INTERNATIONAL CHECKLIST OF CULTIVATED ILEX 3 



for cultivated Ilex accepts only one valid cultivar name for a single clone 

 (synonyms) . Likewise, it follows that not more than one clone in the entire 

 genus may have the same valid cultivar name (homonyms). In most cases, 

 when homonyms are present, the earliest validly published name is ac- 

 cepted. In order to be valid, descriptions are not necessary for cultivar 

 names published before January 1, 1959. However, in order to be valid, 

 cultivar names published on or after January 1, 1959, in most cases, must be 

 accompanied by a description. The original reference cited for a name 

 indicates if a description is absent. Moreover, if a later reference with a 

 suitably published description is found, the later reference is cited. 



Some cultivars of current commercial importance are listed as invalid ; 

 some of these names could be validated by the publication of a descrip- 

 tion, whereas others would require a published change of name by or with 

 the approval of the originator. Appropriate name changes are acceptable 

 only when they conform to the requirements of the Code. 



Appendix B is a list of previously published names that have been 

 validated here for the first time by the incorporation of previously un- 

 published descriptions. This validation is clearly indicated in the enumera- 

 tions of these names. 



This checklist is not merely a registration list, although all registered 

 names are enumerated, and implies no intentional judgment of distinct- 

 ness or superiority of one over another. Any degree of virtue mentioned 

 is derived solely from the reference descriptions, unless stated to the con- 

 trary. The checklist is not a buyer's guide, although many commercial 

 sources are mentioned. Sources are cited solely as the earliest or supple- 

 mental references to clonal and cultivar descriptions. No responsibility can 

 be accepted for current availability with the sources mentioned. 



Ilex opaca 



Ilex opaca (W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kewensis. Ed. 1, v. 1, p. 169. 

 1789.) — "/. foliis ovatis acutis spmosis glabris plants, floribus ad basin 

 ramulorum annotinorum sparsis" 



Ilex opaca, most commonly referred to as the "American" holly, is 

 native to Eastern United States and is a popular cultivated ornamental. 

 Aiton based his description of /. opaca on material cultivated in England 

 and referred to the plant as a hardy "shrub." According to Aiton, this 

 species was originally brought into cultivation in Great Britain in 1744 

 by Archibald, the Duke of Argyle, at Inverary Castle in Scotland. The 

 original source of Argyle's material of /. opaca has yet to be ascertained, 

 but the Eoyal Botanic Gardens at Edinburgh or the Royal Botanic Gar- 

 dens at Kew are distinct possibilities. However, the indigenous peoples 

 of Eastern North America also knew this species, and it played a role 



