Niagara Falls 



1898 Niagara gorge so as to reduce the descent of the river to 250 feet, before 



Spencer the final lowering of the Ontario waters to a level of 326 feet beneath 



those of Lake Erie." This discovery, says Dr. Spencer, " will be found 



to explain the greater shallowness of the channel of the whirlpool rapids 



than below or above." 



Spencer, Joseph William Winthrop. Niagara as a time- 

 piece. (Proc. of the Can. Inst., new ser. May, 1898. 1 : pts. 4 and 5. 

 101-103.) 



A brief history of the gradual development of knowledge concerning 

 the physics of the Niagara river. 



1898 Taylor, Frank Bursley. Origin of the gorge of the whirlpool 



Taylor rapids at Niagara. (Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 1898. 9:59-84.) 



1893 UPHAM, Warren. The age of Niagara Falls as indicated by the 



Upham erosion at the mouth of the gorge. (Sci., Oct., 1 898. N. s. 8:502.) 



A discussion of Professor Wright's theory. 



1898 Wright, George Frederick. The age of Niagara Falls as indi- 

 Wright cated by the erosion at the mouth of the gorge. (Sci., Oct. 14, 1898. 



8:502.) 



A summary. 



1899 



1899 Rafter, George W. Water resources of the state of New York. 

 Rafter Pt. 1 . ( Water-supply and irrigation papers of the United States 



geological survey. No. 24. Wash.: 1899. Pp. 24-25, 48, 58-63.) 



A brief summary of the figures for the elevation of the river and the 

 Falls and a short discussion of the run-off of the Niagara river. The author 

 feels that " at present the data are insufficient for showing what the run-off 

 of Niagara River really is." 



As an additional source of loss from the Great Lakes the 

 proposed ultimate diversion of 10,000 cubic feet per second 

 through the Chicago drainage canal to the head waters of 

 Illinois River may be referred to. Thus far the discussion of 

 such loss has been mainly conducted on the supposition that the 

 mean discharge of the Great Lakes at Niagara was about 

 265,000 cubic feet per second. If this were true the ultimate 

 injurious effect of such diversion could only appear during a 

 series of extremely dry years. The author cannot but think that 



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