

82 



Upper Side. This fly is totally of a dark brown colour, having in each superior wing two 

 ocelli, about the circumference of a small tare, one on the first and another on the fourth fan 

 membrane. The inferior wings have a large triangular spot on each fan membrane, which are 

 five in number ; these are of an orange colour. In that on the first membrane is a small eye-like 

 spot, which, like those in the superior wing, has a small white speck in the middle. 



The caterpillar is very rarely found, but is well known to feed on grass. It is about an 

 inch and a half long, and of a fine green colour. The moths always fly very smartly in woods 

 where there is plenty of shrubs and long grass ; and consequently are not easily taken. It is 

 named by Wilks the Rock Underwing : why he should think it necessary to alter it from its 

 original name is unknown to me. They were first taken by the Aurelians at Tunbridge, and 

 were called for some time the Tunbridge Grayling. The upper side of the female is seen at (d), 

 and the under side at (e), as sitting on the blossom of clover. 



Expansion of the wings Q\ — 2| inches. 



This is an abundant and widely distributed species, frequenting rocky and woody 

 places. According to Mr. Wailes, it is almost confined to the Magnesian limestone 

 district near South Shields. The caterpillar and chrysalis are light green, the former 

 with dark legs. 



HIPPARCHIA TITHONUS. 



THE GATE KEEPER [OR LARGE HEATH] 

 BUTTERFLY. 



Plate XLIV.fig./-flr. 





Synonyms. Papilio (Nymph. Gemm.) Tithonus, Linn. Mantissa, i. 537. Lewirfs Pap. pi. 22. 



Hipparchia Tithonus, Ochsenheimer, Curtis, Stephens. Duncan Brit. Butt. pi. 23. f. 2. 3. 

 Papilio Pilosellse, Fabr. Ent. Syst. 3. 240. Haworth. Donov. Brit. Ins. vol. xii. 



pi. 405. 

 Papilio Tithonius, Villars, 2. 26. 37. 

 Papilio Herse, Hubner. 

 Papilio Phsedra, Esper. 

 Papilio Aureo-fuscus, &c. The Hedge Eye, with Double Specks. Petiv. Pap. pi. v. fig. 



ii. a. fig. 12. 9. 



Uppe Side. The antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen are of a dark brown. The superior 

 wings are of a fine yellow orange colour, bordered on the sector and fan edges with dark brown ; 

 on the third and fourth fan membrane is a round black spot, which extends the width of these 

 two membranes, having two small white specks in the middle. The inferior wings are of a dark 

 brown, having a large orange-coloured spot in the middle. A small eye-like spot is visible in 

 some near the abdominal corner. The haunts of this fly are on the sides of hedges, in lanes and 

 meadows. Their first appearance is about the middle of July, though indeed the females do not 

 appear till the beginning of August ; which being taken for a distinct species, went some time by 

 the name of the Orange Field. Neither the caterpillar nor chrysalis has hitherto been discovered. 

 The female is seen in the Plate at (jf), shewing the upper side; the male at (g\ displaying the 

 under side, and discovering a great part of the upper side of one of the superior wings. 



Expansion of the wings 1^ to nearly °2 inches. 



This species is also very abundant, and widely distributed, frequenting grassy 

 lanes and fields, and especially preferring the blossoms of the bramble. The cater- 



\ 



r, 



