132 



NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



The following diagram by Packard* may be taken as repre- 

 senting the modern view. 



Sub-kingdoms of animal life 

 VIII Vertebrata 



Fishes to man 



VII Arthropoda 



Crustaceans and insects 



VI Mollusca* 



Snails, clams and oysters, cuttlefish 



V Vermes 

 Worms 



IV Echinodermata 

 Sea urchins, starfish 



III Coelenterata 



Corals, jelly fish, etc. 



II Porifera 



Sponges 



I Protozoa 



Foraminifera, poly cystines, etc. 



a First Lessons in Zoology, p. 10 

 * The Brachiopods, Tunicates and Bryozoans are now separated from the Mol- 

 lusca into the group of Molluscoida. 



