518 DR. J. W. GREGOKY ON THE [Nov. 1 894, 



glaciers' ; the two largest of these are situated on the south-western 

 face, just north of the south-western arete. They end in vertical, 

 ice-cliffs 200 to 300 feet high. Below these are huge masses of 

 fallen ice-blocks, by the consolidation of which the third type or 

 the ' re-cemented glaciers ' have been formed : these are here tribu- 

 tary to the valley-glaciers. 



The snout of the Lewis glacier ends at the height of 15,580 feet, 

 but the two others reach a lower level, as they occur in sheltered 

 valleys and drain larger collecting-grounds : they come down to 

 about 15,300 feet. 



II. The eokmer Glaciation". 



As has already been remarked, the lower slopes of the mountain 

 are swathed in so dense a cloak of vegetation that it is impossible, on 

 a hasty march through that area, to learn much regarding its 

 geological structure. At the level of 9800 feet, however, I found 

 some erratics of coarse andesite, some of which measured about 

 4x4x3 feet. They were much weathered and rounded, but their 

 surfaces were still grooved ; they were certainly not in situ, and did 

 not appear to be ejected blocks. I halted the caravan, and cut my 

 way through the neighbouring bamboo-jungle, in order to see 

 whether I could obtain any evidence of the former existence of a 

 parasitic cone at this point. No such evidence, however, could be 

 found, and the irregularly undulating nature of the ground seemed 

 to indicate that the rocks are a series of erratics overlying or 

 weathered out of an old moraine, rather than an extra-morainic 

 fringe. 



As soon as we emerged from the forests, we came on abundant 

 evidence of former glaciation, for we struck at once on a terminal 

 moraine. Huge erratics lay strewn about, and I soon noted among 

 them specimens of most of the coarser rocks which were afterwards 

 found in the central portion of the mountain. Small sections cut 

 by streams showed that these occurred in a stiff, greasy clay, 

 formed of a re-deposited volcanic ash : it was of the type familiar 

 as the matrix of a boulder-clay. The scenery also, with its irregular 

 \mdulations, its numerous swampy, mossy hollows, and its scattered 

 boulders, was highly characteristic of old moraines. 



Above the moraine rises a steep, glaciated, rocky slope, over 

 1000 feet in height, from the summit of which the first view of the 

 general structure of the mountain may be obtained. The base is seen 

 to consist of a vast forest-covered declivity, rising with a gradient 

 of about 1 in 18 to the level of 10,200 feet. Between the forests 

 and the base of the rock-slope is the undulating tract of moraine, 

 wnich I could now see was continuous as a belt all round the 

 mountain. From the edge of the rock-slope rises a series of alpine 

 meadows furrowed by deep valleys, the walls of which are crowned 

 by picturesque pillars and crags of agglomerate and lava. From 

 this last zone abruptly towers the pile of rocks that forms the 

 great central peak. 



The rock-slope can be clearly seen from Laikipia, and is shown 



