Science, Geology and Physics 



Kibbe, Lincoln, Brigham and Scovill with the names of Hall J 898 

 and Lyell, too well known to need special mention. pcncer 



To complete the review, mention should be made of the writ- 

 ings of Mr. F. B. Taylor, in connection with his important 

 survey of the Nipissing outlet of the Algonquin basin, and of 

 the dissected shore lines of the upper lakes ; and of the important 

 investigation of Central New York by Professor Fairchild. 



The following is printed as an appendix to the preceding article: 



The recent paper on "Another Episode in the History of 

 Niagara " by the writer is important in its showing that after 

 the waters of Lake Ontario had reached their lowest state, and 

 the Niagara its highest fall, the waters of the Ontario basin 

 were backed up into the then made gorge, owing to the progres- 

 sive tilting of the earth's crust at the outlet of the lake, so that the 

 waters rose in the Niagara gorge to a height of 75 feet above 

 their present level, and thus reduced the efficiency of the Falls, 

 while they were receding past the section of the whirlpool rapids ; 

 thus this diminished height helps to explain the shallowness of 

 the Niagara river along this section. The waters were again 

 lowered to their present level by the St. Lawrence cutting down 

 its channel more deeply into the rim of the water basin. In 

 this paper there is also a revision of the episode of the Falls, 

 correcting and reducing to greater accuracy the previous 

 investigations. 



Spencer, Joseph William Winthrop. Another episode in the 

 history of Niagara Falls. (Am. jour, sci., Dec, 1898. 156 

 (ser. 4, 6): No. 36, 439-450.) 



A paper read before the American Association for the Advancement 

 of Science in 1898. It deals with the following topics: A summary of 

 the changing physics of the river ; a revision of the episodes of the Niagara 

 river; the newly discovered espisode — the Niagara strand; the modern 

 episode; the rise of Ontario waters; the narrows of the gorge at the whirl- 

 pool rapids. The new episode is thus described: "After the river reached 

 its maximum descent of 420 feet, the surface of Lake Ontario was gradu- 

 ally raised 75 feet above the present level and the waters stood in the 



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