DEC It. 



MOORE'S RURAL NEW-YORKER: AN AGRICULTURAL AND FAMILY NEWSPAPER. 



Orchard mi (Bax&tn. 



LAST WORDS »OB 1858 

 i the lut opportunity wo abBll have to 



oar bortl cultural readers oncl the first 

 .f tb« volume for 1859. We will only say 



new tFDe a most beautiful bariicaltaral 



gaining 'i' 1 

 edge. Every* 



ling 



wt-h t 



xpense will be spared 



iral knowi- 

 ng It. will be rally and 



f the brut elai 



ingravinga 



la this department last year, we gave aboat one 

 hundred and Ofiy engravings, and in the coming 

 year we shall do aa well, — at least, we eball do all 

 that a proper understanding of the subjects dis- 

 cussed or the Interests of oar readers require. 



doing a work for the Horticulture of the Country 

 nneqaaled by any other half-a dozbn Journals; 

 nod, we think, therefore, we have a claim opon the 

 kind offices of all lovers of Fruit* and Flowen>, 

 and with confidence call upon nil disciples of 

 Flora and Pguona to aid us in extending the clr- 

 la.iun and Influence of a journal so well calculated 



r.ihc 



..andrtifKi 



TBEES-THEIB BEAUTY AND UTILITY, HO D 



One of their greatest cbarms is the sweet music 

 trees constantly afford. From the " little leaves," 

 of Tennyson, which, " laughing, clap their bands 

 with glee," to the "far spreading wood" of the 

 graver poet, where, " mighty winds niufee music 

 not unlike the roar of Ocean In his winding caves," 

 there la a perpetual hymn of natore sounding 

 among the trees; sometimes sweet-voiced and 



low; 



others, high ( 



.t-slirrir 



unfrcquently, wild and sublime, as that of some 

 lonely, mid-night oak, 'when the storms in his 

 branches shout." Amid the harsh and dissonant 

 noises with which our ears are pained in this age 

 of steam-whistles nnd ponderous machinery, this 

 violent forcing every where of material m 







screams and protests of inarticulate life, in being 

 thus forced, how sweet it is to listen to tbat low, 

 magical under tono which is perpetually murmur- 

 ing wherever there is a tree, speaking of peace 

 and rest, and calling the too anxious spirit away 



Having Indulged myself in a few rather fan< 

 reflections aboat trees, I shall now proceei 

 consider tbem in a more practical light. A 

 can never be considered merely en article of 

 until it is actually cat down. Ab long as it st: 

 npon the earth, it most be viewed partly a 

 object of taste, and when it is used for convenit 

 or ornament, reference sboold always l>e ha 

 the peculiar characteristics of the t 



ptBC 



think that if they plant 

 matter where or of what kind, they have done 

 their duty. Not at all It Is so easy to pat the 

 right thing in the right pi 



m why. I do 

 because the 

 Bakes the place a water-tank, and apon thai 

 ore sand and the more vegetable mould, the 

 deadly to the life and bedth of the me — 

 •n years I have practiced setting a few shade 

 and fralt trees, and I can't say, with most corres- 

 pondents, with success, bat with uniform failure. 

 log deep and large, tilled with sand and 

 chips— dag trees when the ground was frozen four 

 es deep, so as to remove roots and dirt for 

 ) feet aroond the tree— set large tree*, and 

 I, and all to see them die after a sickly growth 



or three years. Bat do not understand me 



1 never made any trees grow; for sometimes 

 I have dag more than I had places prepared— 



oked, nnpromtBlng trees, which were sot in 



One of the moat delicate and beautiful of all our 

 summer apples is the Summer Rose. It is rather 

 small, even below medium size, but this is no 

 objection, In our opinion, to a dessert apple. There 

 la no object in growing apples for the table as large 

 as small pampklna. The skin la emooth as marble, 

 but of a rich, aoit, waxen yellow, finely and deli- 

 cately touched wiih a little red on the sunny side. 



'he Been is ten 

 ind refreshing 

 rhe tree grows 



their gardei 

 apples 



d abounds with a sprightly 

 Bipens here in August.— 

 slowly when yonng, but is a 

 1 1 is ju-i the apple for the amateur's 

 )se who grow dwarf apple trees in 

 shoald mark the Summer Rose as 

 jrmers, near large cities, who grow 

 market, would find this a paying variety, 



great a profusion, of pines, poplars, elms, maples 

 and willows, but they appeared to have been plant- 

 ed on no other principle than that of an equal 

 scattering of all the different kinds over the whole 

 area. No sister willows drooped their arms caress- 

 ingly over a bypath; no family of thick standing 

 pines gave an air of privacy and seclusion, invit- 

 ing confidential friends, or solitary, thoughtfal 

 souls to seek their dim recesses; no sturdy maple 

 or oak bad a fair field left to him, in which to 

 stretch his arms and build his broad and massive 

 tower; bat every Individual tree seemed elbowing 

 ita neighbor, and all were growing together in a 

 tame, promiscuous, expressionless manner, with- 

 out exciting the admiration, or affording the 

 pleasure which a different grouping would bavo 

 enabled them to do. To be sure, the trees were 

 half grown, and time may do something for them, 

 more especially as many were dying out, thereby 

 affording more scope for the others. 

 A tree which woald be extremely interesting ia 



A walnat scattered here and there, over a plowed 

 field or u stony paBtore, its slender shadow, and ita 

 promise of autumn treasure to the boys and girls 

 if the neighborhood, is much more in pie 



NATIVE GRAPES. 



aud some inferior e 



interested ia over p 

 the result of the pn 

 the grounds of the ' 



interesting. It must 



Oneida County, i 



e grape?, and particularly the 

 jiving such general attention, 

 irtsarc loudly applauded by 



9 remembered that the sea 

 for ripening the Isabella In 

 noBt places ia Western New 



ier pruning, the Isabella will 



-This is a seedling in- 

 of New Lebanon, and 

 parent, 





a ,.t i 





e tield f 





drooping willoi 



There is bo much sentlmentand 



latter tree, that it should 



troduced by the SbaUei 

 partakes strongly in habit and flavor of it 

 the New England " Fox grape." Fruited 

 time this season by us. The clusters we: 



of the same age and similarly situated. It may 

 improve by different pruning from what we have 

 given it The berries shell badly from the cluster, 

 which will detract from its market value. Ripened 



I L - .ii. 









iu.ik 





■ The 



manly oak, the pensive yew," the monrnfal cypress, 

 the graceful willow, the delicate birch, the laugh- 

 ing poplar, are terms which arise from the univer- 

 sal law of association, and In grouping trees.refer- 

 once should be had to the character and effect of 

 each. We have but to recollect the involuntary 



nave produced in oar minds, to be aware bow 

 much depends on this adaptation 





,- a,! 



perfect uniformity. Witness Ihe 

 >wa of elms in Temple, and other 

 Btrcets In New Haven, Connecticut. Their stately 

 forms, their regnlarly curving branches, produc- 

 ing long reaches of solemn. Gothic arches; the 

 comparative lightness of the foliagewhioh natural- 

 ly teats in a spreading crown, sufficient for orna- 

 ment and shade, bat without obscurity or gloom; 

 tbe great height at which the foliage is borne, like 

 plies of green, feathery clouds far overhead, leav- 

 ing an open space below, wb 

 and gleama of sunlight dai 



hance the satisfaction which we f 

 lug beneath these fine old trees. 

 peculiarly adapted to the quiet, refit 

 of a place whose chief feature is a 

 learning, where the studious and t 

 walk, and where the bustle and tun 

 ure almost nnknown. 



iir circulates, 



irely misplaced, 

 preaslon in this 



ays be placed near the 

 if men, or in places much frequented by 

 them. It is peculiarly approprate to a gate way; 

 lovely when drooping over an arbor ; inviting, when 

 mingling with batton-woods, it shades the low, 

 green bank of a river; touching when it hangs its 

 pensile boughs over the little mound in the grave- 

 yard, and gracefal and suggestive everywhere. 



Here I would remark, that it is a little singular 

 that the Lombardy poplar, once such a favorite, 

 should have gone so entirely out of eight. In 

 certain circumstances it has a very fine effect, 

 especially by way of contrast and variety among 

 treeB of alight and wavy character; or, where an 

 effect of art and refinement ia wished for ia a wild, 

 uncultivated spoL If the cultivation of this tree 

 were sparingly revived, end that of the ailanthos, 

 awkward branches and disgusting and un- 

 healthy odor, discountenanced, il would be aa im- 

 provement to the country. The absence of the 

 ailanthus might also be supplied by the sumach, 

 which is similar in tbe character of its foliage, and 

 has the advantage of being resplendent in the 

 autumn, and which, if cultivated, rises to the dig- 

 nity of a tree— rather a tow one, to be sure, but not 

 on that account the less desirable ia certain situa- 

 tions. A clump of rocks, if you are so fortauato 

 aa to have one In Bight, with here and there a 

 small fir, or pine, or hemlock, inserted In its crevi- 

 ces, and a group of sumachs, or two or three 

 butternuts, planted at its foot, \au operation which 

 might be accomplished in a single day. i instead of 

 being the deformity which it it 





of maplei 



ling to stately 



m trees would have disturbed the 

 I marmd the beauty. A grove of evergreeens 

 the non>! B ide of a house, to screen it from the 

 id, or plauv-d io the corner of an open field, to 

 do the- Hook [n summer and protect it in 

 iter, Is always >(r r eeable from the ideas of 

 hich It suggest*, while a 

 g alone and 



r a hemlock, 



lawn, pleases the lamination by the 



-- * savage simply affords, to the 



■ croups i 



iuld, in 

 t pleasing to the e 



Is many parts 

 beauty on a fari 



billty and 



high and exact cultival 



But It is In the 

 clomps of tree?, in parks and lawns 

 grounds, that tbe hand of taste la most din j DC 

 visible. I remember, on coming suddenly npF) L , 

 John's Park, In New York, being wonderfc 

 struck with the artistic disposition of the tre 

 tbe sixes, forms, and shades of color, being so 

 combined aato produce the most varied and beau- 

 tiful effect Here every tree had evidently been 

 planted with reference to its immediate neighbors, 

 aa<i *ko to the genera! effect of the whole. Maple, 

 willow, poplar, locust, hone-chestnut — almost 

 every common tarlcty of tico was there, yet so 

 grouped u to acquire a new and startling beauty. 

 I walked, not long since, through Worcester 

 Square, 1D s «w Haven. There was a profusion, too 



■rally the fact is ignore 

 e country, of tbo value of 

 iboot a farm-house or cottage, 

 as giving comfort, respocta 

 ; to tbe family, or aa enhanc 

 ig the value of property by templing the eye of 

 ealth and taste, and securing a liberal purcbasi 

 a purchaser is wanted. There is no doubt th: 

 mil beauty yields a large profit 

 liary point of view. — 

 Audio no one thing can this beauty be secured 

 so readily as In tbe cultivation of trees. Plant 

 them, and guard them until they have acquired 

 b little strength, and nature, with her dews and 

 winds, her sunshine and sbowers, does the rest 

 They make the mother proud of her home — 

 It ia their beauty and their 

 he children in their plays, 

 their repose — the traveler 

 asses on his journey — tbe 

 ur sweetly in their branches, 



PLANTING TREES ES CLAY SOILS. 

 Miaaas Ens:— In a late number of tbe PraAi 



mellow and enrich the soil belo 

 stand. This advice will 

 ed on a stiff clay soil. Tts- 

 rt a inly know, hot suppose 





land of Canada thistle* 



on with a successful 

 emigrated from the 

 1 his hired man went 



:i ihe mils-' < 



he shower, died root and branoh, the 

 it BiB conclusion was that tbe wate 

 avities of the stub before the sap could 

 it. and rotted the root. Try it, 

 ihed with the vegetable. 



jabks— The trouble with our friend's plant- 

 i that he does not thoroughly prepare the 

 i ground by draining and subsolllng, aawe 

 imended an inquirer in Canada to do, in the 

 umber. Pigging a large bole in a stiff, Im- 

 [>us clay, and filling it with a light loam, 

 p, of coarse, a good "sink-bole " for the water, 

 i cannot pasa through tbe clay soil. Dig a 

 in clay ground, aa deep as yon thould dig loi 

 i, Bay two feet deep, and if the water lies in 

 g after showers, spring and fall, or any time 



PRESBSVTWG GRAPES. 



You say in last weei\ r C eal, in reply to • 

 query of tbe "Montgomery Udgn," that » there Is 

 keeping grapH D «re until after 

 would add, that thtre is no difficul- 

 ty la keeping them until spring. !\«pt ibem last 

 until the 15th of Jane, and they ««re then 

 ly as fresh and fine flavored aa then first 



gather 

 ibeia, in good 

 of May. I nse 

 of newspapers, 

 thickness only 



- hte i 



>lack wadding, instead 



them in, but any other clean, shallow 

 i well. They should be taken up at 

 ring tbo winter, and all the decoyed 



a removed, 

 it "they n 



> after picking 1 



well kept" which accords with 



The Cataida will become sweet and lus- 

 if gathered soon after i bey begin to color, 

 and whilst quite acid, and will keep better than 

 when Bllowed to get folly ripe before gathering, 

 but tho flavor will not be as perfect. 



Grspe culture Is just In ita Infancy in this 

 country. The lime will come when every farmer— 

 every family I might say— will lay by a supply of 

 grapes for winter nse, as regularly aa they now do 

 potatoes, aud (Ihope) wben 



all the t 

 How I v 



o used, will b 

 i that I conld add that nothing «iro 

 ank and that, onfy at home, but I feui 

 see that happy day. r. n. i 



hmsftt ^r0ncm». 



HOW TO IMPROVE CIDER. 



■mod to tho Massachusetts Horticultural 

 i valuable recipe for the improvement 

 rvatiou of cider, which the SpricRiield 

 i recommends to general trial. It la as 



when tbe ground i 

 same thing will occur 

 and fill it with loam 

 expected to tlouriah ii 

 should we expect any bi 



for it it was kept light, 

 tree is planted should bi 

 theeauie as if tilled w 





iured the 

 ree in It, 



:ded by the Dila\ 

 arly maturity. 

 Concord — This grape we consider a decidedly 



—perfectly eoand and healthy. 1 

 ind hardly as the Clinton: has n< 

 i flavor aa the Isabella, yet none, we think, could 

 lesitate in saying that it Is good enough. First 

 ipe grapea were picked Sept. 17th. It has not 

 ieen bo uniformly productive with us as the La 

 itlla; still it is generally considered very product 

 ve; and some vines of onrs give signs of great 

 small vino having only aboui 

 feet of bearing wood, bore fourteen clusters 

 ae grapes. We havo planted thlsfor a leading 

 variety. 



Oak.— This is a •'humbug" grape, 

 ,o a great extent, we judge, by pei 

 who had little just appreciation of good fro 

 desire to introduce valuable grapes. A worthless 

 grape la onr esteem, and, says a nurseryman, " nc 

 worth the strings which hold it upon the trellis." 

 Clusters small, none exceeding fifteen berries, yet 

 some berries were four inohes la circumference. 

 One vine, large onoagb to have borne twenty or 

 thirty pounds, hardly yielded as many ounces. 

 There are bo many inferior grapes cultivated in 



glad to help "write down" one of them. 



Clinton, — This is a very hardy and productive 

 grape with as. It partakes more of the nature of 

 the frost grape than of tho fox grape. When al- 

 lowed to fully ripen, its acerbity of flavor is much 

 diminished, and is greatly liked by many who do 

 not object to acid frnita. Bears handling well, 

 and makes a violet-colored wine, which, however, 

 needs some aogar in the manufacture. 



Diana — This beautiful grape we fruited this 

 season for the first lime. It gives signs of being 

 prolific. In all epicurean qualities It Is superior 

 to the Isabella. Ripe Sept 25th, fully two weeks 

 earlier than the ttabeUa, growing under the same 

 conditions. Ita frait appears to be slightly dis- 

 posed to shrivel and drop. 



Ia*!] 

 fully I 



cs? Tbe only trc 

 i, and deeply pnlvei 

 not matter bow larg 1 

 a loam or Band 



ing soil, what fralt 

 under such circa ro- 

 sy is to thoroughly 

 i Btiff soil, and then 

 hole ia made, 

 Disced 



uade, or htm 



uvt,-,,-" -. 





The scripture quotation is quite out ol 

 The direction to " dig abont and dung it," 

 made in reference to planting a tree, bu 

 something towards saving and making fruit 

 that we presume had been badly planttd, oi 

 in a poor soil. 



cither in a mental o 



the superannuated i 

 bleaseB tbem as he 



illness or sensibility, tbey awaken a 



Sqi-abbis.— r n answer to E. I>. J. in regard t< 

 the Low Dutch Squash, I would say that I am no 

 acquainted with my variety by that nBme, but w< 

 have two kinds here that answer his description 

 One is a medium B iz»d squash, good baker fo 

 table nse; the other Is a very larga size.— G. D. J 

 ymaalia, Cass Co , .V,^ 1 



nd each. Though this grape would have folly 

 ned with ns, yet we wore Induced to gather 

 t of the crop before folly ripe from fear of 



The 



can be said < 



■ le- 



ripening. 



uncertainty always attends i 



liar experience has continue, 

 tlcal conclusions, among which 



1st Shelter from west and nc 

 maturity. 



2d. Summer pruning 

 early maturity of the frt 

 enabling the latter to 

 Cluster? most exposed 

 equal, are soonest ripe. 



3d. Deep culture is Eat 



4th. Mineral manures 

 sounder growth, thus r 

 hardy, and less pincbin 

 cessary. 



Gib. The raising of grapi 

 eat waye wbloh every man who owns a rood 

 ground, can take to supply him and bis with 



i fe w prac 

 riodB hasteni 



or pinching favor 

 ;it and wood, thus better 

 bear tbe cold of wlntei 

 to the son, other things 



st favorable to a vigorous 



produce a slower and 

 enderiog the wood moie 



; or summer pruning ne 



f the quick- 



A Rcesian HotHodbk.— Bayard Taylor de- 

 scribes the magnificent green houses, which the 

 Czara maintain, lor the prodaction and growth ot 

 tropical and other exotic plants, amidst the anows 

 of Russia: 



"The Botanical Garden, in which I spent ao 

 afternoon, contains one of tbe finest collections of 

 tropical plants in Europe. Here, in latitnde C0' ? , 

 yon may walk through an avenue of palm trees 

 sixty feet high, under tree ferns and bananas, by 

 nd Indian lily, and hanks of splendid 

 orchids, breathing an air heavy with tho richest 

 and warmest odors. The extent of these giant 

 hot-houses cannot be less than a n 

 The short summer and long, dark winter of tho 

 north, requires a peculiar course of treatment 

 these children of the sua. Hating the three wi 

 months they are forced as much aa possible 

 that tbe growth of six months is obtained In I 

 time, and tbo productive qualities of the plant 



1b obtained, 



noble specimens:. 

 fs now In blossoi 

 such a latitude.' 





i thrives as steadily as ii 

 The palms, ia panic 

 One of thorn (ar/ionie,] 



trancpiant B»< 



, bpruce, Ac?— U S. ( 



, He. 



It Y 



rgreena may be transplant 

 n tho winter, when the ground is frozen, with 

 all of earth attached to the roots. This ia s 

 , though troublesome operation, but pays well 

 ire a few fine apeclmens are needed for parties 

 locations. Por general planting we like tbe 

 ;r part of May, 



PBARTRKB9 



the Louise F 



yo 

 Culture. 



jppuck, occur* the folk," 

 Bartlett'a, the Beed I took 

 snd sowed for tb 

 I bedded 



from JO l 



rtlcle which you 



Htll, .' 



t affected by the ro 

 rn. The trees spoki 



i trea Tbe Bt 



siiia foe th« Bobir.— Though a novla 

 rued from a practical farmer, in L*e Co 

 aihet. laid around the tree, close to It 

 e it against the apple borer. — W Iakne- 



bas att. 



i gallon, according 

 o two p 



i ]iuiini!i 



, II- m-1,1- 



i pound t 



■ciK-ty Hie 



:- older, nnd ndd for each enll.ii 

 of an ounce of snip 

 i article of maonfacto 

 ti chloride of lime.' 

 until intimately mixed, and i 



.gl'B'e 



The 



If 1 







jrofulty, or 

 io original 

 i barrel on 



.i will 

 "champagne 



ill elder. 



f ,i v.-.l ju ImttlcM, car. Lilly corked, which is butler, 

 ii will become a sporlklog cider, and maybe kept 

 Indefinitely long." 



In connection with the foregoing we may Btate 

 TT/irrwwiji»w« been experimenting with older In the 



enough in the barrel to settle, it Is drawn off into 

 jugs of two gallons and upwards In whloh It re- 

 mains for a few days, when It is bottled, tbe corks 

 being driven in tightly with a mallet. The filled 

 bottles are laid upon their tida In straw, sawdust or 

 bran, and permitted to remain until evidence of 

 fermentation Is exhibited by the forcing ontof one 

 or more of the cocks, when all nhould be placed 

 erect for a week or two wben they may again be 

 placed ina recumbent position. Wo have not as yet 

 tied or wired any of the corks, but think It would 

 be well to do ao. Cider thus put up In October fasa 

 retained ita full sweetness, and in other qualities is 

 mnch Improved, while the same In barrels, has ac- 

 quired considerable acidity. Tbla mode is simply 

 iutendod to preserve It from becoming "hard" or 

 compare with what is 

 r." The following me- 

 Intricate, but will give a superior 



To MakbChahpaiunb Cider,— Have apcrfoctly 

 clean barrel ready, with three or four strips of cot- 

 ton cloth an inch or so wide and two feet long, 

 prepared by dipping la melted brimstoue. Light 

 one and insert the lighted end in tho barrel, through 

 s oue piece is consumed light 

 rel Is filled with a sulphurous 

 smoke. While one person is doing this, another 

 should prepare the cider, by straining it through a 

 buIvc overlaid with muslin cloth. It should be pat 

 ioto the barrel as quick h possible and banged up. 

 One gallon of pure whiskey to the barrel will 

 entirely prevent fermentation, and a little dissolved 

 Isiuglnsswill make it clear as wine. In this way it 

 will bo abont the color of cbampalgne, aud keeps 

 as laid down many a year. Without the whiskey 

 il s fl irmi ntion will nolle entirely arrested, though 

 It will keep a good long time. Filtering through 

 charcoal is a good plan where tho right kind of 

 charcoal, or bo ne black, ca n be ob tained. 



How to Make Brbad.— Mrs. WashlnRtou I! a on, 

 „. r',,,, r ,, It tdf.it tin- ftrht pri-mluni tit trie MIcMgnn 

 S, „ e I'air, for routing bread, and this U her recipe: 

 Ball or milk rising, to oue teacup of now ■milk, £ad 



the bung. 



officii 'i .\y t- 



aspooufal o 



"odato tbe wetting, knead thoroughly, and pot It 



a of bread. Add a teaspoouful of 



kb it will do in half an hoar. 



To Color Ta*». - 



i obtain a 



then allowing it 



coloring. 



Make 

 ter. The imanlUu of bark oW "'" u f ' vl " 

 tbe goods ^^atei-to 

 by dls- 



ay then be adi'd- 



j hot liquid, rinse * 



l. The llme-wat* ' B " lft< 



■,.r $****»£ ifSSa,,, ... 



Mn while 



tract alTo l" »■' melnoo of m«kln» bred 



