Chapter VII — Part II 



1894 



Spencer, Joseph William Winthrop. Duration of Niagara 1894 

 Falls. (Am. jour, sci., Dec, 1894. 148 (ser. 3, 48): 455-472.) Spencer 



A paper read before the American Association for the Advancement of 

 Science, August 20, 1894. The topics discussed are as follows: Con- 

 jectures as to the age of Niagara Falls; the modern topography of the 

 region; the geology of the district; the ancient topography and the base- 

 ment of the river; the discharge of the Niagara river; the modern reces- 

 sion of the Falls; a sketch of lake history and the nativity of the Niagara 

 river; episodes of the river; the age of the Falls; the confirmation of the 

 age of the Falls by the phenomena of terrestrial movements; the relation- 

 ship of the Falls to geological time; the end of the Falls; conclusions. The 

 paper is reprinted as chapter IX of Dr. Spencer's book, " The Duration of 

 Niagara Falls and the History of the Great Lakes." 



Spencer, Joseph William Winthrop. The duration of Niagara 

 Falls. (Am. nat., Oct., 1894. 28:859-862.) 



A physical study setting forth the changing episode in the history of 

 the Falls, computing the age of the river, and giving suggestions as to the 

 antiquity of man. 



UPHAM, Warren. The Niagara gorge as a measure of the post- 1894 

 glacial period. (Am. geol., July, 1 894. 14:62-65.) Upham 



Upham, WARREN. Niagara river since the ice age. (Nature, June 

 28, 1894. 50:198-199.) 



A discussion of the origin of the old lake beaches and the duration of 

 the postglacial period, with reference to recent contributions on these 

 subjects by various authors. 



1895 



GILBERT, Grove Karl. Niagara Falls and their history. (Nat. 

 geographic monographs. Sept., 1895. Vol. 1, no. 7.) 



Among the multitude there are some whose appreciation of 1895 

 its power has a utilitarian phase, so that they think most of the Gllberl 

 myriad wheels of industry its energy may some day turn; and 



589 



