Niagara Falls 



1901 post Oak (Q. obtusiloba), the Chestnut-oak (Q. Muhlen- 



Day bergii), the Bur-oak (Q. macrocarpa) , the dwarf Chestnut-oak 



(Q. prinoides), the red Oak (Q. rubra), the scarlet Oak (Q. 



coccinea), the Quercitron-oak (Q. tinctoria), and the Pin-oak 



(Q. palustris). 



Two species of Elm (Ulmus Americana and £/. fulva), three 

 Birches (Betula lertta., B. lutea and £. papyracea) , one Alder 

 (Alnus incana), six native Willows (Salix nigra, S. lucida, 

 S. discolor, S. rostrata, S. petiolaris and 5. cordata), and four 

 Poplars (Populus tremuloides, P. grandidentata, P. monolifera 

 and P. balsamifera v. candicans) , are embraced within the 

 Sylva of Niagara. 



Of the cone-bearing family the number of species is not as 

 great as might be expected. They are only six, distributed in 

 live genera, as follows: 



The White-cedar {Thuja occidentalis) , the most abundant 

 of the evergreens at Niagara; the Red-cedar (Juniperus Vir- 

 giniana), unfortunately disappearing; the Juniper (/. com- 

 munis), the American Yew or Ground-hemlock (Taxus bac- 

 cata v. Canadensis), the White-pine (Pinus Strobus), and the 

 common Hemlock-spruce (Tsuga Canadensis). The two last 

 named species are not as plentiful upon the island as their beauty 

 demands. They should be at once, and largely, replanted. 



Of the herbs, producing showy flowers, which are to be found 

 upon the island, the following may be mentioned, which by their 

 profusion as well as beauty, make it in springtime and early 

 summer a natural flower-garden, wild indeed, but wonderfully 

 beautiful : 



Our two Liverworts or Squirrel-cups (Hepatica acuiiloba and 

 H. triloba), scarcely distinguishable from one another, except 

 by the leaf, but of an infinite variety of color. 



The dioecious Meadow Rue {Thaliclrum dioicum) , more 

 noticeable because of the peculiar beauty of its foliage than its 

 conspicuousness of flower — it is as graceful as a fern. 



486 



