ECONOMIC GEOLOGY 



213 



STATEN ISLAND CLAYS 



The clays of Staten Island are chiefly Cretaceous, as proven by 

 the fossils found in them. The chief outcrops are at Kreischer- 

 ville, Green Ridge and Arrochar. Besides the clay there are 

 several ' kaolin ' deposits. 



These clays are used in the manufacture of drain tile, terra 



cotta, etc. 



CLAY PRODUCTS 



The increasing value of clay for the manufacture of brick, tile, 

 terra cotta, pottery, etc., and the ever growing demand for these 

 products have given rise to an industry which is rapidly assuming 

 vast proportions, and will, in the near future, become one of the 

 most extensive and important in the country. Scattered over 

 New York are extensive, deposits of clay, many of them cap ble 

 of being used for the manufacture of terra cotta, roofing tile and 

 the coarser grades of pottery. To add to their value the most 

 extensive beds of clay are situated in close proximity to the 

 waterways and railroads which lead to the principal cities of the 

 state. The commoner kinds of clay products, such as building 

 brick, are marketed within the state, but the higher grades, such 

 as terra cotta and roofing tile, have found good markets outside 

 of New York. 



At present bricks are the chief source of income. That the 

 other branches of the clay industry are not further advanced is 

 probably due in a large measure to the fact that the clay deposits 

 of the state have been so little exploited or otherwise examined. 

 Though many of the deposits have been opened up and are still 

 being worked, there are numerous others scattered over the state 

 which are still untouched. Few of the clays are found to be of 

 sufficiently refractory character to be used for making fire brick, 

 gas retorts, or other products which in use are subjected to a 

 higher degree of heat; but for the manufacture of coarse pottery, 

 terra cotta, paving brick, etc., many of the clays are eminently 

 suited. 



