 



Tms good old L*tin exaggeration, so much 

 rolled c,d by leathers and loaders to stimulate the 

 Industry and ambition of their pupil*. and followers, 

 bealde* helping to effect a great deal of good, bu 

 contributed towards accomplishing a vast amount 

 of mischief. It baa beeo tbe encouragement and 

 the txDOM of thousands of young persona, who, 

 dawled by the brilliant career of certain masters 

 In tbeir professions, have applied their lime and 

 energies to pnrmiia for which they were coneclona 

 they b*d but little na'ural ap'liude, to the fond 

 per B ii*loD that eqnul succeia might be realized by 

 Ihemaelvre if the single condition Implied in the 

 above inspiring motto were faithfully observed. 



n n,o conquers alhblDgs,"sajsoyoung 

 nan lo himself, after listening to an eloquent dia- 

 DOnrM by iho Rev. Dr. Soand so, "It has made of 

 tbt apttkei before me odc of tbe first divines in 

 tbe country. — why may it not do as much for mef 

 I have abundant energy to carry me through the 

 Mcemry preptntJon; 1 would R ladly assume tbe 

 |l Incident to the ministerial profes- 

 sion. If thereby I might assist In tbe great work of 

 n world's reformation; and if in any wsy I lack fit- 



Omnia,' Ibat have helped me through many a bard 

 Udr, give assurance that patient Industry will sup- 

 ply nil deficiencies. Yea. I will be a preacher."— 

 Accordingly, he enters on the work of preparation, 

 — he Btodiie hard. — he Btrlvea to gather ell the 

 graces of anoient and modern literature to embel- 

 lish bis tlyle, and he fty&idoooBly cultivates the aria 

 of oratory to lend persuasion to his speech,— bo 

 pawn a triumphant ex urn I nation, obtains a charge, 

 undergoes the usual ceremonies of oi 



t. 1 1 o c 



ell plei 



.( the Q "i" L 

 eed with the 



) donbt, be li 

 lif« bo baa chosen— he sees that he la improving— 

 tin' ]<t' [iiru'ion of hit- sermon* OOiti ' 

 and lahor than at flrat; they are besides of belter 

 quality, and he receives plenty of fair words from 

 bis hearer* But, byand-hy, when he comes to 

 look about for the results of bis preaching, tbe 

 ofaftTJOOl ire 'bat he fimU hot, Utile 



him 



:„'! f 



) him 





PUBLIC LIBRARIES LH THE OBITED 8IATX8. 



Tbb following intertstiDg statistic* of libraries 

 have been furnished to tbe K. Y. Tnlimeby Mr. W. 

 J. Ruees, of Washington City, who baa devoted 

 eeveralyeirsto thia aubjtct, and tbe arrangement 

 and examination of the collection of report*, docu- 

 ments, &:, in the Smithsonian Institute. There 

 are fifty libraries in the United States containing 

 upward of fifteen thou>aud volumes, thirteen con- 

 taining over thirty thousand, and six over sixty 

 thousand volume?. 



The library of Harvard College, with Its socie- 

 ties and departments, ranks highest on the list. 



Mass»chusetta has elgbt libraries of tbe ti;ry. or 



le-sixth; New Eogland, sixteen, or one-third; 

 New Tort, eleven, or more than one-fourth. 



The largest College Library in the North la Har- 



vard, with 112,0 

 South, Ueorget 



The largest Mercantile or Mechanics' Library is 

 that of New York city. 

 New York has tbe largest State Library, Indiana 

 :\>, Maryland next 

 Of tbe fifty libraries, thirty-seven are in North- 





a in the District of Colombia, 



praise from the lips of bis parishioner*,— he seeks 

 rather lo read it In their lives— and If any percepti- 

 ble good effect of bis efforts exists there, it fa so 

 insignificant, compared nilb what he promised 

 himself, that discontent begins to creep Into his 

 aonL Unwilling to believe the fault lies in him- 

 self, ho meditates a change of location; he will try 

 what a difference in bia latitude or longitude will 

 do for him; he goea Went, perhaps. But be takes 

 tbe old self with bim, and human naitTre is the same 

 everywhere. After dragging through somesad, dis- 

 couraging years, conscience rouses him to a rigid 

 self-exsminatlon; he looks searehingly within, and 

 he BeeB that the prennber'a heart is not in him — 

 that Nature denied him tbe advantages of 

 former— and he no longer feeis Justified in persuing 

 the vocation of a preacher. He will betake him- 

 self to some manual employment; for there he U 



t of good. He hoe found thatpereeverenee 

 p| conquer all thiDgs. 



e could know how many of the persons whe 

 yearly enter tbe professions do so with little regard 

 yepeoial fitness for the pnrsultstheycboose.bi 

 mac-ted to tbem by mere fancy— supported t 

 faith in tbe power of patient study to make good a 

 ecU; doubtless the knowledge would surprheu 

 o far greater proportional numberwhoabandc 

 tbe professions for agriculture and mcchonical ec 

 dnymenls, than leave manual occupations for law, 

 ncdieine, ic, indicate plainly enough, lhat the 

 roving understand the above motto as having rcfe- 

 tDOJ tfl professional life — as pointing to intellce- 

 nnl rather than physical triumphs. 



Now, endeavor, so it be towards something nse- 

 'ul, Is always worthy of respect. We m«y smile at 

 ■hoeiToiU of a man striving aflcr something far 

 beyond his reach, or we may regard with pity him, 

 who, lo our view, wastes his talent by diiectlng it 

 to an inferior pursuit; but, still, there is always 

 something about even misapplied effort that com- 



thing — ao long as he tries to better bis own or 

 others' condition, physical or spiritual, there in 

 hope of him. Yet, It is by no means a matter of 

 Indifference whether a young man wh<> can work 

 more efficiently at farming or sotno other handi- 

 craft than at preaching or the prattles of law, shall 

 try nil fortune for a time, at one of these latter em- 

 ployments — then, through disappointment and dis- 

 gust, relinquish It for anmethlng to which his pow- 

 ers are better adapted— or, before fixing on a voca- 

 tion, try to find out what Nutuic intended bim for. 

 and oboose the right thing first. Bran if it were 

 certain thai his pride would allow bim to give up 

 a, profession to which be had committed himself 

 for *i m^ more cirgeni*! employment— to change 

 what BO' ni' to bim a calling of high honor for on 

 of le*s esteem— be cannot carry to his new pnrsui 

 the freshness sod enthusiasm necessary to enable 

 bim to work at it to the bett purpose. His fall 

 f divinity or a doctor of laws rnsy 

 disable bim from becoming a good farmer; but 

 there is tittle itnk in saying that he would have be 

 abetter one bad his energies been given to agrlc 

 turc before bia spirit was broken by disappoi 

 meat and defeat In another pursuit. Let tbo 

 then, who have Influence i D directing the ambition 



conquests to be made in the physical u in 

 telleetual world; snd let the faorltl m 

 school professors,— "TV • 

 be preceded, and its application moo tried 



tralliao ; ■ > ■■■■'■, OxpMMd by the Latin poet 



- Though you drive out Nature with a fork the will 



®1« Stating §m'alijsi. 



CLERKS UHSTJ1TED FcR THE WEST, AGAIN. 



determined ■ Wu.i," 



MAMMOTH CAVE, KENTUCKY. 



IY and varied are the natural beauties and 

 wonders of K-ntucsy— the most Btrsuse and m <g 

 nlucent of tbem all Is the Mammoth Cave, the 



ice to which Is represented In our engraving 

 This Cave Is Bituited near Green River, one hun- 

 dred and thirty miles south-south west of Lexington. 

 It has been penetrated nine or ten miles, aud has 

 many windings that have not been explored, The, 

 depth is eixty or seventy feet. It contains figures 



of which are of immense alze and faniastia 





i. i h .i 





>e, and hie friends 

 . Soon, however, 

 a lamp, and.byex- 

 ■ verge as possible 



liming clerks belog unfit for t 



ngln 





, n 1 | 



Prwer Etl* 



sure-Will 

 who follow 

 Theill-applicatto 



n ]T U i. 

 every adventurer n 



luohy cliBp found 



bcoauso ho Is 

 heels, Is attended with like ■ucccsaT 



,,-IHll, 



'I iinianttoit 





..' had 



the variety or beauty of its productions, having 

 none of the beautiful blalactites found in mapy 

 other caves. Tbe earth is strongly impregnated 

 with saltpetre, and large quantities of it are manu- 



The region whl 





i. Military a^ I 



cd tho visits of 

 Ided Into two hundred and 

 twen'y-Bix "avenues" forty-seven "domes," eight 

 "cataracts," and twenty-three " pits," and, In addi- 

 tion to all these, there are a thousand aud one mar- 

 vellous scenes and oljects claiming tho attention 



As may be supposed, there are many portions of 

 this wonderful cavern which " human eye bath not 

 seen"— portions tn which the Spirit of Darkness 

 hai awed tbe adventurers into timtdl'y, setting 

 hounds to their progress— where the edict, 'tbasfar 

 ► Wtthoa come snl no farther,'' has met with a 

 frank, ready compliance. The desire to fathntu 

 these depths baa exhibited itself occasionally, and 

 the following graphic sketch — copied from tbe Lou- 

 Journal — detailing a recent attempt toea*t 

 light upon the bidden and unrepealed, will show our 

 ,ders the dangers consequent upon Bach an nn- 

 dertaking. The "young gentleman" is, we believe, 



in of Geo, D, Pkenticb, the editor of the paper 



"At the enpposed end of what has always been 

 considered tbe longest avenue of tbo Mammoth 

 Cave, nine miles from Its entrance, there ia a pit, 

 dark, and deep, and terrible, known as the Mael- 

 m. Tena of thousands have gazed into it with 

 whilst bengal lights were thrown down it to 

 e its fearful depths visible, hut none ever bad 

 daring to explore it. The celebrated gnlde, 

 p-hen, who was deemed insensible to fear, was 

 offered six hundred dollars by tbe proprietors of 

 the Cave, if he would descend to the bottom of it, 

 he shrank from the periL A few years ago, a 

 Tennessee professor, a learned and bold maD, re- 

 before bim had dared to 

 do, and, making arrangements with great care and 

 precaution, be had himself lowered down by a 

 ang rope, a hundred feet, but, at that point, his 

 irage failed him, and he called aloud to be drawn 

 . No human power could ever have Induced 

 a to repeat tbe appalling experiment 

 i couple of weeks ago, however, a young gentle- 

 trembled at 



holding tbe end of the rope iu 1 

 tiously let it go, and it aaung 

 yond his reach. 



This situation was a fearful o 



above conld do nothing for bin 



he made a hook of the end of b 



tending biruBelf as far over th 



without falling, he encceeded in oecurlcg the rope. 



Fastening it to a rock, he followed the avenue 150 



•J00 yards to a point where he found it blocked 



an impassable avalanche of rock and earth. 



Returning to the mouth of this avenue, be beheld 



almost exactly similar mouth of another on the 



opposite side of the pit, but, not being able to swing 



himself into it, he re fastened the rope around his 



body, suspended himself again over the abyss, and 



shouted to his friends to raise bim to the top. The 



ceedingly severe one, and the rope, 



being ill adjusted around hia body, 



trlct of Colombia, fourth, and 

 eleven States have over 100,000 

 Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, i 

 are Southern. 



bio, fifth. Only 

 )lome»; of these, 

 J South Carolina 



FALLACY OF PREMATURE EDUCATION. 

 Wdhx we are considering the health of cbil 





s imperutivo 

 . of th, 



f,ltnu; 



mportfluco 



a hooae, to inform tbe neighbors and pas- 



The mischief 

 •rpetra'ed by a contrary course, in the shape of 

 bad hralih, pttvith temper, and developed comfy, la 

 Incalculable. Some infant prodigy, which 

 standard of mischief throughout ita nei^ 

 hood, misleads them. But parents may be assured 

 that this early work is not, by any mesne, all gain, 

 even in the way of work. I suspect it is a loss] 

 and, that children who begin tbeir education late, 

 aa It would be called, will rapidly overtake those 

 who have been iu the harness long before th 



And what advantage can it be that a child 

 knows more at six years old than its compeers 

 especially if this is to be gained at a sacrifice of 

 health, which may never be regained? There may 

 be some excuse lor this early book-work, i 

 case of thiire children who are to live by m 

 labor. It Is worth while, perhaps, to run tin 

 of Borne physical injury to tbem, having only 

 their early years iu wtikh we can teach them book- 

 knowledge The chance of mischief, too, wiU 

 be lea*, being more likely to be counteracted by 

 tbeir af'er life. But for a child who 1b to be 

 ttfiokwoik for the flrat twenty one years of IU li 

 wh«t folly it is to exhaust in the least iu men! 

 energy, which, after all, is iu surest implement 

 A similar course of argument applies to lakn 

 children tarty to church, and to over-developii 

 their mlnda in any way. There is no knowir 

 moreover, ihe dUgnst and weariness that m 

 grow up in the mlnda of young persons from thi 

 attention being prematurely claimed.— Aeih 

 Helpt. 



mortal peril, being at tbe Mammoth Cave with 

 Prof. Wbigot of our city, and others, determined, 

 no matter what the dnngers and difficulties might 

 be, to explore tbe deplQB of the Maelstrom. Mr. 

 Phqctor, the enterprising proprietor of the Cave, 

 sent to Nashville and procured a long rope of great 

 strength expressly for the purpose. The rope 

 some necessary timberB were borne by the go 

 and others to tbe point of proposed explorat 

 Tbe arrangement being Boon completed, the rope, 

 with a heavy fragment of 





o and fro to dislodge any loose 

 rould bs likely 

 h thus dislodged, and 



i tall ( 



apth of the horrid 

 a head to protect 



i possible against any t 



light in his band and t 



fastened around t 



Cimmerian gloom. 

 We have heard from hia o' 



his descent. Occasionally '■ 





I v.- 1, i -'., 



: put, I 



Thirty or forty feet from tbe top, he aaw a 

 from wblcb, aa he Judged by appearances, 

 three avenues led off in different directioni 

 a hundred feet from tbe top, a cataract fr 

 side of the pit went rushing down the aby 

 aa he descended by tbe Bide ol the falling 

 and in tho midsi of tho epray, he felt appret 

 ibat hie light would be extinguished, but fc 

 prevented this. He was landed at the hoi 

 the pit, a hundred and ninety feet from i. 

 He found it almost periectly circular, ab 

 iu diameter, with a email opening at 

 leading to a fine chamber of no great e: 

 found on the Boor beautiful specimens of black 

 silex of immense site, vastly larger tbi 

 discovered in any other part of the Mammoth 

 Cave, and also a molillode of exquisite formatic 

 aa pure and white as virgin snow. Making bi 

 self beard, with great effort, by his friends, he 

 length asked tbem to pull bim partly op lntendi 

 stop on the way and explore a cave that be bad < 

 served opening about forty feel above the bottom 

 of the pit Reaching the month of that 





-nciallng pain. But f 





Forgotten in a new and dreadful peril. When 

 was 90 feet from the mouth o( tho pit, and 100 fn 

 tbe bottom, swajlug and swinging in mtd-alr, 

 beard rapid and excited words of horror and ala 

 above, and soon learned that the rope by which he 

 was upheld had taken fire from the friction c 

 timber over which it passed. Several mori 

 menu of awful suspense to those above, and still 

 more awful to bim below, ensued. 



To them and him a fatal and instant oatastrophi 

 seemed inevitable. But the fire was extlngalahei 



.irh n 



I Of v 



tnen the party above, though almost exhausted by 

 their labnrs, succeeded in drawing him to tbe t< 



He was as calm and self possessed a* upon bia t 

 trance Into tbe pit, bat all of his companion?, ov> 



his friend, Prof. Wbigbt, from over-exertion a 

 excitement, tinted and remained for a time inst 

 Bible. 



The young adventurer left hia name oarved 

 tbe depths of the Maelstrom— the name of the fi 

 and only person that ever gazed upon lu m 



EXTENT OF THE ROMAN EHtPIKE. 



We are sometimes under a little delusion in tbe 

 estimates we form of the magnificence of the Ro> 

 man Empire, or the multitude of troops that ii 

 maintained. Russia surpasses it in extent of ter 

 ritory, and maintains an army considerably more 

 numerous. France and Austria, who rank next tc 

 Russia in the number of tbeir standing armies 

 could singly bring into the field a much largei 

 force than the whole Roman Empire. Tbe mtliUry 

 force of the Pagan Empire U here estimated 

 450 000 men; the Christian monarchies of France 

 and Austria are each of them reputed to ma 

 an army of C50,0fl0 men. And when we refieot 

 upon the invention of gonpowde rand the eno: 

 force of artillery, it is evident that BDy one of tbe 

 first rate powers of modern Europe could bring 

 into the field a destructive force that would 

 from the face of the earth the thirty legl 

 Adrian. The very division of Europe iuto a 

 her of Statee involves this increase of soldiery. In 

 tho old Unman Emplro the great Medlterrauf 

 sea lay peaceful sa a lake, and the Roman eh 

 bad nothing to dread but tbe winds and tbe wav 

 wherea-. in modern Europe many artificial bo 

 daries have to be guardi-d by an array of eoldii 

 "Belgium defends her Bits with a hundredth 

 sand men, and the marshes of Holland are seem 

 by sixty thousand Dutch." Hitherto everythi 

 has tended to develop the military power In Chris- 

 tendom. — While'* Eiglitem Ctnturiet. 





SCIENTIFIC PAEAD0XES. 



The water which drowns ns, a fiuei 

 can be walked upon as ice. The bull 

 when tired from the musket, carries death, wil 

 harmless, if ground to dust before being fli 

 The crystallized part of the oil of rosea, so gr 

 fnl in ita fragrance— a solid at ordinary tempi 

 tores thongh readily voluttle — la a compound 

 subsUnce, contalulng exacly tbe same elements, 

 and in exaotly the same proportions, aa the g< 

 with which we light our atreeu. The tea whlc 

 we daily drink, with benefit and pleasure, pn 

 duces palpitation-, nervous trembling", aud eve 

 paralysis, if taken in excess; yet tbe peoulii 

 rirgnnic agent cal'ed thelne to which tea owea i 

 qualities, may be taken by itself (sa thelne, n< 

 as tea) without any appreciable <fl"ecL The wi 

 ter which wiU allay our buroiug thirst augment 

 it when congealed 

 Roai declares tbe na 

 ler enduring the uttt 

 than attempt to rem 



Nevertheless, 



i regions "pre 

 of thirst rut:, ci 



t Many persons lei 

 arm, but they do na 

 ources — dependent o 



t hdld positions it 



ow that poor sickly clurka 



»ho are reared in tbe city, 

 tore*, are kd to belteve ihat 



■ i . , ii 



ignity. This natural repugnance I 



<ub!i K ed 



JD ' looking I 

 n oonipat" 

 r drudgery now imposed up< 

 couraged. and ft 

 e disgusted, and i 



If they would u 

 n their weak ell 



city, iu i 



i duciiuraged, and I 



tuiparlaou with t 



calling. I l: 



( Ifiriu ■ 



benco the I 



xparlntoa" in such 



rbicti things work. I > 



r^uinl t!u.' i 





pec ted 



they make it what it 1b7 



feebled persons, hut brave, sturdy pioneer*, taught 



i tbe West Is raoro poetical than 

 .t 1ms been often exemplified. 

 lessary to our welfare iu life — farm- 

 particularly so. The farmer and the clerk 



imatoly connected in life 



profitable— th 







Here I will leu 



.-•Ml I 



-W 



i.i.-' can bt 



id on ooy 





nee," let it c 

 rtod.ytup). 





1 then lay 



myself on a rac 

















RBM4RKS.— 1 



a J. W., 



and 



olher of c 



nr young 



friends seem tc 



ho deal 



ng altogether tc 



> liberally 





o little 







will make 



a few remarks 







and we do 





benefit of all w 







department Young 



writers should 



avoid wild 



Btatetuenlfl 



and loose 



(a.) The fact that one clerk gains hoallh and 

 etrengih by working on a farm, and is prosperous, 

 is a good argument In favor of the position, that 

 like resulta would follow in similar cases, unless It 

 ia shown that some peculiar advantages were pos- 

 sessed by him. to give tbe favorable results that 

 would not bo generally enjoyed by clerks. This 

 fact seems to have been understood by J. W., for 

 be claims that "Will" "must have had a strong 

 liking to farmiDg, to have made audi rapid strides 

 in improvement," To this must be answered, no 

 one will succeed in any work that requires the 

 united cxerciee of head and hands, unless ho has a 

 liking for It Every one will not succeed In any 

 business— no one expects, or would argue In Its 

 favor. The Fraser River illustration is not good- 

 one is a business in which skill and Industry gen- 

 erally succeeds — tho other a chance business, more 

 like a lottery, in which the most wise and the most 

 laborious are likely to fail. 



lb) "Poor sickly clerks" — If their sickness is of 

 Bach a nature that air and exercise will not effect 





Hired I 



, or any 

 1 sickly 



laborious occupation. If they are poor 



because they are clerks, the change, by removing 



the cause, would of course, remove Ihe effsct. 



(<-.) Tbe question was not whether clerks could 

 be mdttetd to go West and engage 1" firming, but 



We will not argue thia question, and only make 

 tbeao few note* for the henetlt of young wrlterB 

 for thia department, to show tbem tho necessity of 

 keeping close to tbe point- 



BPBN4 ViwTA BBAWB.— F 



■el, ol I 



s ago 1 r 



Y , whioh I have 

 vating to a limited extent ever since, 

 it treason, 1 raised on 1-1 acre of rather 

 y loam, without manure, i\ bushels, or 

 to tbe aoie; the ground was plowed, 

 ind plsntedon the 10th of June; rows 3 



ud Bowed iu the rem n i h 



io foot Tbey were polled and threshed 



:-pt : 



01 o 



■ I So 



Hits 



yield, but I think It n paying crop. Tho 

 Buena Vi*ta Beans are small, pale red, (almost 

 white) prolific, early, and rlpi-n evenly. If any of 

 your readers wish to try tbem, I will send a sam- 

 ple gratia, by mail, on receipt of a stamped en- 

 velope. I enclose n aampU of Field Beaan, which 

 have been cultivatsd for a few years pa*t aboat 

 ■■•: thry were brought from OoDMCtl- 

 C"t Tbey are not so early or proliQo as the Buena 

 Vula Beans, I tbink, thoogh I have not niven them 

 afatrtrlal If you can gi. ' 



be much obliged —R. B. E., Ayra, I" ■■' '» " ' - ''"■ 

 RmiREs — The beans sent ob » ere tBe Bu *h 

 Ktdney Bean, a very good field or garden bean. 



Am Insult ia vt 

 it, when It doe.i 

 person to whom 



cumulating to him who uttere 

 ,i succeed in humiliating the 

 a directed. 



