TWO DOLLARS 4 YEAR.) 



"PHOf.liESa AND WP1UIVEMENT." 



[SINGLE NO. FIVE CENTS. 



VOL. IX. NO. 51.1 



ROCHESTER, N. Y. -SATURDAY, DECEMBER 18, 1858. 



WHOLE NO. U7. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER, 



Agricultural, Literary and Family Newspaper. 



CONDUCTED BY D. D. T. MOORE, 



AGBICULTTJRAL EDUCATION. 



young men to gain 

 a good agricultural education- We have a host or 

 letters Inquiring where a knowledge of agricul- 

 ture can he best obtained, and we sec similar in- 

 quiries In most of the agricultural papers. We 



1 the information we have in 



:hls country, 

 indebted to 

 of the Michi 



regard to the agricultural scl 

 and for the principal facta 

 Hon. Josifh R. Williams, 

 gan State Agricultural College. 



MuaidiN has been tn actual operat 

 13th, 1857. IU Faoulty consists o 

 and foul 



at present for 100 students. Its design is to unl 

 physical with mental culture, to adorn* the Btude: 

 a chance to earn In part his own education, and 

 chance to apply himself, free of tuition, to those 

 sciences and practical art?, that may render him 

 aolcntlQc farmer and uu enlightened citizen. Tl 

 farm consists of 07fl acres, mostly wild land, * 

 boliove, and therefore much of the time and labor 

 of the students is devoted to chopping aod clear- 

 ing up." The institution, we understand Is fulL 

 How much the students learn of practical or sci- 

 entific agriculture, we cannot s.»y. About a year 

 Bince we heard of some difficulty between the stu- 

 denta and officers in regard to provisions provided 

 for their consumption. 



Tub Nbw York Statb Agricultural College 

 was incorporated in IW9. It* creation was princi- 

 pally due to the energy of the late lamented Jons 

 Dilaiield, who was chosen its first President 

 After his death, the work was suspended. It was 

 revived In 185(1. The farm, embraoing 086 acres, 

 was then purchased at a cost of $15,000, princi- 

 pally by subscriptions of the farmers of Seneca 

 County. It Is situated on an eligible and com- 

 manding position, stretching from the village of 

 Ovid l 





iety, SIO.000 subscribed *oy Ihe citizens of Centre 

 bounty, $5,000, a bequest of Elliott C&BfliOV, aud 

 $25,000 appropriated by the State. The fnrtl crttim 

 "i,000 has been appropriated by the Bmta on 

 condition that an equal sum be ra'bsoi - 



Its whole means, therefore, ifihc labaodp- 

 lion Is completed, of which no doubt remains, are 

 $100,000, and the farm donated by Gen. Ihvin, 

 at $12,000. One win? of the main DoTJegfl build- 

 ing Is nearly erected, and tbe present design of 

 the Trustees ia to open the Institution on the 15th 

 of February next, -with 100 student?, to be in- 



Toe Maryland Aurici-lit/hal College was 

 Incorporated by the State in 1856, and $l',o00 per 

 annum appropriated towards its support provided 

 subscriptions to the amount of $50,000 were first 

 secured. That object having been effected during 

 the last winter, the Institution wai organized and 

 the College located on a tract of 428 acres of land, 

 purchased at Bladensburg, Bear Washington, from 

 the estate of Hon. C. B Calyrrt, the largest 

 Stockholder and President of the Board of Trus- 

 tees. The corner stone of an extensive edifice 

 was laid on the 24th of Augnst last, and the design 

 is to push the work to rapid conclusion. 



The Stats Agricclttral College of Iowa 

 was incorporated tn March last The preliminary 

 appropriations are $10 000, and five tections of 

 lands heretofore granted by Congress for erection 

 of Capitol buildings. Localities vie with each 

 other In offers of money or land to secure its loca- 

 tion, varying in value from $10,000 to $'25,000. It 

 is to he fully organized and located in January 



Seneca Luke. A loan 



by the State or 



for twenty years withu 





n 100 acres of the este 



e. The Trustees 



utracted for the erectio 





a College building, to be 



completed in one 



160 i 



iblc funds for this purpose, now 

 consist of $35,000. Wbea this institution will be 

 ready for students, or how desirable will be faelll 

 ties for eduoation wc cannot say. We fear the 

 prospects are not very encouraging. 



The People's OOWHM at Havana, Schuyler 

 County, in this State, was incorporated in 1837. 

 Its Charter contemplates a capital of $860,000, 

 whloh may bo increased to S'OO.OflO, of which 

 enough hu been already subscribed to encourage 

 the balUf that the experiment will be fairly 

 The cornet stone of the main edifice was I 

 the second d,. y r September last, and the T. 



ted as an Iud 

 College, for it < 

 labor tn IU plac 

 acres of land. 



than Agricultural 



>wlcdge can he obtained with the greatest facil- 

 ity; study the levt English books, such as ISohs 

 null's Ril ■■ E I :■■ Agricultural 



iKitri/. Cycloptdia •<) Agriculture &c„ *ft, read 

 American Agricultural Journals, for the ex- 

 ence of the best farmers; end ia this way 

 you will gain a vast amount ol jott the knowledge 

 you will need. Test every theory, as fir as prjfBt 

 ble, by practice, and in this way not only will their 

 truth or falsity be marie manifest, but the facts 

 will be indelibly impres-ed upon the mind. Watoh 

 closely the practice of good cultivator*, and you 

 will see much to imitate and some things to avoid. 

 Do this, and you will make good practical farmers, 

 with its good a claim to be tekntffic as ihoBe who 

 boast their science, though you may never enter 

 an Agricultural College. 



PRACTICAL NOTES. 



An agriculturist ouce wrote, "men have ex 

 plored the caves of India, the buttle fields o 

 Europe, and the coasts nf Africa, for the element 

 of feitility; vet upon our own farms, in adjoinini 

 workshops, or In neighboring towns, are to b 

 found notone, bnt manysonrces from which ferti 

 li/ersmay be obtained. How many corners iu hi 

 own farm afford the farmer the vegetable an 

 mineral constituents of nselnl compusis — hoi 

 many clay and mail beds, that would remedy th 

 physical imperfections of the sandy surface, ar 

 permitted to remain iu shapeless and useless Idlt 



arious kinds oi mannul 



a be compulsory on both 

 teacher end student, a plarj, if •uscenM, admira- 

 bly adapted to prepare n new clask r Professors, 

 such as new Institutions of the age wy demand. 

 It contemplates a wide range of study, l, ) cs3i jq 

 the language of Its Charter, than " Literatau. Sci- 

 ence, Arts and Agriculture." From the * e i| 

 known ability and energy of the Directors of tb.it. 

 Institution we have great hopes of its success. 



TaB Fakmiiis' HlGB BCBOOLQZ PUtHSTLVAHU 

 was incorporated in 1855. It Is located nine miles 

 twutta-weat of Bellefuute, in Centre County. 

 Mm of land, the munificent gift of Gen. Jakes 

 Ihviv The farm, to which 'JOO acres bav 

 adilfi t,v purchase, 1» being brought rapidly in'o 

 nbich sute of cultivation. Its resources consist 

 ot $10,00.0 donated by the State Agrleuliu 



Toe Minnesota Agiji cultural COLLBQl was 

 incorporated during the present year. It is loca- 

 ted at Glencoe, MoLeod County. The farm con- 

 sists at present of 320 acres of land. Us design, 

 scope, and principal feature?, as well as that ol 

 tbe Iowa College, closely retemb'e thoie of the 



The Agricultural Colleges of Michigan, 

 and Minnesota, ate State Institutions. The 

 Hew York, Pennsylvania and Maryland, ar 

 joint works of public spirited individuals and the 

 respective States. 



In anticipation of all these efforts, the Farmers' 

 College near Cincinnati, Ohio, under the auspices 

 of F. 0, CiRY, Esq., ond other public spirited gen- 

 tlemen, has for several years promoted the colli va- 

 ' the earth in conjunction with literary and 

 flc pursuits. It is, however, a Classical In- 

 in, embracing other objects, and prescribed 

 labor in the culture of tbe soil, is not a compulsory 

 fea'ure of its plan. 



A bill establishing an Agricultural College iB 



iw pending before the Legislature of uhlo, and 

 will probably be reached at its adjourned session, 

 the approaching winter. Its friends are not sau- 



The Legislature of Massachusetts, in 185C, incor- 

 porated a School of Agriculture, which must be 

 dependent entirely on subscriptions for Its future 

 establishment. In 1850, Massachusett". In advance 

 of other States, appointed Commissioners to inves- 

 tigate the subject, and Prof. Hitchcock made an 

 elahorato Beport relative to Agricultural Colleges 

 in Europe. A plan was recommended for Agricul- 

 tural Education, but no effective action was taken 

 on the subject. Two citizens of Massachusetts 

 Benjamin Brssay, of Roxbury, and Oliver Smith, 

 of Hatfield, have made princely bequests to be used 

 In some remote future contingencies for founding 

 Agricultural Colleges, but available for no Imme- 

 diate use. 



Agricultural Professorships have been endowed 

 In the Universities of Virginia and Georgia, by 

 public spirited Individuals, and a'so exist in save' 

 ) of the country. 

 uch a Professor- 

 c Schools of an elevated character, 

 have been connected with many of the older Instl- 



Here we have given, on the authority before 

 mentioned, a catalogue of the Agricultural School* 

 in operation, as well as those of which we may 

 have reasonable hopes. Young men can tbui 

 judge for themselves of the prospects of obtaining 

 scientin: agricultural education through any of 

 icse instiiutions. The great drawback to to 

 lency of these Bchools, supposing them 

 sufficiently well endowed, is competent lead: 

 Professors of the Natural Sciences can be obtained 

 without difficulty, but who among all our learned 

 have studied the Sciences with reference 

 application to Agriculture? Who amongo 

 '. practical farmers are so preeminently go 

 competent to act as models and ttirettt 



:ved the purpoa 





all the purposes of tbe farmer, by whom they aie 

 capable of being made, in many instances, valuable 

 agents of fertility." This is true, and a glance at 

 aome of these sources of fertility lying or running 

 waste, may not be unpr-.«li table. Tbe drainage 

 of the fiist importer"-*, and »d 





Perhaps 



rjjporUnce 

 i. as this w 





only of the urine, but a solution of the richest 



easily be preserved, by a proper arrangement, 

 if not convenient to use in a liquid form, ma 

 thrown over the compost heap, and it wouli 

 well were it formed principally of turf or 

 muck. Such a compost would be an excellent 

 to throw all blood and animal matter, at 

 killing time, while weeds and vegetable refuse 

 . decay quicker if composted with stable 

 re. A compoBt of rotten turf saturated with 

 ods and other slops and refuse from the 

 house, is a regular guano heap. A farmer who 

 r a neighbor cutting a drain from his yard, to 

 ry off the drainage of his house and sheds, re- 

 ported around that he observed his neighbor cut- 



Those who live near a town, oan pick up a large 

 amount of the very bent kind of manure, by keep- 

 ing an eye open. The finest pile of mannre thai 

 we ever owned, was made of the sweepings of a 

 blacksmith's shop. At one time we observed 

 workmen pulling down an old livory stable, to put 

 up stores in its place. Tbe soil beneath the floor 

 had been saturated with liquid manure for more 

 than a score of years. We found the person who 

 had the contract for digging the cellar, and en 

 gaged the surface soil eighteen inches deep, at 

 twenty-five cents a load, and would like to get a 

 similar chance at one dollar. About tbe best field 

 of wheat we ever saw, belonged to a comb maker, 

 who had used the horn-shavings for manure. One 

 of the most effective manures we ever used, was 

 the refuse from a woolen factory. Many of these 

 Ad otherB which we have not mentioned, the 

 farmer who Is constantly on the look out for ferti- 

 lizing materials, can obtain at a very cheay rate. 

 Bedding to Save Liquid Manure. 



Terhaps the best bedding for this purpose is 

 dried muck from swamps. Saw-dust is good, tho' 



fit- ' 





r decomposition. Tbe liquid 

 ire will hasten it» decay. In this city 

 Is used to aome extent by keepers of horses, 

 b economy and cleanness alone. According 

 iCisiNOirLT, 160 pounds of pine saw-dust 



!!,■]■ h L 



S 1(1.1 ;■ 



Fowl Manure. 



No mannre obtained by the farmer Is as 

 able as the manure from tho poultry honsi 

 this there is no question, and jet we can I 

 answer the question "in what way I, 



WILLARD* 



■ 



VKOF.TAr.I-K (.UTTER. 



This machine baa been in use two or th 



and is commended by those who have t 

 ■ably adapted 



vo bushel* of roots per minute, and that It cuts 

 afficiently fine for young lambs and calves— not 



... i„ ■•■. :•■■■ '■ ■ ' : ' '" ,! ' ' 





lb to prevent choking. It al 



o best condition for mixing with meal, 



ut hay and straw. We are Inclined to 



If as 



», will ere long 



the price, (which we think is only $10,1 and where 

 ',} maybe ob tained. It should be on sale at the 



Tr;. Tv5r(rTrtu*r » iuroiig'Mnt the country. 



■ five 



superb liquid i 



li Icl-. 



pur, 



being watered t 

 liquid food. If 

 half a pint of the dr 

 in each hill, will give 

 have bBen able to g 

 radishes, next spring 

 drills, (not too early) 



need atlmuU- 



>on as they appear above gronud, 

 t of tbe way of the "bugs," and 

 ige, cauliflower plants, Ac., for the 

 Celery plants after being set out 

 may be hurried up amazingly by 





b bed 





p times a week with this 

 corn iB wanted, 

 i hen dung, finely scattered 

 ir, and no mistake. If you 

 ■ow only hard, hot, wormy 

 low the seed iu very shallow 

 In a warm, sheltered place, 

 rith a thin dressing of ooal 

 the liquid hen manure each 

 f the season Is as favorable 



bs ordinary, you will hnve 

 trial A little charcoal < 





■i'l><?nt the 



EDUCATION OF THE HAULS. 



Eomr t'me since the Hfk*i. related th^ doing! of 



corn each, from six o'clock in tbe morning to six 

 o'clock in the evening, having their dinners 

 brought to them in the lot— they Invite competi- 

 tion. My father tells about his coofiiu U: ft'.! <'.>u 

 necliont, who hosked -ij'''v bushels of corn In a 

 day—but I suppose In this matter we are not to bid 

 down as they do when they take contracts on the 

 public work-, — If that was the game, I could tell 

 t.f several remarkably ims/f days' works done by 

 my month hands. Mr. Goeton, my neighbor, tells 

 me a story on the other side of the question. A 

 young man, Wahren Allen, hnsked one hundred 

 bushels of corn from $mn o'clock in the morning 



' Dbapeb husked o 



i*li-b.ii 



Tb« C 



' tipii 



kt, binding 



tops, and mostly of the Pent variety— the buskers, in 

 both oases, went abont one-fourth of a mile to din- 

 ner, husking only about ten hours. Th* work was 

 fairly done, Mr. Gorton measured the corn and 

 certifies to the facts. 



So remarkable a text, it seems to roe, nright not 

 to be onpreached from. Oar anbjept nsturally 

 divides itself Into two heads: 



do a great denl if be trie?. 



. If hek 





ir.l'y 



Thi 



for the 1 



D*? 



and Vegetable Physiology, and 



■ at home— anywhere that the 



i made only in small quanti- 

 t may be tree, that as a general thing 

 it is wasted. It may be thrown with 

 lore, muck and refuse on the compost 

 oor plan is to sate it for iftdai pnrpo- 

 3 generally use it in the vegetable garden, 

 is not only valuable, but exceedingly 

 t. When dry, It may be sown with 

 other seeds In the drills, at planting 



msny Ifs'tes", half-wakiog, 

 half-sleeping, half-working, half playing, half mov- 

 ing, half-resting, half iblotlng. hnlfdreamlng ope- 

 rations occur in this Uptime of ours. What's In 

 a purpottl A fortune— * kingdom— a character, 

 even! To resolve, to really resolve. Is to do! A 

 man aome times thinks be has made np hla mind 

 when he ntant. He mistakes desires fjr determi- 



nat j 00 a purpott implies possibility and means. 



How can a sane man attempt what Is utterly nnit- 

 talnable? 

 Touching every -day business, who has not 



observed how much mure some people BOOOmplulb. 



Is with men as with horses and ox*n,— the amount 

 of work done depends on the gait, and th at depends 

 on habit and education. One of the best ox team- 

 et»rs I ever knew, RbMBIIB Waurew, would not 

 drive steers In the same team with dull, lazy oxen, 

 which aomebotly else had spoiled— hU oxen never 

 wore slow, for he made them " leatk r,;i," on the atari, 

 and all through. 



Of course, neither men nor oxen can go fast for 

 a great length of time— then rest when It Is neces- 

 sary. Fatigue may frequently be avoided by vary- 

 ing one's work, doing something else for a while, 

 and this without detriment to one's business. If 

 tbe apple trees are to tie trimmed, and the carrots 

 to be wed, let that mix In with heavy work. In- 

 stead of splitting rills all of one day, and plowing 



jichtl 





to split half a day. and then plow half a day. These 

 remarks are aimed, however, at mepDij and drawl- 

 ing without reuson and without necessity. 



Secondly. Much dependsupon knowing hot* In 

 other bran thea of business, men and boys aro not 

 expected to understand a thine before they learn It; 

 but in farming, If your father is a farmer, eo called, 

 and yon are born on a farm and live there, there is 

 nothing to be said about it— you area farmerhf 

 "divine right," qualified for anything and every- 

 thing In your line of bua'ness! Seriously and 

 soberly, onr boya go to work, and work on 

 witb»ut systematic and competent instruction In 

 any branch of business, — they chop, and mow, 

 and plow, without being chuppeia, mowers, or 

 plowmen — they neither work well, nor expedi- 

 tiously. Yon need not make up faceaat mc-I tell 

 you plainly you ain't the first rational idea about 

 what SB tdutaltd hand (palm and flngeie) can (Jo.— 

 yoohaya hear! abuut "../■-'" W iwd" and you 

 think It m-ans spirit rapping, or mesmerism, or 

 some oilier mystery,— it is simply knowledge, dex- 

 terity and agility, which should characterize every 

 move we make and every act we perform. 



peeking roiod once in the city of New York to 

 «ee what I could see, 1 alrajed into the Post-Office, 

 and there saw a man assorting letter*,— he had a 

 large number of small boxes before him, the most 

 dlatsnt of which were several feet from him. J3* 

 took np what he could with one hand, then with 

 the other took » single letter, glanced at It, and, 

 quick u thought, ptithtd it, quoit fashion, Into the 

 right box, (I suppose,)— he did i 



* it H 



instantly let another go 



attempted to do that thing half as fast, I'll be 



that somebody woald'nt have got letters to " 



The point and moral of all this la, *" lnt we ' 



'gut, but 



IM.J I 







and expertness in the several i 



somely with less than h»'' ' 

 strength which the next m u£ ' ' 

 half as smooth. I hfl* e MeD ( 

 iobindlDgone ac"> of « iain ' 

 in binding two. I have seen A 



^omenta of farm 

 n a swath hand- 

 i expenditure of 





