DLL 11. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 



401 



$ut (BAntatat. 



AN APPEAL FOB MY BIBTEE TEACHEBS. 



It Ii not my purpose to introduce or advocate 

 " Woman/a Bight?." but Teacher's night*. At the 

 1st* Teacher's Institute of Livingston Co., a reso- 

 lution was pasted to the effect that lady teachers 

 should receive the same compensation u gtmle- 

 men. Btcently, a lady, well qnalitied for teaching, 

 mentioned the passing of each a resolution to a 

 wealthy trustee of one of our district ecbools, and 

 failed to elicit aught bat an unfeeling rebuff. He 

 virtually admitted that Indies are generally aa well 

 qualified, Id an educational point of view, and are 

 quite w successful in governing onr district 

 ichoola, bat still maintained that they would not 

 and should not receive an equal compensation for 

 their labors. Why wob this so? The rjUMlIon re- 

 maiued unanswered. Who can look uponeuch a 

 man. other than being a hater of woman, her inter- 

 ests and well-being: How revolting to onr ideas 

 of justice when a stronger i any preys upon a 

 weaker, with no other motive than to crush the 

 object within Its power, because that power is su- 

 perior. How onr sympathies are enlisted in be- 

 half of the oppressed, and how quickly we lend our 

 oid to their rescue. Is it not wrong that man, who 

 should be the protector of dependent woman and 

 jealously watch over her interests to avenge (be 

 usurper of bcr righls, should rise op In rebellion 

 to the voice of justice and crush unoffending 

 tbe dust? How strong la the contrast 







came was advocated by our noble brothers of the 

 Institute. 



It has been affirmed that gentlemen should leave 

 the profession of teaching for the ladies. Altho' 

 there are many other pursuits in which they may 

 engage, not accessible to us, we do not wish to drive 

 them from the field. We heartily deaire their 

 o(j"ptralion iu tbia importautand responsible voca- 

 tion. Indeed, the education of our youth would 

 be Incomplete if intrusted to either sex alone. — 

 Man may chisel out the rough, unpolished statue, 

 but to woman remains the tusk of adding a grace 

 end beanly to tbe sculptured marble, which makes 

 It almost breathe, as it approaches tbe perfection 

 of the artist's Ideal All we ask la an taual com- 

 pauationtm ancqualtatJi ai unit ptrfomtd. If we 

 do it not as well we should not be emplojed, for 

 certainly, onr male teachers 

 tent. II we stand as high 

 should there he any dlffe 



r calling, why 

 Is tbe same 





si he 



Instrument? 





Woman labors 



mder many disadvantages in ar- 



riving at the sa 



me degree of excellence as a 



teacher, to which 



man is a stranger. Issue obliged 



to obtain an cdu 



ation by her own hands? the re- 



ward which she 



baa received for any labor has 



Dean bo little as to 



render it nearly impossible for ber 





i\ course of study, and the poor 





has received has made it but a 



small object to prepare for this profession. There 



are occupations i 



a which a deficiency of physical 



strength renders 



woman incapable of performing 





of labor, but teaching cannot be 



Included, Bnt, i 



ot withstanding difficulties, docs 





. Inch . 



that of teaching 

 since the daye of Mother ft B, 



AH the great volume of mind which has led dis- 

 covery, Bounded the trump of freedom, enlarged 

 the boundorics of science, beautified the halls of 

 art, fathomed the depths of philosophy, or reno- 

 vated the face of society, has been trained and 

 moulded by insignificant woman. To the meek 

 nnd holy Moses are we indebted for the only relia- 

 ble narrative of a period of two thousand five 

 hundred and fifty-three years. We do not know 

 that he would ever have written the Pentateuch, 

 had not his mother early taught him to "prefer 

 Buffering sill Iction with the people of God toenjny- 

 ing the pleasures of sin for a season." Who but 

 woman first Instructed the heroes of Rome? There 

 were noble mothers and during eons, loving sisters 

 and brave brothers, devoted wives end valiant hus- 

 bands; and, coming down to Uu cherished darn 

 of onr own revolution, we read of Maby and Maii- 

 tua Washington, and join with the "Father of our 

 Country hiruseli in eajlng that, under God, they 

 made him what he was. Woman is destined to be 

 the teacher ol mankind, and it remains with man 

 to furnish o compensation for honest and perse- 

 vering industry sufficient to enable her to become 

 an intelligent instructor. If parsimonious com- 

 mittees drive our female teachers from the Com- 

 mon Schools, they will still teach through the sodb 

 and the brothers whom tbey educate at the social 

 fireside. 13y the law-givers and the statesmen scut 

 forth from the sacred precincts of homo to hold in 

 their honored hands the reigns of government, 

 they will teach. By that sweet nnd holy Influence 

 which it Is the high privilege of woman to exert, 

 she will teach. Parents, friends, people, do yon 

 hope to see your descendants and your country 

 great, and good, and noble, — exalted in point of 

 excellence and civilization,— educate yonr daugh- 

 ter* and your Bisters, for they are to be tbe prime 

 <f the human family. 

 [.inndations hid in the nursery, are 

 built the school-house and the academy, the college, 

 and the lion, r g tt te. After having laid tbe 

 base, shall not wntnan also lay the comer-stone to 

 this beautiful edi^e, which ia onr Common 

 Sohool? Onr female vachcrs, above any other of 

 1 1 worthy to v,, respecter), assisted and 

 iLey occupy tL At p | ftce t n the social 

 circle which is, of all, tbe mo* influential They 

 are not tho uninformed, or the pubian, neither are 

 they the proud daughters of faahisn, jjone but 

 "" s truly refined mind,— too often welt,j iso |pii nec ; 



II !!,,. ■: 



1 i-I S 



r.(vc-?itj, 



a task. In the teacher's own mind, the trnt ideal 

 of character must be formed and approach rem.? \. 

 tlon ere she can understand, or mould the cbarac 

 tcr of the pupil. Not having been nursed in the 

 Up of luxury and weakh, her ideaa of life and 

 its end, embrace something higher than mere 

 porional gratification or present happiness. Hers 

 is not the "poetry of Imaginative life, but "the 

 simplicity of practical life," and she lookB npon 

 the gift oi her being as a precious thing entrusted 

 to her care, ih e projector of a battle in which to 

 engage U an earnest reality. Her calling permits 



her not to cherish a telflah and exacting spirit, bat 

 insure* patience, forbearance and persevering 

 effort Such min i» must renovate society, if it is 

 done at all Such, and such alone, should stand at 

 the helm to guide the wayward mind of childhood 

 across the great ocean of wisdom to be spanned by 

 the venturous youth. Strong minds and pure 

 hearts should steer tbe precious craft 'till its cap- 

 tain learns to grasp tbe helm with the strength of 

 manhood, and can himself guide it to anchorage in 

 the sea of eternal rest Te who have been accus- 

 tomed to spurn the efforts of those gentle appli- 

 cants at the door of justice to equal their good 

 brothers in the art of teaching, do not any longer 

 discourage her who presides in yonr schoolroom, 

 but lend her a helping hand in her noble endeavor, 

 and she will abundantly repay yonr timely aid. 



pr/NCTTJATTOrT. 



Wb present to the readers of tbe Journal in this 

 article a more remarkable instance of the effect of 

 punctuation In changing the meaning of the sen- 

 tence than any previously given. It is taken from 

 Colgreve'a Grammar, published in Cleveland, Ohio, 

 in 1852. 



Richard Greta Porker soyt Jamtt Rutttll Lowell is 



In giving the different punctuations which this 

 sentence may have, we shall not follow tbe order 

 adopted by Mr. Colegrove, nor nae italics as he has 



1. Richard.— Green Parker says, "James Russell 

 Lowell Is a great genius." 



2. Richard Green, Parker says, "James Russell 

 Lowell is a great genius." 



3. Richard Green Parker says, "James Russell 

 Lowell is a great genius." 



4. "Richard Green Parker." says James llassell 

 Lowell, "is a great genius." 



5. Richard, "Green Parker," says James Russell 

 Lowell, " Is a great genius." 



C. Richard Green, "Parker," says James Russell 

 Lowell, "Is a great genius." 



7. "Richard Green Parker," says James, "Rub 

 sell Lowell ia a great genius." 



8. "Richard Green Parker," says James Russell 

 "Lowell is a great genius" 



!>. Richard Green Paiker says, "James RusBell 

 Lowell Is a great genius," 



10. Richard Green Parker says, "James Russell, 

 Lowell is a great genius." 



11. Richard, Green Parker says, "James Russell 

 Lowell is a great genius." 



12. Richard, Green Parker says, " James Rassell, 

 Rowell is a great genius," 



13. Richard Green, Parker sayp, "James, Russell 

 Lowell la a great genius." 



14. Richard Green, Parker says, "James Russell, 

 Lowell Is a great genius." 



15. "Richard Green," Parker soya, "JamesRus- 

 sell Lowell is a great genius."' 



10. "Richard," Green Parker says, "JamesRus- 

 sell Lowell is a great genius." 



We have given two more readings than Mr. 

 Colegrove; whether others may not also be given 



l! iH C 





• Of 1 



COMPRESSION IN OBATOBY. 



Eloqcencs we are persuaded, will never flourish 

 in America, or at home, so long as the public taste 

 is infantile enough to measure the value of speech 

 by the hours it occupies, and to exalt copiousness 

 and fertility to the absolute disregard of concise- 

 ness. Tho efficacy and value of compression can 

 scarcely be overrated. The common air we beat 

 aBide with a breath, compressed, has the force of 

 gunpowder, and will rend the solid rock; and so it 

 is with language. A gentle stream of persuasive- 

 ness may flow through the mind and leave no sedi- 

 ment; let it come at a blow, as a cataract, and it 



It is by this magnificent compression that Cicero 

 confounds Catallne, and DemostheneB overwhelms 

 .T^sehines: by this tbat Mark Antony, as Shaks- 

 pear, makes him speak, carries the heart away with 

 a bad cause ; by this that l.ady Macbeth makes us, 

 for the moment, sympathising with murder. Tbe 

 language of strong passion is always terse and com- 

 pressed; genuineconviction uaesfewwords; there 

 is something of artifice- and dishonesty in a long 

 speech. No argument is worth using, becanse 

 none can make a deep impression, that does not 



bear to be s 



shaling of speeches, essays and books according to 

 their lengths, deeming that a great work which 

 covers o great space— this Inordinate opp-:titefor 

 printed paper, which devours bo much and so in- 

 discriminately, that it has no leisure for fairly tast- 

 ing anything— is pernicious to all kinds of litera- 

 ture, but fatal to oratory. The writer who aimB at 

 perfection is forced to dread popularity and steer 

 wide from it; the orator who must court popular- 

 ity, is forced to renounce the pursuit of genuine 

 and lasting excellence.— Wottmautv Rmeu. 



Ne 1 



t Despair.— True hope la based on energy 

 cter. A strong mind always hopes, and 

 ijb cause to hope, because it knows tbe 

 ty of human affairs, and bow slight a clr- 

 chaoge the whole course of events. 

 Snch a spirit, too, rests upon itself; it is not con- 

 fined i-i partial views, or to one partlcolii object, 

 and if at last all should be lost, it has saved itself 

 — its own integrity nnd worth. Hope awakens 

 courage, while despondency is the laatcf all evils; 

 It is the abandonment of all good— tbe giving up 

 of the battle of life with dead nothingness, lie 

 who can implant courage In tbe human soul ia its 

 beat physician.— Von Knthtl. 



A Long Walk After a Diploma.— One of the 

 recent graduates at Oberlln, has, during bis whole 

 preparatory and collegiate course, boarded at his 

 father's, several miles from tbe College, and walked 

 baok and forth daily to his recitations. From a 

 careful computation, it appaared tbat at the time 

 of his graduation he had walked toi [hi 

 He was apparently the youngest of his class, but 

 he delivered a Hudibraatic poem on the L'uion, 

 which was received with great favor. His diploma 

 was well earned. 



tfUtfal ©lie 



MUSICAL PBACTICE AMONG BIRDS. 



Many imagine that birds sing by instinct, and 

 that their songs come to them without any labor 

 or practice. Bat ornithologists, who have made 

 tbe fcablta of the feathered tribe a life-study, hold 

 a different theory, and tell of long and laborious 

 practices in species and individuals, to acquire a 

 facility and compass of song. The following in- 

 formation, from a practiced observer, will be new 

 to many of our readers: 



" Birds have their peculiar way of Bong. Some 

 have a monotonous tone aa the bay-winged spar- 

 row. The yellow bird has a continuous chatter, 

 wi'Jiout any particular form of song. The cat 

 bird is a mocker; the golden robin baa a song of 

 Its own; bat each one may have a song of its own, 

 though thoBO of the same locality are apt to sing 

 the same tune. The hermit thrash has a round of 

 variations, perhaps tbe sweeteBt singer of the 

 feathered choir. But the song sparrow has the 

 most remarkable characteristics of song of any 

 bird that sing?. 



Every male sparrow has Beven independent 

 songs of its own— no two having the same notes 

 throughout, though sometimes, as If by accident. 

 they may hit npon one or more of the same. 



Borne males will sing each tune about fifty times, 

 though seldom; some will only sing them from 

 five to ten times But so far as I have observed, 

 each male has his seven songs. I have applied tbe 

 rule to as many as n dozen birds, and the result 

 bos been the same. I wonld say that it requires a 

 great degree of patience, and a good ear, to oome 

 at the truth of the matter; but any one may watoh 

 a male bird while slDging, and will find that be 

 will chaDge his tune in a few minute.", and then in 



A fine male sparrow has frequented tbe same 

 vicinity five springs fn succession singing the 

 same seven songs, always eicglog, within a cirole 

 of about twenty rods. On the fifth spring he came 

 a month later than obubJ; another had taken pos 

 session of his hunting grounds, bo he established 

 himself a little one Bide. I noticed that he sang 

 less frequently than of old. and In a few days bis 

 aong was hashed forever. No doubt old age 





In i 



, Iha< 



known a singer to return to tbe same place, two. 

 three and four years; bat frequently not more than 

 one. I think there is not a more interesting or 

 remarkable fact in natural history, than the one I 

 have related, and It is a fact you may confidently 

 believe."— Fttk'4 Family Journal. 



WITCHCRAFT IN EUROPE. 



In the course of the century during which this 

 fearful persecution was at its height in Germany— 

 from 1580 to 1680— it is calculated that more than 

 100,000 individuals, nine-tenths of whom were wo- 

 men, were its victims. To the honor of humanity 

 be it said, some voices were raised against this 

 bloodthirsty practice, but tbey were drowned in 

 the general clamor, lo every part of Germany, 

 Catholic, the same atrocities were 

 it length, in the year 1031, the nohle- 



of the order of Jesuits— an order which had been 

 amongst the most violent denouncers of sorcery- 

 ventured to step boldly forward and declare that, 

 among the many whom he bad accompanied to the 

 scaffold, there was not one whom he could conn 

 deutly declare guilty. "Treat me bo," he added 

 •■ treat in tbia manner the judges or heads of tht 

 Church, subject aa to the same tortures, and see i 

 you will not discover sorcerers iu us aU." Desplti 

 this burst of gencroua indignation, it was not un 

 til 1004 that this incomprehensible insanity begin 

 to abate. The lust so-called witch burnt in tin 

 German empiie was a poor nun, aged seventy, Ei 

 the year 1743, at Berg. But at Glares, in German 

 Switzerland, an execution of a similar nature toul 

 place as late as 1794. This time the victim was 

 servant girl, accused of having practiced diubob 

 cal arts to htnic tbe child of her employers. Gci 

 many, indeed, seemed to live in uu atmosphere u 

 sorcery. The ground which Faith had [oil Supei 

 stition made her own. 



DURATION OF L&BVA LIFE, 



In the "Limiicua Transactions" there is an In- 

 teresting account, by Sir. Jlarahnm, of the comiDg 

 forth of the perfect form of Bvpre&UU splendent, an 

 exotic insect, which is a wood borer in its larva 

 shape, and which he infers, from the following or 

 cumstances, and have passed full twenty years In 

 the lurva state. In the year 1810 the perfect Insect 

 emerged from the wood of a desk made of foreign 

 wood, for a public office, in 1788 S3, from which 

 the long period of its larva existence teems pretty 

 clearly shown. It would seem that meat-eating 

 larvie undergo their change most quickly, and tha' 

 those feeding underground or in wood, are the 

 most tardy in their transformations; while those 

 which are leaf-feeder*, such aa those of butterflies, 

 Ac,, hold a medium place. Bees remain about 

 twenty days in tho larva stage. The CoBsusand 

 tho May bug are said to pass three years in the 

 larva state; end the Beetle— OrycL i 

 four years. The larva of the Stag Beetle does not 

 change fur six years; while some of tbe wood- 



Robekt Fri.TON.— imong a thousand individ- 

 ual*, yoa might readily point out Robert Fulton — 

 He was conspicuous for hie gentlemanly bearing 

 and freedom from embarrassment; forhla extreme 

 activity; his height somewhat over six feet; bis 

 slender yet energetic form, and wellocconirnoda- 

 ted dies-; for his full and curly dark brown hair, 

 carelessly scattered over hi3 forehead, ond falling 

 about his neck. Bis complexion was fair; his 

 forehead high; bis eyes dark and large and pene- 

 trating, and revolving in a capacious orbit of 

 cavernous depth; his brow was thick, and evinced 

 strength and determination: bis nose was long 

 and prominent; his mouth and dps were beautiful- 

 ly proportioned, Riving the impress of eloquent 

 utterance, equally as his eyes displajci. according 

 to phrenology, a pictorial talent and the benevo- 

 lent affection-.— D 



WINTER SHOES 



Hall's Journal of HaaUft gives the following 

 sensible advice:— "Like the gnailed oak that has 

 withstood the storms and thunderbolts of centu- 

 ries, man himself begins to die at the extremities. 

 Keep the feet dry and warm, and we may snap oar 

 fingers In joyoas triumph at disease ond the doc- 

 tors; Pot on two pairs of thick woolen stockings, 

 but keep this to yourself; go to some honest son 

 of Saint Crispin, and have your measure taken for 

 a stout pair of winter boots or shoes; shoes are 

 better for ordinary, everyday use, as they allow 

 the ready escape of toe odors, while they strength- 

 en the ankles accustoming them to depend on 

 themselves. A very Blight acoldent is sufficient 

 to cause a sprained ankle to an habitual boot- 

 wearer. Brides, a shoe compresses less, and 

 hence admits of a more vigorous circulation of 

 blood, But wear boots whtu you ride or travel. — 

 Isi, to have no oork or India 

 shoes, but to place between the 

 from out to out, a piece of stout 

 iw linen which has been dipped In melt- 

 Tbis is obiolutely impervious to water 

 absorb a particle— while we know that 

 and after awhile becomes 'soggy' end 



robber about 

 layers of the b 



damp for weeks. Whe: 



first time, they will fe 



and yoa may stand on damp plac 



impunity." 



ib. n 







■! 1,1.1 - 



Treatment of I'kosted Fibt. — To cure the 

 intolerable itching that follows frOBt bitten toes, 

 it ia neceBtary to totally exclude the air from the 

 affected part. If it is not accompanied with 

 swelling, gum shellac, dissolved in alcohol, ap- 

 plied so as to form a complete coat. Is the easiest 

 remedy tbat I know of. It dries Boon, and does 

 not adhere to the etockings, and generally lasts 

 until they aro welL If the (ieBh becomes swollen 

 and painful, plasters of good sticking salve are of 

 great service, bnt, if highly inflamed, any mild 

 poultice that will exclude the oxygon of the air 

 from the diseased part, and keep it moist, allow- 

 ing the recuperative powers of nature to do the 



J0MM0 



DESCRIPTION OF SNOW-FLAKES. 



Now that winter is with us, pinching ourflngei 

 and toes, and covering the earth with its pure ond 

 beautiful mantle, a few facts about the snow will nol 

 be uninteresting or un pro lit able lo our you ug read 

 era. The Bize of the snow Bakes depends upon twe 

 causes: when the atmosphere abounds In vapor 

 and the temperature is near :iJ ; Fah., the flakes 

 large: and as the moisture diminishes and the cold 



condition of the atmosphere it is not uncoi 

 to see flakes tbU are an inch in diameter, 

 lower the temperature the less the diameter 

 flakes. At 10° Fab, snow-flakes rarelyexcee 

 en -hundredths of an inch in diameter. Snow has 

 been known to fall with a temperature that caused 

 the mercury to fall \Y and even to 20 ' below : 

 But thiB Is not common. 



which, es every accurate observer will testify, 

 slilute beautiful and regular crystals; and it i 

 copious reflection of light cauaed by these, 

 gives snow its brilliant whiteness. 



Tbo bulk of snow, just fallen, is ten or twelve 

 times greater, (more or less, depending upon 

 temperature and moisture of the atmosphere,) than 

 that of the water produced by melting it. 



Isolated OTJ stale unite under angles of 

 I20d''greee. These l,y tbtir dlllcrenl modes of 

 union form several hundred distinct 

 snow-flakes. Ecobsebt, an Arctic navigator of 

 great celebrity bis enumerated six luudred; and 

 theae are all compmed under five classes. Ac- 

 cording lo Scom m-.v the t-ur figure, itig. *jinthe 

 dlagtnm given above, ia obsem d when tbe ther- 

 mometer is ntiii the freezing point. The hexagon, 

 (fig. 2) is seen both id moderate und very low tem- 

 perature. The diagram given above present* only 

 eight of thw ninety-six ugoreB delineated by 

 l om it, however, the reader msy be 

 led to observe for himself, the great variety of 

 forme which Infinite Wisdom has given bodies of 

 bo small a bulk as snow flakes. 



The OSes of snow are well koowo W lb« Intelli- 

 gent firmer. It has b»D properly styled, "the 

 poorman-e manure ." It forms a warm covering 

 for tbe BOll, Md thus defends vegetation from tbo 

 seveiHy of tbe winter. II also diminishes the in 

 tensity of the dirknet 

 nights, and fnrnhhes a 

 the farmer to replenish 

 ncing material*, and 

 duce to market. To to 

 ■peak <.' f 

 girls, 



.ruble opportunity for 



arry bis eurplus pro- 

 log folks we need not 

 Indeed, tbe boys, and 

 think could enlighten nson this point, 



for it is along time id 



took long rides 



]gs behind fast 

 gling bells, nnd betide the girl that 

 thought the best in tbe whole town. 



THE SEA 6TAB, OB STAB-FISH. 



Scores of limeu. In onr younger days, after 

 storms, or during lew water at '•spring-tides, 1 ' 

 hove we amused ourselves ia catobing and examin- 

 ing ibeae singular fish. Tbov are covered with a 

 coriaceous crnst, and have five, or mere rajs 

 proceeding from a centre, in w liiuh la aitoated the 

 mouth. A prodigious number of ttnlacula, or 

 short fleshy tnbes, which seem nt once calculated 

 to catch prey, and to anchor the Animal to the 

 rock*, proceed from each ray. The mouth is 

 armed with Ion p teeth, for the purpose of breaking 

 the shells on which tbe animals feed. Tho animal 

 breaths by means of gills. Tho common, or five- 

 rayed star-fish, (Aittria* rubmu, Lin.) which Is the 

 species here represented, has five angular raj" 

 with prickly protuberances at the angles. When 



one of these, which he kept for some time, Mr. 

 Bikoliy observed more than four thousand ten- 

 taoula, on the under side of the rayi. 



when the water of the sea Is warmed 

 heat of the sun, they float on the surface. 

 and in the dark tbey send forth a kind of shining 

 light, resembling that of phosphoru*, 



They are often fastened to the rocks, end to tho 

 largest sea flhells, as if to derive their nourishment 

 from them, If tbey be taken and put Into spirits 

 of wine, they will continue for many years entire: 

 bat if they be lelt to the influence of the air, they 

 are, In less than four and twenty hours, melted 

 down into limpid and offensive water. 



In all of this species, none are found to possess 

 a vent for their excrements, but the ssmo pasengo 

 by which they devour their food, nerves for the 

 ejection of their fa ces. These anlmils, as was aald. 

 take Bach variety of figures, that it is Impossible 

 to describe them under one determinate shape; 

 but, in general, their bodies resemble a truncated 

 oone, whose base Is applied to the rock to which 

 they are found usually attached. Though general 

 ly transparent, jet they are found of different 

 colors, some inclining to green, some to red, some 

 to white, and some to browo. In some, their 

 colors appear diffused over the wholo surface; in 

 some tbey are streaked, and in others often spotted. 

 They ate possessed of a very slow, progressive 

 motion, and, in fine weather, they are continually 

 seen stretching out and flabing for their prey. 



REPLY TO QUESTIONS OF W. B. B , MINNESOTA 



" Is due East and West on a parallel to the equa- 

 tor?'' Certainly not. The question implies that 

 the meaning of East and West, as points, is not 

 understood. Take one of the common definitions, 



eguinextt, and West, where the sun sets at tho 

 equinoxes: or, Eat( and Weat «r^ tht 

 t/i- r./it»ftir •■:•<> '!•' liorUiiii, aod hence, when the 

 sun Is on the equator, It must tlM at the east, and 

 set at the west at all places. Tbe next <\ ueHtlon Is 

 absurd on either of these definitions. For, when 

 the sun is at the equator, it rises at the tott point 

 and disappears below the horh-on at the wttt. At 

 the poles of the earth, the east must be on a meri- 

 dian, or coincide with the south line. 



If "due East and West" were "on a parallel to 

 the equator," we could not explain the phenomena 

 presented. The eqontor is a circle lying east ond 

 west, but a parallel to it is not, as the earth la a 

 globe or sphere, nearly. 



After tho Vernal Equinox "the sun advance* 

 north " to the time of the summer solntice, or tbo 

 longest day, and of course " continues to rise and 

 set farther north of east and wesf." Tho greater 

 tbe latitude of the place, the further Is the rising 

 and setting of the sun "north of east and west.'' 

 Take the time of summer solstice; at \\M city In 

 latitude. I , tbe nun rises and sets about thirty de- 

 grees north of east and west, on thot day; at Cin- 

 cinnati, latitude 89°, about twenty-tight degrees; 

 at la.tlta.de 46", or near Sl Paul's, about thirty-five 

 degrees; ond at Hebron, Labrador, 1*1 

 about forty-six degrees " north of east ond west,'' 

 as any one many see on a globe. 



The questions are answered, and the subject ex- 

 plained once more, it is hoped, clearly and defiu 



■'•;.-. Indian r,i;A- 



icw kind of Bean; tbe seed 

 came from the eastern border of the Indian Terri- 

 tory. My father, while traveling through that 

 country, obtained tbe --ced from un old settler; the 

 bill ol fare in bin travels bttog pork and this kind 

 of bean. They aro called tbe Indian Bean. They 

 resemble very much our common pea in shape — 

 I had about a gill of seed which I planted in a gar- 

 den that my father givo me to plant, and to take 

 care of. My folkw think tbey are far superior to any 

 other kind, even the Limo. They yield largely 

 and I think It is a paying crop. Tbey grow some- 

 thing like a p<jle bean, half-way between a pole 

 and bash bean. The poda are from six to eight 

 Inohea in length and they contain from fifteen to 

 twenty beans, end tbey are well adapted to tbia 

 climate. Cultivate them as you wonld the bush 

 bean. I will eend yoa a small simple and if you 

 wish to try more, write me and I will send yoa a 

 small package by mail.— F. S. A , !!■ 



ibk<— We never saw this bean before, It 

 reddish drub color, abont the form and alzfl 

 common field pea, ond looks more like .i 

 tn a bean, and indeed has a goud deal of pea 

 We will plant tbe sample wnt na f"*A if as 

 valuable as our young frieod tWnk*, we shall con- 

 sider them quite an addition to oar lilt of vegeta- 



Lir.BAWi^-Ubrarlei <"« the Bnrin " mUn »" 

 e relics of ancient «'°* ' al1 o( lrue Tlrtue ' " a , 



that without delusion ur imposture, are preserved 



and repose.—' " 



