Ch. VI. DISTRIBUTION OF CORAL-REEFS. 159 



The uncoloured parts consist, first and chiefly, of 

 coasts where no coral-reefs, or quite insignificant ones, 



Captain Edwards (Von Bnch, p. 386) found the lava of a recent erup- 

 tion at Amargura still smoking. Berghaus marks four active volcanos 

 actually within the Friendly group ; hut I do not know on what autho- 

 rity ; I may mention thatMaurelle describes Latte as having a burnt-up 

 appearance ; I have marked only Toofoa and Armagura. South of the 

 New Hebrides lies Matthews Eock, which is described as an active crater 

 in the voyage of the Astrolabe. Between it and the volcano on the 

 eastern side of New Zealand lies Brimstone Island, which from the 

 high temperature of the water in the crater may be ranked as active 

 (Berghaus Vorbemerk, II. Lief. S. 56). Malte Brun, vol. xii. p. 231, 

 says that there is a volcano near Port St. Vincent, in New Caledonia : I 

 believe this to be an error, arising from smoke seen on the opposite 

 coast by Cook (2nd voyage, vol. ii. p. 23), which smoke went out at 

 night. The Mariana Islands, especially the northern ones, contain 

 many craters (see Freycinet's Hydrog. Descript.) which are not active. 

 Von Buch, however, states (p. 462) on the authority of La Peyrouse, 

 that there are no less than seven volcanos between these islands and 

 Japan. Gemelli Careri (Churchill's Collect, vol. iv. p. 458) says there 

 are two active volcanos in lat. 23° 30' and in lat. 24°; but I have not 

 coloured them. Prom the statements in Beechey's Voyage (p. 518, 4to 

 edit.) I have coloured one in the northern part of the Bonin group. 

 M. S. Julien has clearly made out from Chinese manuscripts not very 

 ancient (Comptes Kendus, 1840, p. 832), that there are two active vol- 

 canos on the eastern side of Formosa. In the map appended to the first 

 edition I marked an active volcano in Torres Straits, and gave my 

 authority ; but Mr. Jukes informs me that there certainly is no volcano 

 there ; a wooded island on fire having been mistaken for one. Mr. 

 MClelland (Eeport of Committee for Investigating Coal in India, p. 39) 

 has shown that the volcanic band which passes through Barren Island 

 mnst be extended northwards. It appears by an old chart, that Che- 

 duba was once an active volcano (see also Silliman's North American 

 Journal, vol. xxxviii. p. 385). In Berghaus' Phys. Atlas, 1840 (No. 7 

 of Geological Part) a volcano on the coast of Pondicherry is said to 

 have burst forth in 1757. Ordinaire (Hist. Nat. des Volcans, p. 218) says 

 that there is one at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, but I have not 

 coloured it, as he gives no particulars. A volcano in Amsterdam, or 

 St. Paul's, in the southern part of the Indian Ocean, has been seen 

 (Naut. Mag. 1838, p. 842) in action. Dr. J. Allan, of Forres, informs 

 me in a letter, that when he was at Joanna, he saw flames at night, 



