212 Mr. W. Gelling on the Formulation of 



tern consists in specializing by the name of carbinol that par- 

 ticular marsh-gas residue, whether mono-, di-, or trihydric in 

 which a replacement of hydrogen by hydroxyl has been 

 effected, and in naming therewith the associated hydrocarbon 

 residue or residues of the original paraffin. In this way the 

 primary, secondary, and tertiary 5-carbon alcohols, for in- 

 stance, are designated by Kolbe as follows, his mode of for- 

 mulating them, however, being different from that employed 

 below : — 



Butyl-carbinol. Propyl-methyl-earbinol. Ethyl-dimethyl-carbinol. 



(HO)H 2 C.C 4 H 9 HO.HC { £ 3 ^ HO.C j ^^ 



It was pointed out, when speaking of the paraffins, that the 



expression for normal pentane, for instance, H 2 C-J pVr 7 , is 



equally with other expressions, including H 3 C.C 4 H 9 , merely 

 a condensation of the expression 



H3C.GH2.CH2.CII2.CH3. 



Now it is obviously from the expression H3C.C4H9 for the 

 paraffin that the above expression (HO)H 2 C.C 4 H 9 for the 

 primary alcohol is derived ; and this mode of formulation may 

 often be resorted to with advantage in the case of primary 

 alcohols, from its bringing out so well the relationship between 

 them and the secondary and tertiary alcohols, as shown in the 

 above examples — and also the relationship to one another of 

 the cyanide, acid, and alcohol, as shown below : — 



Butyl-cyanide. JButyl-oxatyl. Butyl-carbinol. 



NC.C 4 H 9 H0 2 C.C 4 H 9 (HO)H 2 C.C 4 H 9 . 



On the other hand, it fails to indicate the derivation of the 

 secondary alcohol from the normal paraffin, and that of the 

 tertiary alcohol from the isoparaffin, as illustrated by formulas 

 of the description thought to be, on the whole, most advanta- 

 geous : — 



Normal paraffin. Primary alcohol. Secondary alcohol. 



Hfi/ CsH 7 TT p( C 3 H 6 .OE[ pry-v TTp ( C 3 H 7 



M *° \ CH 3 H2 ° \ CH 3 MO.MO j c H3 . 



Isoprimary alcohol. Tertiary alcohol. 



"T 4 .OH rc 2 H 5 



HC^ C H a HO.C-> C H 3 . 



lCH s 



It is further to be remarked that the several expres- 

 sions (HO)H 2 C.C 4 H 9 and H 3 C.C 4 H 8 (OH), H 2 c{£j* 2 - OH , 



