48 



RUMIA CRAT^EGATA. THE BRIMSTONE MOTH. 



Plate XXIX. fig. ff—l. 



Synonyms. Phalsena (Geometra) Cratsegata, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 868. Albin's Insects, pi. 40. fig. 65. 

 e-h. pi. 46. fig. 76- fig. 77. a—e. pi. 95. fig. e-h. Wakes' Eng. Moths, pi. 80. 

 Rumia Crataegata, Duponchel, Stephens. Duncan Brit. Moths, pi. 27. fig. 1. 



Upper Side. The whole moth is of a fine yellow colour. In the centre of each wing is a 

 triangular spot of white. On the sector edge are placed five triangular spots of a dark red 

 colour, of which the first three next the shoulder are small and pretty close together. The 

 inferior wings have an obtuse angle about the middle part of the fan edge. 



The caterpillar feeds on white-thorn, and is remarkable for a protuberance on the middle of 

 the back, which sometimes is divided, and appears like two, as at (g) and (A). It changes into 

 chrysalis in September, and the moth appears toward the end of May. The chrysalis is seen 

 at (i). The upper side of the moth is shewn at (k) 9 and the under at (7). , 



Expansion of the wings one inch and a half. 



COLIAS ELECTRA. THE CLOUDED YELLOW BUTTERFLY. 





Plate XXIX. fig. m—o. 



Synonyms. Papilio (Dan. Cand.) Electra, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 764. Lemn's Pap. pi. 32. 



Papilio Edusa, Fabricius, Haworth. Donovan Nat. Hist. Brit. Ins. 7 . pi. 238. Female. 

 Papilio Hyale, Wien. Verz., Esper Schmett, 1. pi. 4. fig. 3. Donovan op. cit. 2. pi. 43. 



fig. sup. Male. 

 Colias Edusa, Stephens, Curtis. Duncan Brit. Butt. pi. 5. fig. 2. 



Upper Side. The antennse are short ; the head, thorax, and abdomen are of a brownish 

 yellow. The superior wings are of a yellow orange, having a cloud of black covering the fan 

 membranes for near half an inch in width, in which are placed three yellow spots, not seen in the 

 male ; near the centre of the wing, just on the bar tendon, is a black spot. The inferior wings 

 are more of a dusky yellow, clouded on the fan edges, with black in the middle of the wing : on 

 the bar tendon is a large red spot. The female is seen at (m), shewing the upper side of her 

 wings. The male shews its upper side at (w), and the under side at (o). 



The under side of the superior wings is yellow, having a broad border on the fan edges of 

 dark dusky yellow, and a black spot on the bar tendon. The inferior wings are of the same dusky 

 yellow, having two small flesh-coloured spots on the bar tendon. They fly in meadows, and appear 

 in August. They are fond of settling on yellow lupins and thistles. They have been taken in 

 plenty on Epping Forest. They fly in the morning and afternoon, but never in the middle of 

 the day. 



Expansion of the wings If — 2 J inches. 



The possession of the Linnsean cabinet of insects by the Linnsean Society of 

 London has enabled Mr. Newman to determine that this insect is the Papilio 

 Electra of that author,* (under which name indeed it had been long ago figured by 

 Lewin). It is more usually known, however, under the specific name of Edusa of 

 Fabricius ; but I have thought it more correct to refer to the prior name Electra. 



* It is to be observed, however, that Linnseus gives the Cape of Good Hope as the habitat of his P. Electra, and that 

 Boisduval has described an African insect under that name distinct from the European P. Edusa. 





