4 DR. G. J£. DAWSON ON MAMMOTH-REMAINS [Feb. 1 894, 



by Dall, chiefly from Richardson's report, but with revised nomen- 

 clature l : — 



Elephas primigenius, Blumenbaoh. 



Elephas Columbi, Falconer [?]. 2 



Equus major, De Kay. 



Alces americanics, Jardine = Machlis, Ogilby. 



Eanqifer Caribou, Baird. 



Ovibos mosckatus, Blainville. 



Ovibos maximus, Richardson = 0. cavifrons, Leidy. 



Bison crassicomis, Richardson =: B. antiquus, Leidy. 



No Mastodon-hones appear to have been found in any portion of 

 the extreme north-west of North America. 



Of particular interest in connexion with the general question of 

 the distribution of Mammoth-remains in the Alaskan region is the 

 occurrence of such remains (a tooth) on St. George Island of the 

 Pribilof group, in Bering Sea, and on Unalashka Island of the 

 Aleutian Chain. 3 Mr. J. Stanley-Brown further notes the discovery 

 of a Mammoth-tusk on St. Paul Island of the Pribilof group, but 

 appears at the same time to throw doubt on the means by which 

 these remains reached the Pribilof Islands, writing — " As there is 

 not a foot of earth upon either island, save that which has resulted 

 from the decomposition of the native rock and the decay of 

 vegetation, the value of such testimony is questionable." 4 



The precise intention of the cautionary remark just quoted is not 

 clear to the writer. The finding of the bones upon St. George and 

 St. Paul Islands does not appear to be doubtful. Both islands 

 were uninhabited previous to their discovery by the Russians ; they 

 show neither traces of glacial action nor erratics ; and in what 

 way the Mammoth can be supposed to have reached these islands, 

 except by means of a former connexion with the mainland, it is 

 difficult to understand. We have, moreover, the Mammoth-bones 

 already mentioned on Unalashka Island, vouched for by Dr. Stein, 

 and a like explanation must be found for all these cases. This 

 does not appear to be difficult, for the whole eastern part of Bering 

 Sea is rather notably shallow, nearly everywhere less than 50 

 fathoms in depth. An elevation of the land by about 300 feet 

 would thus suffice to unite the islands mentioned, with a number of 

 others, to the American Continent, and it appears scarcely to admit 

 of doubt that it was across such a practicable plain that the 

 Mammoth found its way to these places. 



The most important observation to be based on the foregoing- 

 notes is that the remains of the Mammoth, with those of other 

 associated animals, are, in the north-western part of the North 

 American Continent, abundant in, if not strictly confined to the 



1 Op. cit. p. 264. 



2 I have ventured to place a mark of interrogation against this species, for 

 Falconer gives its range as being from Mexico to Georgia and perhaps farther 

 south. See ' Palseontological Memoirs and Notes,' vol. ii. pp. 230-231. See 

 also Howorth, ' The Mammoth and the Flood,' pp. 274-276. 



3 Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey, no. 84, p. 266. 



4 Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. vol. iii. (1892) p. 499. 



