38-1 Intelligence and Miscellaneous Articles. 



In order to obtain an interpolation formula for the diminutions 

 observed, and to represent it in its dependence on the temperature, 

 the diminutions of the tension was considered to be dependent on the 

 latter. It was found that the three mixtures of salts, at all degrees 

 of temperature, diminish the tension of the vapour in the same pro- 

 portion, so that if V= the diminution, T= the tension of vapour in 



V 



pressures of millimetres of mercury, v=aT, and a=— = invariable 



(as Wullner had already found). Thus, for instance, for 



lKSO 4 + 0-6031NaCl and 0'8351NaSO 4 + 0-768KCl, V = 0'00574T. 



The values given above are calculated by these formulae : they 

 do not diverge from the observed ones by more than the ordinary 

 errors of experiment. 



Two salt-mixtures of the same constituents/which contain them 

 in equivalent proportions, diminish the tension in quite the same 

 manner; hence the correctness of Berthollet's law is proved. For 

 if the -four salts were not formed, the diminution could not be 

 the same, seeing that different salts act differently on the tension. 

 But if they are formed, each two of the four salts have the 

 same acids in the same metals, and in each mixture a composi- 

 tion of the two salts is possible in four ways. But the diminu- 

 tion by two such salts is not equal to the sum of the diminutions by 

 the individual salts. Hence equality of diminution can only occur 

 if the substances, of which there are equal quantities in both solu- 

 tions, are present in the solution in the form prescribed by Berthol- 

 let's law. 



The law propounded by Wullner, that the diminution by two salts 

 in solution is not equal to the sum of the diminutions of the indivi- 

 dual salts, is confirmed by the experiments adduced. For if the 

 diminutions for the individual salts of the four in solution are cal- 

 culated, there is obtained from the diminutions given by Wullner for 

 1 per cent of the salt taken, 



V=0-Q62T— 0-00000075 T 2 , &c, 



numbers which show no agreement with those given above. — Poggen- 

 dorff's Annalen, January 1865 ; Zeitschrift fur Chemie, part 6, 1865. 



ON THE GENERAL EXISTENCE OE COPPER IN THE ANIMAL 

 KINGDOM. BY G. L. ULEX*. 



In the blood of the lower animals, especially the Mollusca, the 

 existence of copper has been an established fact for some years. In 

 the higher animals it has been but little sought for; and when it has, 

 mostly none has been found. Thus in 1853, Wackenroder was un- 

 able to detect either copper or lead in the blood of the ox, the sheep, 

 or the fowl ; but he found it in the blood of the duck. 



In the human blood and muscles the existence of copper has been 

 as often asserted as denied : the details of this question are given 

 in Liebig and Kopp's Jahresbericht for 1847 and 1848. 



* From a separate Paper, communicated 03^ the Author. 



