190 MR. E. T. NEWTON ON THE VERTEBBATE [May 1 894, 



narrow ilium with its elongated tubercle above and well in front of 

 the acetabulum, and parts of upper jaws with teeth. Rana tempo- 

 raria has been found in the Forest Bed ; it is now living in Northern 

 and temperate Asia, as well as in Europe and Great Britain ; in 

 mountainous regions it occurs up to a height of 10,000 feet. 1 



Bufo vulgaris. (Toad.) PI. X. fig. 4. — Among the many batra- 

 cbian ilia, most of which have been referred to Rana temporaria, I 

 have found five or six which, besides being more slender even than in 

 the common frog, have a rounded tubercle just above the acetabulum ; 

 and, as these are among the characters which distinguish the skeleton 

 of the toad from that of the frog, I have included these six ilia in 

 the above species. Bufo vulgaris has been found in the Forest Bed ; 

 it is now living in Europe, Asia, and North-west Africa, as well as 

 in Great Britain ; its vertical range extends to 7000 feet. 



Molga, sp. ( = Triton). (Newt.) — Five small vertebrae and part 

 of a skull, I have no doubt, belong to this genus, but the species is 

 uncertain. 



Eeptilia. 



Anguis fragilis. (Slow-worm.) PI. X. figs. 5-7. — The remarkable 

 ornamented and widely-bordered bony scales, by which this limbless 

 lizard is completely encased, have been found in some numbers, 

 together with vertebra?, parts of skulls, and lower jaws. There can 

 bo no doubt as to the identification of this form. Anguis fragilis 

 is living throughout Europe, including Britain, but excepting the 

 most northerly parts of Russia and Sweden ; it has been met with 

 as high as 7000 feet, and occurs also in Western Asia and Algeria. 



Tropidonotus natrix. (Common Snake.) — About a dozen ver- 

 tebrae, which agree with those of the common snake, are referred to 

 this species, which has been recorded from the Forest Bed. It is 

 now living in most parts of Europe, including Great Britain, from 

 latitudes of about 58°, southward to Italy, as well as in Western 

 and Central Asia and Algeria. It is known to range upwards to 

 5000 feet. 



Vipera (Pelias) berus. (Viper.) PI. X. figs. 8, 9. — The hinder 

 two-thirds of a mandibular ramus is referred to this species ; it agrees 

 with the corresponding part of the viper in being anteriorly slender 

 and rounded, deep in the coronoid region, and strongly curved from 

 end to end. The common snake has the ramus of the lower jaw less 

 curved, stouter throughout, and not specially deep in the coronoid 

 region. Although the evidence is slight, there can be no doubt as 

 to the correctness of this reference. The viper is now living through- 

 out Europe from Northern Russia to the South of Spain and Italy, 

 including Great Britain, but not Ireland ; in mountain-ranges it is 

 said to ascend to 9000 feet. 



1 I am indebted to Mr. O. A. Boulenger, of the British Museum, for the infor- 

 mation regarding the vertical range of the amphibia aud reptiles. 



