328 NABCOTIC USAGES AND STJPEKSTITIONS 



ducts of European art. Among the Chinooks, for example, inhabit- 

 ing the tract of country at the mouth of the Columbia River, the 

 only domestic utensils remarked by Mr. Paul Kane, as creditable to 

 their decorative skill were carved bowls and spoons of horn, and 

 baskets and cooking vessels made of roots and grass, woven so closely 

 as to serve all purposes of a pitcher in holding aud carrying water. 

 In these they even boil the salmon which constitute their principal 

 food. This is done by placing the fish in one of the baskets filled 

 with water, into wjiich they throw red hot stones until the fish is cook- 

 ed. Mr. Kane observes that he has seen fish dressed as expeditious- 

 ly by this means, as if boiled in the ordinary way in a kettle over a 

 fire. 



Keeping in view the evidence thus obtained, it will probably be 

 accepted as a conjecture not without much probability in its favor, 

 that the rude clay pipes referred to, found along with other Canadian 

 relics, and especially with specimens of fictile ware no longer known 

 to the modern Indian, furnish examples of the tobacco pipe in use in the 

 region of the Great Lakes when the northern parts of this continent 

 first became known to Europeans. The application of the old Indian 

 potter's art to the manufacture of tobacco-pipes is a well established 

 fact. Ancient chTy pipes of various types and forms have been discover- 

 ed and described ; and in a " Natural History of Tobacco'' 1 in the 

 Harleian Miscellany,* it is stated that : " the Virginians were 

 observed to have pipes of clay before even the English came there '■> 

 and from those barbarians we Europeans have borrowed our mode and 

 fashion of smoking." 



Specimens of another class of clay pipes of a larger size, and 

 with a tube of such length as obviously to be designed for use 

 without the addition of a pipe-stem, have also been repeatedly met 

 with, and several from Canadian localities are in my own possession. 

 In the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, February, 1848, Dr. E. W, 

 Bawtree describes a series of discoveries of sepulchral remains, ac- 

 companied with numerous Indian relics, made in the district to the 

 south of the River Severn, between Lake Simcoe and Georgian Bay. 

 These included specimens of the large pyrulce, or tropical shells of the 

 Florida Gulf, copper kettles, arrow heads, bracelets and other personal 

 ornaments, of copper, beads of shell and red pipe-stone, and also 

 various examples of the larger clay pipes : which no doubt belong to 

 an era subsequent to intercourse with Europeans, as the same dis- 

 coveries included axe-heads and other relics of iron. Another ex- 



* Vol. I. Page 535- Quoted in Notes and Queries, vol. VII. Page 230. 



