520 DE. J. W, GBEGOEY ON THE [Nov. 1 894, 



origin of this lake-basin, unless he were ready to adopt the 

 extreme position of denying the glacial erosion of any of the small 

 Alpine tarns and lakelets ; and this is admitted by many of those 

 who are most resolutely opposed to such a theory of formation for 

 the greater lakes of Switzerland and Scandinavia, and the lochs 

 and fiords of North-western Europe. 



(2) Old Moraines. — Of the numerous moraines connected with 

 the present glaciers, a group in the upper part of the Teleki Valley 

 serves as the best example ; I have never seen any old set of moraines 

 preserved with more diagrammatic simplicity than these. The first 

 three stand out from the north wall of the valley as clearly as so 

 many railway-embankments. They are composed simply of piles 

 of andesite-boulders, with a smaller proportion of clay than is usual 

 in Alpine moraines. They are about 30 feet in height and reach 

 nearly across the valley. A small tarn occurs behind the upper- 

 most one, and the drainage from this — as well as the stream that 

 flows from the glaciers — is forced by the moraines to the south 

 side. A little farther up, the valley bends abruptly northward, 

 and is crossed by a steep rock-slope that doubtless marks the site 

 of an old ice-fall. From this point a median moraine runs along 

 the valley, and marks the line of junction of the Lewis glacier with 

 that which flowed from the other two. 



The Map which accompanies the present paper (fig. 2, p. 517) 

 shows the general arrangement of this group of moraines. 



(3) Strioe. — The rocks on Mount Kenya are for the greater part 

 coarsely crystalline lavas which weather irregularly and rapidly, 

 and would do so even if they were not subjected to such exception- 

 ally powerful disintegrating agencies as those which operate on the 

 summit of Kenya. I did not therefore expect to find striae on 

 unexposed surfaces. A few likely situations on lava-bosses on the 

 sides of the valleys were selected and the turf removed ; striae 



,were then found in every case ; they were usually very well marked, 

 and especially so on the rocks near the great bend of the Teleki 

 Valley, at the point marked in the map (fig. 2, p. 517). The other 

 localities are not marked, as the striae were there not so well pre- 

 served and might easily be overlooked by anyone who was not 

 prepared for a little trouble and had not had some practice iu 

 observing striae. 



The boulders in the upper moraines are seldom striated. 



III. The Natcee and Age oe the Glaciation. 



In the preceding pages evidence has been adduced to prove that 

 the existing glaciers on Kenya were once far more extensive than 

 they are at present. They are now merely ' stream-glaciers.' 

 Erratics, however, occur on the crests of the ridges, as on that on 

 the north side of the Teleki Valley ; the ice must therefore at one 

 time have completely filled up the valleys, as they were then in 

 existence. Moreover, the great terminal moraine which probably 

 extends all round the mountain could not have been formed by any 



