TWO DOLLARS A YEAR.] 



'PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT.' 



(SINOI.E NO. FIVE CENTS. 



YOL. IX. NO. 48.! 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 1858. 



i WHOLE NO. m. 



MOORE'S RURAL HEW-YO 



Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 



CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 



■ 



ftal §to-§ wfcw. 



A LEADER WANTED! 



" A I.81DIB Wanted. " Buys our foreman, within 

 au hoar of the time for putting Thia number of 

 the Robal to press — and the next morning after 

 Thanksgiving, wht-n one don't feel in the epirlt • f 

 writing, at that. Bat a leader moat be produced, 

 Immediately, whether we have or nay the spirit or 

 subject for an article— and It shall be forthcoming. 



"A Leader Wanted I" Aye, Dot for this week's 

 Rerun, only, but for many iuititutioos and posii iocs 

 io life — among the rich and poor, blgb and loir, 

 and tbe workers for the good, the useful and ihe 

 elevating la all classes of society. 



Commencing, for the sake of courtesy only, »t 

 tie bead— among Hi? so-called grtftl oi 

 una Dj *h- * -■ ■ half i r tbe 



>■«>' ' 



i I--..], i 



always wanted at the head of the 

 regard tbe wants ami wishes and best interests 

 of the great mass of the People of the Country — 

 A leader who will not only properly estimate and 

 appreciate the importance of, but thit n ill, so for 

 as he coo (intently may, proteot and encourage 

 those engaged in the great Industrial Occupations 

 of Life — dgiieulture, Commerce and Manufac- 

 tures. No mere party or seotlonnl man can fill 

 ttui ii i> position, for it requires a far-seeing mind, 

 of sound, discriminating judgment and statesman- 

 like views, which comprehend i The present wants, 

 and position, and future- prospects aud destiny of 

 the whole Peoplo and Country— East and West, 

 North and South. In his AdquhI Message to Con- 

 gress he sbonld indicate, suggest and ndvlee what 

 la most needed for tbe advancement of the gre.it 

 interest already immiioited — and if a few thou- 

 sand, oye, or a few hundred thousand dollars an? 

 necessary, why not appropriate it for such laudable 

 objects, Instead of squandering it on use|.-s* 

 national defence* or political or party favorites? 



"A Leader la Wanted" also !n every State— a 

 man, or (lovernor, if you please, who shall regard 

 the Industrial interest* of tbe wholo Commonwealth, 

 and especially those from which the People and 

 the State principally derive their prosperity and 

 wealth. If Agriculture 1* this interest, itshonld 

 be fostered and oared tor first, Instead of teco: 

 third, or last, as is loo olten the cote. No mt 

 LOr une Idea man is fit to guldu the da 

 Dies of a State— even llio' as small us Delaware 

 Rhode Island — but the leader wan tod should po»aes 



to comprehend wrings and abuses, 

 the nerve to redress them if in Ins power — and 

 thus be a Governor of and fir the Peoplo, rather 

 than for a obu-s of political or pirtj spoils-seekers. 



Leaders are wanted also in every County, Town, 

 i ..ud— men who will prove 

 (neauelfE* true consc-i . ■■ ■ 



sniitehenriive term.) and labor for the 



Benevolent aud Religions Iiml'ation wonts the 

 — men of mind, Independence and far reach • 

 9ft. Indeed, we might keep on for honn>, 

 me permit, In enumerating where leaders are 

 d Id the vaiious avocations and positions of 

 life— but. fruitful and suggestive aa is onr test, we 

 close, thus relieving the reader, sod furnish- 

 ing the printer a bunkdly penned, often inter- 

 rupted, hut we trust not altogether non-suggestive 



— Did time permit we would take tbe liberty of 



ore than suggesting that at least one Leader is 

 warned in each Town aud School District In the 

 Uofon, (not already supplier. 1 ,) to introduce the 

 Ritual Nbw-Yorkbb, which some discriminating 

 people emphatically pronounce tht I-Badeh in its 

 iphere of Journalism. 



AN INSECT INJURIOUS TO BARLEY. 



Most of our readers who have grown barley la 

 Western and Central New York for the last few 

 years, need not to be told that a maggot, resembling 

 lu color and general appearance the Wheat Midge, 

 found in great abundance In the straw, much to 

 tbe injury of the crop and tbe prospects ef the 

 :r. The straw ia pierced, and between each 

 joint may be often found half-a-dozen or more 

 inggota, each making for itself a circular cavity 



t the p 







inches in length. The slim? becomes dark-color- 

 ed, britt'e, as though scorched, and breaks into 

 small pieces in threshing. This midge Is also 

 troublesome in tbe Eastern States, perhaps as much 

 here. The following letter accompanied a 

 tion of these perforated and broken straw?, 

 tilled with maggots: 



the request of Dr. M. OnTO>r, 

 your paper, I send you 

 . . 

 ni.'-l lied over, in its 



You will find upon breaking open 

 all maggot If you cau Inform me 

 through the columns of the Rural tbe name of 

 this insect, or If it has been noticed by any of the 

 agriculturists, who contribute for your paper, I 

 shall be much obliged. The appearance of the 

 barley before harvest, promiied from 3j to 40 

 bushila per acre, but did not yield but about 25 

 bushels to the acre. Tbe soil was a loam and well 

 drained.— 8. S. Saue, Ptkia, A" v., 1858, 



A portion of the straw and Insects we sent to 

 Mr. Stavi i eh, who, with his usual promptneB", sent 

 us the reply which will be found below. Some of 

 them we have reserved, so that nest season we 

 may see the insect In ila perfect state. 



Sua Ki'kal;— YoQra of the :id, with specimens 

 of the insect injurious to the barley crop, in the 

 Western and Middle parts of New York State, came 

 to hand. I opened one of tbe haulms of barley- 

 straw, and found two maggots embedded, measur- 

 ing ahout one-tenth of an incb, of n straw color; un- 

 der tbe microscope It appears like figs. 1, 2. I may 

 bo under the necessity of waiting till May or June, 

 before the perfect insect will appear, which I 

 donbt not, will be very similar to the wheat midge 

 described in the Rtrnii.. No. 27, VoL IX, for Joly 

 3d, lt)S8. I am satisfied, however, that they aro not 

 Identically the same species; I have examined the 

 orange-colored wheat mnggot, found in tbe groove 

 of the grain. My figure differs somewhat, from 

 the illustration given in your article above referred 

 to, the difference may ari«e from a change of its 

 state, as it approches nearer to a perfect chrysalis, 

 Piir. 9, Is a cony from the Bpecimen I examined, 

 MDintUf, "f an orange yellow, head and arms, with 

 the two rings adjoining each dark colored, or 

 nearly black. 







lcs.1 ut Ihi- tpnuioi iry l..-i ul p.r-i.ii .1 pi.piibri y 



. ■!, County and 



. |i that they are B«pirtng 



Menu and d&m not inaugurate any 



measure, fam.- 



pleaso "the party" or t.iOu^ntiil mem be re there- 

 of. Tbe lint question ia not whether this or that 

 maajnra is right, but whether u u politic, or will 

 i Bob) advocate ptrsonaiy. No toch 

 leaden are wanted by tbe great mowot the pwiple 

 everywhere. 



Leiden are likewUo wanted in every School Dis- 

 trict in the land. The best men should al«r a]a l( „ 

 BeleotedforSchoo1Trn*te«»,then«i I 

 visors, the nest for AssemblymeD, and alarm m r 

 body will do for Congress! If the youth are 

 uarttd aright, there will soon be honest and capa- 

 ble hm enough for leaders In all positions. 



Every Agricultural Society and Club— State, 

 County, Town, or Ui.trlct— wants an Intelligent, 

 indanrtoas and efficient leader, who will labor for 

 thevauie U d community, regardless of personal 

 comfort or popularity. And every Educational 



of tn* fauim or b*ri* j. 



Dr. Babuls attempted to raise the tly from the 

 barley-worm or maggot, bat succeeded in discov- 

 ering the parasite, only, a four winged Ictwutnon- 



y, similar, but a little larger, than the one 

 described by Say, as :ku mortal enemy of tho Rea- 

 lly, the Euritoma dtstmeior. Tbe Bestian fly 

 being the Ctddomyia tutnutor, Mr. IIakhis callo'l 

 bia, Euriloma Ilurdti-, Hordeum being the la'iu nBme 

 barley; — so If It proves to be a ctcidomyia, dif- 

 fering from tbe wheat midge, (Ctcid* 

 I propuse to csli it V/otiwiyia Hordei The genus 

 Euritoma ( Wertwood.) belongs to the family Chal- 

 cit&dta, parasitic like itfu lehntvmonulos. 



No doubt the rejs>u Mr. EUaars got no speci- 

 men of the fly, wjs ia not piaciug tho larvm upon 

 moist soil, or in a tl.>wer-pot, B0 that those which 

 were not oviposited on by the hhimmou, mig t 

 huve buried themselves, since only those would 

 develop that were preyed upon by the pamitc, 

 not the calpiit that does the mischief, but its mor- 

 tal enemy, as above remarked; having, I am fully 

 persuaded, toe same habits, as the wheat midge. 



The Ctddomytda, is a stib-famlly of the TfyuUdot, 

 having jointed antrum* monili'/omi, (like beads on 

 a sttitig.) twenty-fonr jutmed, (<ir thineen at least,) 

 with vertioilleA heirs; they have long legs, without 

 spines. The wings have but few nerves, and are 

 carried Hat en tbe back or roof-like when at rest. 

 They are of a very small sue, inhabiting many dif- 

 ferent plsnte, depositing their eggs according to 

 tbe several tpecies in young sprigs, the leaves, 

 (lowers, Ac, causing galls similar to the O/itipida, 

 or distortion of the flower. There are numerous 

 genera and species of this sub-family. The most 

 injurious are those referred to. 



When the larvm of the wheat midge are kept in 

 a box or vial, they loose their orange color and 

 perish, moisture being c«ssntial to their transform- 

 ation. I would advise those who are curious to 

 breed the fly, to place or stick the haulms into the 

 moist soil of a fiower-p ;t, or the like, and, when 

 the i usee's drip out to >»■( tticru— a bottomless 

 jw, wvn use D . .'ink Into the 



soil over and around them, will secure the fly when 

 matured, and requiro no further watching. 



Burning the stubble may destroy them, if done 

 before tbe puptc drop out. By cutting the grain 

 early, and carefully collecting the lura lu the 

 chaff and dust separated from the grain, a large 

 proportion of the ensuing years' brood may be de- 

 stroyed. Wheat, by being kept In a close, dry 

 place, over The year, when infected liytbepujrc, 

 (since it Is the maggot only, that injures tbe flower 

 and grain, when batched from tbe eggs, while 

 feeding.) will aid lu their total destruction, by not 

 affording them a lodgment in the soil; yet num- 

 bers may have found this lidgmen', notwithstand- 

 ing, during harvesting. Plowing deep is alsi re- 

 commended with a view to turn tbe larvsc deep 

 under the soil. Thus we can understand some of 

 the dllfkulties in the way of ridding our lieldB 

 from this pest. 



The acarus, Fig. 10, in the illustrations of my 

 article in the Ritual of Nov. nth, you name beneath 

 •'Papains Comutvs" — this might lead to criticism, 

 as you should hftTO said— "yaraii(i< on the Ptuialu* 

 Conarfui." This latter ia the name of a large 

 speclea of CtiUopttra, among tbe Lanwiliconuon 

 beetles, with a horn on itu nose, bent forward near- 

 ly at aright u 



Tbe Potato •■..:, ... i have since 



found, the "Bari-i'vt (mo«fu*" oi Bat, the n>im« 

 inject which Miss Muupis OODUnnnlc 

 Haiiris, of which he puolished an account io tbi 

 Abu England Farmer, some years ago. 



I send you two drawings, you may make any use 

 of them you please. Jacou Ststiticm. 



ExPBRlUEi,T9 with Whbat.— To raise a stronger 

 stem aud a crop le&s liable to foil, J. B. Lawis, of 

 Roth a rat. lead, Eog., says, in a recent Lomkm Jour- 

 nal, that be tried (ho experiment of sowing early 

 —the last of Angus*. — and feeding with tbeep 

 during winter and spring, checking thereby the 

 leaf and stem, and extending the roots, hoping 

 thus to obtain a plant which would resist wiui 

 and rain. Tbr i le L.micear, "At 



onetime," he sap of another experiment, ■' I waaln 

 hopes that we might by some chemical compounds 

 increase tbe strength of the straw; hat I have been 

 entirely unsuccessful, and do not anticipate there 

 Is muck to be done by other experiments," In re- 

 gard to thin seeding for this purpose, he says that 

 by keeping the plants further apart, so as to admit 

 more tight, a stronger stem may be obtained, but 

 at the expense of ioureaAed labor in weeding, and, 

 generally, a decrease in the quantity of the grain. 



CONNECTICUT ON THE CATTLE QUESTION. 



Pi-kinc the Fair of the Connecticut Stabs Ag. 

 Society, the members thereof held several meetings 

 for ihe purpose of discussing matters of general 

 Interest connected with their vocation, 

 of these gatherings tho query, " What is the best 

 breed of horned cattle for this Staler' 

 pounded. The question of the respective value of 

 the various breeds bus bad brief notice 

 Bitkal lately, and it may be well to look 

 vlewB of farmers in the "land of steady habits," 

 compare them with our own opinions upon the 

 subject, observe wherein we agree or differ, sud 

 draw practical conclusions from tbe thoughts pre- 

 sented. To tbla end we give, in the following con 

 densed form, the ideas thrown out by our Connec- 

 tion' brethren: 



Mr. Clark, of Hartford, remarked :— For myself, 

 I must say that I am lu doubt which breed of cat- 

 tle Is moBt suitable. Where there Is rich pastures, 

 there Is no donbt the Durhams are tbe best. The 

 Alderneys, for men who keep but a single cow, are 

 undoubtedly valuable. We have not had mach ex- 

 perience In Ayrshire stock in this State, but I am 

 satisfied it. is a breed well suited to our State, for 

 they are excellent milkers where they are most 

 commonly raised and kept In Scotland. The cows 

 there average 26 quarts a day. But taking every- 

 thing into consideration, I am satisfied that the 

 Devons are tbe kind for universal use. 



Jacob U. Blakkslee, Watertown. — The first 

 Devons were brought into the State In 1819. Since 

 then the qoality, both for milk and mee 

 much improved. It ia true they will do well upon 

 ahorter feed than any other variety, bi 

 policy to overstock land. If properly bred, Devona 

 are good for milk, and superior workers. 



sir. Li MiiL.gr, of Meridao. — T >' . 

 thing of the beef of England, and never beard tt 

 Durham* made beef of es good quality as Devo; 

 The reason why Alderneys produce such good milk 

 and butler le because they are better fed. Pure' 

 bred Devons here are so valuable that they ore nol 

 used to make beef. I can make beef at less price 

 upon eight legs than upon four. I don't wont cattle 

 of a very large breed. I have never aeen any milch 

 cows equal the native stock of this State. I mean 

 by native, the atock long bred here without cross 

 lug with any imported atock. 



Hgkbt Bill, of Norwich, preferred the Ayr- 

 shires for any use. To say which Is tbe best breed 

 for tho State we must know what we want cattle 

 f.»r. Upon the richest farms I think Durhams 

 best, because beef cm be made nt the least go 

 The Imported Devons ore not as good for milk 

 the Datives, But calves of a good native cow s 

 not sure to be good. I think the Alderneys t 

 delicate for general use, I prefer Devons to i 

 others for oxen. The Ayrshire cowsare the best for 

 use to sell milk from in u city market. If 

 to mske beef yon mast take breed suitable for the 

 purpose. 



Mr. Catlin, of Hamillon, thought that the best 

 cattle to be found lu the State are In Litchfield 

 county, and all are mixed with lato importations of 

 the Devons, and the best oxen here are seven- 

 eighths Devon. We are obliged to use oxen in 

 this St. it« on the hilly land, and the great deside 

 ratum is to get that sort of stock that will breed 

 tho beat oseo. Now, what breed la best for this 

 purpose? No doubt it ia a cross of the Devon. 



Mr. Hart, of Litchfield Co., says his practice 

 h:s been to feed calves upon oil meal nod whey. 

 Have raised thirteen ibis yc.ir opofl "00 lbs. of oil 

 meal, and that was the only cost, and they did 

 well u Oilier calves raised upon new milk. It c( 

 52 a hundred pounds. Fed the calves from t 

 time they came, 1st of April, till about the 1st 

 June. It is a general opinion with us, that if l 

 hid taken tbe same pains to Improve our nuti 



. ire been used Io Improve Imported 

 breeds, we should buvc had a better breed than the 

 Imported one. Croat Devons, Durhams and Here- 

 fords upon natives. My average this year is 425 

 lbs. of cheese and 50 lbs. of hotter per 

 best cows are made up of a mi.vturoof different 

 breeds. In feeding oil me J, tbe calf most be 

 highly fed at first, and full fed after a week old. 



Mr. BLiEBSLSi corroborated the statement of 

 the hst speaker about the value of oil meal, but 

 preferred to feed the meal to the cow and give trie 

 calves skim milk. Preferred to nJ 

 economical manner rather than let them suck the 

 cows, as they make better animals. 



IBB, of Fairfle'.d Co., remarked Ibot at 

 rone year ago, there were maoy cattle 

 entered as natives, but there m no premium 

 offered, I am satisfied that wo couM Improve the 

 natives, and make better s:ock for this State than 

 any breed of imported cattle. 



Mr. Habt considured the last Importation of 

 Devons mnch the best for milk. In offering pr!«s, 

 we required the Devon and Dnrhom oxen to com- 

 pete, and the Devons always won the prizes. I 

 have worked both grade Devons and Dorbama, 

 and find tbe Devons outwork the Durhams very far. 



FEEDING OOT COBN STALES, 



MCKS 



mangers," last winter, 

 (Rcbal, March 13, 1858,) we remarked:— "Put 

 corn stalks in a rack, and ihe animal will pull out 

 one every time it gels a mtutbful, and then drop 

 It to pull out another," aod asked how to remedy 

 the matter. Ono correspondent told us he bad 

 heard of a machine going by bone power, " which 

 picks and tears corn sulsa into feathery frag- 

 ments," In which state they could be fed like hay, 

 and, his plan of cattle-boxes was the best ever got 

 up,— (wetbinkitwas an excellent one.) Another 

 advises mangers and stsnublons, where, when 

 pinned in by the head, cows couldn't take stalks out, 

 " save by eating them out" Another, still, told us 

 we were entirely behind tbe age lu not keeping 

 :k stabled— all leaving me just abont as 



li.iJ .. 





cerned, or anything readily aud cheaply put in 

 practice out-of-doore. 



Meanwhile, wo have had time to experiment 

 somewhat on tho sutject, sud therefrom have 

 gathered some "notions" of our own, which we 

 will jot down for those Interested in feeding out 



Now-a-days, manyafarmer raises nearly enough 



corn-fodder, if properly cured and waved, and then 





the curing and the taping, we have recently (Ru^Tal 

 Oct. 2, 1858 ) had our say In your columnr, and wo 

 then also denounced the practice of feeding out 

 along the lanes, wasting tbe refuse stalks as well 

 as the manure made by the animals, thus fed away 

 from the right place— the barnyard. 

 The best tint of feeding corn stolkc, ia when the 



■, f,<. 



d tt- 



Perfect economy can then be practiced by a little 

 attention Io manner. Stock then havo good np- 

 I— they are far leu pantoalal than lu warm 

 weather, as to what and where they eat, Tn such 

 weather, we give them all the corn atalki they will 

 consume cleanly, and tt is u treat to see them clear 

 the yard. In such weather, too, we allow our old 

 sheep to join the cows In eatlog their foddet — 

 taking pains to Hcatter them In small buDcbee, aud 

 bo freely that the cows have little provocation to 

 iDJnre the ebeep. We never had ono seriously 

 hurt by hooking— iudeed, the old ram keeps our 

 cattle rather afraid of everything wearing wool. 



At all times the yard should be well littered, but 

 this is especially important when thawing weather 

 occurs. Still, the yard Is not a perfectly economi- 

 cal place for foddering, although it can be made 

 a very comfortable one at such times, and answer 

 tolerably well. What ia lost as fodder is saved as 

 manure, end helps to litter the yard. We feed less 

 stalks then and more hay, and allow them to 1111 

 up at the straw stack. We usually have nil sound- 

 anco of stalks, so that It la our best policy to make 

 the moat of them, and still not to stint onr stock. 



There ia not the least doubt in onr mind that it 

 Is tho best policy for the farmer to provide stables 

 with stalls and mangers, for feeding his stock in 

 wet aod stormy weather, allowing them tbe run 

 of the yard— with sheds attached— a portion of the 

 time. This we Intend to do, tho present winter — 

 having been advised thereto by some of the beet 

 farmers in the couutry. and our own experience 

 bringing us strongly to the same conclusion. 



Some people have advised cutting corn atalka 

 for feeding stock. We are strongly or the opinion, 

 however, that there are quite a uumber of cutting 

 machines — now rusting in oot-oftbe-way corners— 

 which have been Died for this porpnoe, but ore 

 now thrown aside. Th/y don't pay- Th o chief 

 advantage is that there are no long stalks to inter- 

 fere with gelling out the minor* i:at a very little 

 >-:-li!er is consumed, unless it In steamed 

 and mixed with mca',— an operation few farmers 

 will go into for more than one season. As for tho 

 stamen rt«n of the question, it mi?bt pay with 

 cheap power and parted machinery, to cut bay, 

 atrnw, and Hialfcs, " ial tne bother of long manure 

 if fly done away with— the contents .if 

 the yard being fit at once for mixing , 



FOB SALE! 



A "dbaikbd herd-pan" farm of 150 acres, "np 

 too miles from market, tixirm from 

 the county seat, and still further from Pari Qrmkt 

 Said farm ha* been tutturd at near $00 per acre, 

 and d<t^.r at that Price and terms of poymint 

 made easy. The owner is tired of work, and pro- 

 poses to "fly the cat hole," and give np tbe un- 

 equal contest with the many natural obstacles to 

 profitable farming. He will migrate to distant 

 aa soon as he can dispose of his crTed*, but 

 ot stop upon "average Livingston coan'y 

 land," but will proceed at one* to iho Tropic* to 

 iud eat of the spontaneous productions of the 

 earth until he fa satisfied, tr.d then '"H on bis back, 

 with his face to the Bun. UU he get" hungry again. 

 Won't H. T. l: *• spotfor 



II such aa have a kren eye to '•'*• return* from 

 Ultle labor, and will pay more than ■ four per cent " 



