248 APPENDIX. 



30 miles southward ; coloured red. Mombas (4° 5' S.) : 

 the island which forms the harbour ' is surrounded by cliffs 

 of madrepore, capable of being rendered almost impregnable' 

 (Owen's Nar. vol. i. p 412), The shore of the main land, 

 N. and S. of Mombas, is regularly fringed by a coral-reef at a 

 distance from half a mile to a mile and a quarter from the 

 land ; within the reef the depth is from 9 to 15 feet ; 

 outside the reef the depth at rather less than half a mile is 

 80 fathoms. From the charts it appears that a space about 

 36 miles in length, is here fringed ; coloured red. — Pemba 

 (5° S.) is an island of coral formation, level, and about 

 200 feet in height (Owen's Nar. vol. i. p. 425) ; it is 35 miles 

 long, and is separated from the main land by a deep sea. The 

 outer coast is represented in the charts as regularly fringed ; 

 coloured red. The mainland in front of Pemba is likewise 

 fringed. — Zanzibar resembles Pemba in most respects ; its 

 southern half on the western side and the neighbouring islets 

 are fringed ; coloured red. On the main land, a little S. of 

 Zanzibar, there are some banks parallel to the coast, which I 

 should have thought had been formed of coral, had it not been 

 said (Boteler's Nar. vol. ii. p. 39) that they were composed of 

 sand : not coloured. — Latham's Bank is a small island fringed 

 by coral-reefs ; but being only 10 feet high it has not been 

 coloured. — Monfeea is an island of the same character as 

 Pemba : its outer shore is fringed, and its southern extremity 

 is connected with Keelwa Point on the main land by a chain 

 of islands fringed by reefs; coloured red. The four last-men- 

 tioned islands resemble in many respects some of the islands 

 in the Eed Sea, which will presently be described. — Keelwa : 

 in a plan of the shore, a space of 20 miles N. and S. of this 

 place is fringed by reefs, apparently of coral ; these reefs are 

 prolonged still further southward in Owen's general chart. In 

 the plans of the rivers Lindy and Monghow (9° 59' and 10° 7' 

 S.) the coast seems to have the same structure, coloured red. — 

 Querimba Islands (from 10° 40' to 13° S.) : a chart on a 



