INTERNATIONAL CHECKLIST OF CULTIVATED ILEX 5 



taxonomic problems. Accordingly, different formats must be adopted for 

 listing each genus. Ilex is no exception to this pattern, and a special format 

 found to be the most adaptable for clonal names of cultivated /. opaca was 

 developed. This format appropriately includes, in consistent sequence, 

 categories of specialized information and references : 



(1) Kegardless of rank, all names of /. opaca (subspecies, botanical 

 varieties, botanical forms, and cultivars) are enumerated in alphabetical 

 order. 



(2) The earliest published reference for a name of a plant in cultivation 

 is placed within parentheses. When two or more early references are dated 

 the same year, they are both included within the first set of parentheses. 

 Subsequent pertinent references are cited without parentheses. 



(3) Important information from the original bibliographic citation 

 follows the name and is preceded by a dash. Descriptive information is 

 presented in the following order : habit ; leaf characters ; fruit characters ; 

 and miscellaneous data such as hardiness. When available, the source, dis- 

 coverer, selector, namer, and introducer (with significant dates) follow. 

 Information undocumented by published references is often included and 

 segregated by a period. 



(4) Synonyms are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the text of 

 each enumeration. The valid name, when ascertained, is at the beginning of 

 the list of synonyms. 



(5) Cultivar and botanical names are indicated in the section "Alpha- 

 betical List of Documented Epithets of Cultivated Ilex opaca" and in Ap- 

 pendices A, B, and C by various type styles : 



(a) Valid Cultivar names are shown in boldface capitals and 

 small capitals. 



(b) Invalid Cultivar names are shown in lightface capitals and 

 small capitals. 



(c) Valid botanical names are shown in boldface italic. 



(d) Invalid botanical names are shown in lightface italic. 



Where type style alone cannot clearly distinguish the validity of a plant 

 name, the word "Invalid" in parentheses immediately follows that 

 plant name. 



Terminology 



Certain terms often used have broad and occasionally different meanings 

 among and between botanists and horticulturists. A wide variation of 

 opinion exists in the literature as to the meaning of "cultivated" and 

 "introduced." The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated 

 Plants — 1961 states, "The introducer is the person or agency first making 

 the cultivar available to the public." The 1969 edition of this Code makes 

 no comment concerning this statement. 



