1877 

 Barlow 



Niagara Falls 



appears to have no corresponding effect in the solid ground; 

 from which it may be inferred that the effect is due to concus- 

 sions conveyed through the air, and not to the tremor of the 

 earth by the weight of the falling water. 



3. The characteristic form of the jets, which is similar to that 

 produced by explosions under water, when the conditions are 

 such as to throw the water to a considerable height. 



And lastly. The suddenness and energy of the operating 

 force as shown by the jets being frequently projected consider- 

 ably above the level of the upper water. 



1880 



Wardwell 



1880 



WARDWELL, G. T. Gorge of the Niagara: read before the Buffalo 

 field club. Dec. 3, 1 880. n. imp. 



A typewritten paper to be found in the Buffalo Public Library. It 

 is a very simple account, based on Lyell and Hall, of the origin of the 

 gorge, the recession of the Falls, and their future. 



1881 

 1881 BALLOU, WlLLIAM HoSEA. Niagara river. (Sci. Am. sup., Jan. 21, 



Ballou 1882. 13:5045-5046.) 



This paper was read before the American Association for the Advance- 

 ment of Science at the Cincinnati meeting in 1881. 



Many attempts were made previous to the government survey 

 [in 1876] to obtain the depths of the water in the canon below 

 the Falls. Bars of railway iron, pails of stones, and all unrea- 

 sonable and awkward instruments were attached to long lines 

 and lowered from the railway suspension bridge, but positively 

 refused to sink. The reason for this is obvious. The very bulk 

 of the instruments was sufficient, no matter what their weight, to 

 give the powerful undercurrent the means to buoy them upon or 

 near the surface. Our party, however, with a small sounding 

 lead of twelve pounds weight, attached to a slender cord, easily 

 obtained the depths from the Falls to the railway suspension 



572 



