Mr. Gr. Gunn on the Forest-bed Series in Suffolk. 161 



tinned to retreat; but there was a temporary advance of the Atlantic 

 glacier, which again blocked up the Channel, and produced a second 

 great lake, which, however, did not attain so great a height as the 

 first, and its waters were not discharged in the same tumultuous 

 fashion. At this period the Upper Boulder-clay of Norfolk and 

 Suffolk was formed ; but the author is not convinced that this 

 formation is represented south of the Thames, except by the " Trail" 

 of the Rev. 0. Fisher. In the sixth and last stage the Atlantic ice 

 retreated as far as the north of Scotland : but the sea had not re- 

 turned to its former level ; the British Isles were connected with 

 the continent and with each other. To this the author assigns the 

 last great forest period, and the arrival of Neolithic man and the 

 associated fauna from the continent. 



November 17th, 1875. — John Evans, Esq., Y.P.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 



The following communications were read : — 



1. " On a new Modification of Dinosaurian Vertebras." By Prof. 

 Richard Owen, C.B., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c. 



2. " On the presence of the Forest-bed Series at Kessingland 

 and Pakefield, in Suffolk, and its position beneath the Chillesford 

 Clay." By John Gunn, Esq., M.A., F.G.S. 



In this paper the author described a section from the cliff at 

 Kessingland and Pakefield, from the examination of which he 

 arrived at the conclusion, that the Forest-bed series underlies the 

 Chillesford Clay and Sands. At the foot of the cliff there is an 

 estuarine deposit forming the soil of the Forest-bed, consisting of 

 blue clay and gravel, the " Elephant-bed " of the author's former 

 paper. Above this is the Forest-bed, containing large stools and 

 stems of trees, but no fossil bones. This is followed by a freshwater 

 deposit, consisting of black soil with freshwater shells, corresponding 

 to a similar bed at Mundesley and Runton, known as the " Unio 

 bed," and including the " Rootlet-bed " of oozy clay, regarded by 

 Mr. Prestwich as an indication of the forest. The author considers 

 the supposed rootlets to represent brushwood which succeeded the 

 true forest. Above this come Fluvio-marine deposits, in which Crag 

 shells occur, although but rarely. To this division the author was 

 inclined to refer the Norwich Crag, which at Bramerton underlies 

 the next division, regarded by the author as the Chillesford Clay 

 and Sands. Of the overlying deposits the first is supposed to be the 

 " Pebbly bed " by the author ; it has been regarded as Middle Drift ; 

 and the uppermost is Upper Boulder-clay. The paper was illustrated 

 by the exhibition of a fine series of bones, chiefly Cervine, from the 

 lowest deposit noticed by the author. 



December 1, 1875.— John Evans, Esq., Y.P.R.S., President, 

 in the Chair. 

 The following communication was read : — 

 " On the Granitic, Granitoid, and associated Metamorphic Rocks 



