142 MR. H. KYNASTON ON THE [May 1894,. 



et dans le Midi de l'Europe,' published in 1882, we read (p. 200) : 

 " All are agreed in recognizing the essentially Senonien character of 

 the Gosau fauna." But he goes on to say that Zittel, Beuss, and 

 others were " misled by the papers of d'Orbigny, and especially by 

 those of Coquand on the Turonian and Senonian of the South of 

 Prance, and particularly as to the position which they assign to the 

 Hippurite-deposits," so that "in default of other terms of com- 

 parison " they correlated the Gosau Beds with the Turonian. 

 Since, however, Toucas's conclusions in his valuable paper referred 

 to above seem to be extremely important, it will be well to look 

 into them more closely. Apparently Zittel modified his former 

 views as to the age of the Gosau Beds after comparing them, in 

 company with Toucas, with the beds of Beausset in the South 

 of France ; and now Zittel classes as Senonian the Hippurite-beds 

 of La Cadiere and Beausset, as well as the marls and limestones 

 with Inoceramus digitatus which support them. 



The beds of La Cadiere, Beausset, Sougraigne, and other places 

 in the South of France, belong to the zones of BelemniteUa and the 

 2nd zone of Hippurites, and have been correlated with the Gosau 

 Beds. 



Toucas finds 19 species of fossils common to the Gosau Beds and 

 the Senonian zones of Ceratites and Micraster brevis of Provence 

 and Corbieres, 18 to the Gosau Beds and the zone of Inoceramus 

 digitatus, and 63 common to the same beds and the zones of Belem- 

 niteUa and the 2nd zone of Hippurites. He concludes that the 

 distribution of the Gosau fossils proves that the Gosau Beds repre- 

 sent the whole of the Senonian from the Craie de Villedieu to the 

 zone of BelemniteUa inclusive. It is true, as Toucas remarks, that 

 we do not find in the Gosau Beds a single characteristic Turonian 

 species such as Ammonites Requieni, A. peramplus, A. papalis, 

 A. Beveri, A. nodosoides, nor any of the Rudistai such as Hipp. 

 Requieni, Radiolites cornu-jiastoris, Sphwrulites ponsianus, so 

 abundant in the first zone of Hippurites, which he places at the top 

 of the Turonian, Furthermore, the presence in the Gosau Beds of 

 Amm. texanus, A. subtricarinatus, A. Margce, Hamites cylindraceus, 

 etc., certainly indicates a post-Turonian age, occurring as they do 

 in the zone of Inoceramus digitatus. 



But still there seems to be some slight confusion with regard to 

 the Rudista?. In the Gosau Beds, as we have already seen, Hippurite- 

 limestones occur at two distinct horizons ; thus we get the Hippu- 

 rite-limestone immediately above the basement-conglomerate, 

 characterized essentially by Hipp, cornu-vaccinum. This is overlain 

 by the Actceonella and iVmncra-limestones and the Estuarine series, 

 and then we get Hippurite-limestone occurring again in the fossili- 

 ferous marls, this time characterized essentially by Hipp, organisans, 

 while Hipp, cornu-vaccinum, Sphcemdites angeiodes, and Plagiopty- 

 chus (Caprina) Aguilloni also occur. Now, in the South of France 

 also, Toucas distinguishes two distinct zones of Hippurites : the 

 first, which he places at the top of the Turonian system, is the 

 zone characterized essentially by Hipp, cornu-vaccinum ; while in 



