Niagara Falls 

 1895 Fourth Transition: Marine Climax. Marked by the Chip- 



T I 



PEWA BEACH. Northward depression ceases and gradual eleva- 

 tion begins. Iroquois and Herman marine beaches made at the 

 same time as the Chippewa. This was probably the climax of 

 the post-glacial warm epoch. 



V. Warren Gulf (falling stage). Gradual northward eleva- 

 tion. Irregular uplifts in the north deforming Chippewa and 

 Algonquin beaches. 



Fifth Transition: Nipissing outlet raised to sea level. Upper 

 lakes become fresh. 



VI. Second Lake Algonquin. Outlet eastward over Nipissing 

 pass. Probably a small amount of local uplift at outlet in early 

 stage. 



Sixth Transition: Second two-outlet climax. Marked by the 

 NIPISSING BEACH. Epoch of Erigan Fall closes at a point 

 between 40 and 80 rods above the cantilever bridge. Second 

 (present) epoch of Niagara Falls begins. 



VII. Second Niagara lakes (present stage). Lake Superior 

 becomes independent. Great Champlain uplift at the north- 

 east. Formation of St. Clair delta begins and continues to the 

 present time. 



1896 



1896 The age of Niagara. (Pub. opin., Oct. 29, 1896. 21 :560.) 



An excerpt from Knowledge, London. 



1896 BREWER, WILLIAM H. Earth tremors at Niagara Falls. (Yale sci. 



Brewer mo., May, 1896. 2:329-334.) 



Observations of sound, earth tremors and vibrations at different dis- 

 tances from the Falls made on various visits of the author from 1 85 1 to 

 1895. "The observations made on the various visits, sometimes very 

 scanty and sometimes more extended, all agreed and indicate that the 

 tremor is an extremely irregular jar, and not in any sense regular, rhythmic 

 or pulsating waves." 



604 



