6 



The os calces of deer were also found. They are, in most cases smoothed 

 on their lateral face or at one or both ends. (Fig. 8, PI. XT). 



Three pieces of bone of some mammal not identified are well sharpened to 

 a point. Besides these worked specimens, those found together with potteries 

 are two bones of ox (one is a left humerus, and the other the coössified radius 

 and ulna of the same leg), os calcis of deer, bird's bones, teeth and jaws of deer, 

 a single human bone (left femur), cuttle-fish bones, and hundreds of pieces of the 

 bones of various animals. The human femur is roughly broken off at either end, 

 a comparison with the recent human femur shows no difference in proportions. 



Among the deer's antlers, only three pieces have been charred. Among the 

 great quantity of bones found only one bone belonging to man was met with. 

 It is interesting to observe that this bone is rudely broken at both ends, and 

 though it would be unsafe to draw any conclusion from a single example, yet its 

 being broken in precisely the same way as the bones of other mammals might be 

 taken as an indication of cannibalism. And this conclusion would be in ac- 

 cordance with the observations made by Prof. Wyman in the Florida and New 

 England Shell Heaps and of those of Prof. Morse in the Oniori and other 

 deposits. 



The presence of ox bones in the deposit, are evidently cases of intrusion 

 unless we suppose the wild ox has existed in Japan. 



ANCIENT MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF OKADAIRA 

 DEPOSIT. 



Special efforts were made to collect sufficient material, so that a comparison 

 might be made between the recent and ancient mollusks of this region. We 

 failed to accomplish this object owing to the scarcity of the recent shells on the 

 adjacent coast. 



The following list enumerates the species of mollusks thus met with in the 

 Okadaira deposit, and as special efforts were made to collect every species in the 

 mound, the list will not probably be much increased by future additions. 

 The Lamellibranchiates thus far found in the deposit are: — 



Area inflata, Reeve. 



Area suhcrenata, Lischke. 



Area granosa, Linne. 



Lutraria Nuttali, Conrad. 



Mactra veneriformis, Deshayes. 



Dosinia Troseheli, Lischke. 



Cyiherea meretrix, Linne'. 



Ostrea denslamellosa, Lischke. 



Ostrea sp. 



Tapes sp. 



Tapes sp. 



