eggs the middle of July, on the branches of the white-thorn and black-thorn, in which state 

 they continue during the winter, and are hatched about the middle of April. The caterpillars 

 feed inclosed in a large web, wherein they change to the chrysalis, when full fed, hanging by the 

 tail in clusters • and the moths appear about the end of June. 

 Expansion of the wings three-quarters of an inch. 



This minute insect is one of the most destructive species of moths indigenous 

 to this country ; not only attacking our white-thorn hedge-rows but also our fruit 

 trees, which it sometimes completely defoliates. I have given some striking instances 

 of its ravages in the eighth number of my series of articles on the insects most 

 injurious to cultivators, published in Mr. Loudon's Gardener's Magazine, October, 

 1837. 



CALLIMORPHA JACOB^E^. THE PINK UNDERWING, OR 



CINNABAR MOTH. 



Plate IV. fig. sup. dextr. 



Synonyms. Phalsena (Noct.) Jacobseae, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. p. 839. Donovan, ii. pi. 45. Albinos Ins. 

 pi. 34. fig. 55. e — i. Wilkes Eng. Moths, pi. 55. 

 Lithosia Jacobsese, Haworth. 



Callimorpha Jacobsese, Latrielle, Stephens. Curtis Brit. Ent. pi. 499. Duncan Brit. 

 Moths, pi. 21. fig. 2. 



Upper Side, The antennae, head, thorax, and ahdomen are totally black. The superior 

 wings are of a fine soot colour, having a long streak of red along the sector edge, and two round 

 spots of the same colour on the fan edge. The inferior wings are of a fine deep crimson, inclining 

 to scarlet, having a black fringe. I have shewn this insect in three different positions, the better 

 to display its parts : two are seen as flying, the other hanging by the feet, to dry its wings, as 

 supposed new come forth from the chrysalis. 



The caterpillar is found the latter end of July, feeding on the ragwort. It changes into 

 chrysalis the beginning of August, on the surface of the earth, in which state it lies during the 

 winter ; and the moth appears in May, or toward the latter end of that month. 



Expansion of the wings 1 J to nearly % inches. 



This is a very common species, frequenting lanes and road sides, especially 

 where the food of the caterpillars grows in any abundance. 



ARCTIA VILLICA. THE CREAM SPOTTED TYGER MOTH. 



Plate IV. fig. inf. 



Synonyms. Phalsena (Bombyx) Villica, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 820. Donovan Brit. Ins. pi. 71. Albinos 

 Ins. pi. 21. fig. 29. a— d. Wilkes Eng. Moths, pi. 47. 

 Eyprepia Villica, Ochsenheimer, Curtis. 

 Arctia Villica, Schrank, Stephens. Duncan Brit. Moths, pi. 20. fig. 2. 



Upper Side. The antennae, head, and thorax are black ; but on each side of the latter is a 

 large spot of a cream colour. The superior wings are also black, have a number of spots, rather 

 large, dispersed over the wing, of various forms, particularly one near the thorax, shaped like a 



