488 MESSRS. WHITAKER AND JUKES-BROWNE ON [Aug. 1 894, 



32. On Deep Borings at Culford and Winkfield, with Notes on 

 those at Ware and Cheshunt. By W. Whitaker, B.A., F.B.S., 

 F.G.S., Assoc. Inst. C.E., and A. J. Jukes-Browne, B.A., F.G.S. 1 

 (Communicated by permission of the Director-General of the 

 Geological Survey. Bead June 20th, 1894.) 



Contents. 



Page 



I. Introductory 488 



II. The Oulford Boring 489 



General Account of the Work. 

 Description of Samples. 

 Classification of the Beds. 



III. The Winkfield Boring 496 



General Remarks. 



Details of the Section. 



Remarks on the Geological Divisions. 



Notes on the Water. 



IV. The Ware Boring 501 



History of the Work. 

 Description of Samples. 

 Classification of the Beds. 



V. The Cheshunt Boring 508 



General Note. 

 Samples and Section. 

 VI. Conclusions 511 



I. Introductory. 



A boring at Culford having unexpectedly given evidence of the 

 underground rise of older rocks in Suffolk, a county in which there 

 was no such evidence before, we thought that it should be described 

 before this Society. Another boring, in the parish of Winkfield, 

 having also proved the presence of Lower Greensand deep under- 

 ground in Berkshire, by the southern border of the Valley of the 

 Thames, it occurred to us that it might be noticed at the same 

 time, as bearing on the same general question, namely, the under- 

 ground extension of beds. 



Much delay has occurred in the writing of the descriptions of 

 these sections, but this is the less to be regretted as it has enabled 

 us to add a great deal of detailed information concerning the boring 

 at Ware, and some also on that at Cheshunt. In the case of Ware, 

 indeed, no details have hitherto been published — only a mere abstract 

 of the section, and that not accurate in the Cretaceous divisions. 



In none of these cases could we print our notes in a Geological 

 Survey Memoir, all these notes being supplementary to Memoirs 

 already published ; but we trust that no excuse is needed for again 



1 [It is but right to say that, though my name comes first, by disadvantage 

 of seniority, my colleague has had the larger share of the work in this 

 paper.— W. W.] 



