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plants, as fennel and carrot, preferring the flowers. The retractile Y shaped appendage 

 upon the neck of the larva emits a strong scent when the insect is irritated, and it 

 is supposed that this has the effect of guarding it from the attacks of Ichneumons. 

 The peculiar manner in which the chrysalis is girt round the middle of the body, 

 as well as attached by its posterior extremity, in this and some other species, has 

 been employed as one of the chief characters to separate the modern restricted 

 families Papilionidse and Lycsenidee from the Nymphalidse, in which the chrysalis is 

 merely suspended by the tail : the proceedings by which their different modes of 

 attachment are effected have been carefully described and figured by Reaumur, 

 whose account and figures have been copied into the popular works of Entomology 

 lately published in this country, such as the "Insect Transformations", "the Natural 

 History of Insects" in the Family Library. 



It has been generally supposed that there are two broods of this insect in the 

 course of a year, as above stated, one in May and another in August ; but Mr. 

 Stephens, on the authority of Mr. Blunt, considers this supposition inaccurate, the 

 latter gentleman having taken the larva in all its stages at one time, and the perfect 

 insect having made its appearance with regularity from the end of May to the middle 

 of August: but the Rev. Leonard Jenyns, whose residence near the fens between 

 Ely and Cambridge enables him to observe the appearance of these butterflies with 

 greater certainty, states that there are two broods, the first of which appears in the 

 third and sometimes in the second week in May ; the second about the middle of 

 July. He also states that he has always found the larvae on the marsh-milk-parsley 

 (Selinum palustre), to which they are most attached, though in confinement they 

 feed readily on other species of umbellatse. The fact of the larvse being found in 

 various stages of growth at the same time, as noticed by Mr. Stephens in his 

 Illustrations, and again repeated by him in the Entomological Magazine, vol. 1. 

 p. 527,* is not of itself sufficient to prove that there are not regularly two broods in 

 the year, but merely that there is an irregularity in the time of appearing of the 

 individuals of each brood. Reaumur states that the first brood in France goes into 

 chrysalis in July, and the butterfly appears in thirteen days; the second in autumn, 

 the butterfly not appearing till the succeeding June ; but by placing the latter brood 

 in an artificial temperature of due warmth, and properly kept up, they were pro- 

 duced in the perfect state in as short a period as the first brood. 



Mr. Babington has observed that there is a marked difference in the colours of 

 the chrysalides of this species, corresponding with the difference of sex in the 

 individuals to be produced therefrom ; the supposed female chrysalides being grass- 

 green, the males varying from nearly black to light brownish-rufous. (Mag. Nat. 

 Hist. No. 6. old series.) Boisduval states that these chrysalides are sometimes of a 

 greyish colour, and sometimes green with a lateral yellow band. Boisduval also 

 states, that the species is found throughout Europe, Siberia, Syria, Egypt, and the 

 coast of Barbary. He also possesses specimens from Nepaul and Cachemire, which 

 do not differ in the slightest degree from those of Europe. I have also received 



* "The larva in various stages of growth on the 29th June in Sedge Fen, Camb., by W. Christy, Esq.; and 

 4th and 5th July at Whittlesea Mere." 



