Or THE OLD AND NEW WOKLB. 333 



but the general design is purely Indian ; the figures are further com- 

 pleted with native head dresses of feathers, and the whole conception 

 and execution well illustrate the usual style of the more elaborate 

 Chippeway pipe sculptures. 



One 'of the most celebrated of these Indian pipe sculptors is 

 Pabahmesad, or the Flier, an old Chippeway still living on the Great 

 Manitouanin Island in Lake Huron ; but more generally known as 

 Pwahguneka: the Pipe Maker, literally "he makes pipes." Though 

 brought in contact with the Christian Indians of the Malmetooahning, 

 or Manitoulin Islands, Dr. O'Meara informs me that he resolutely ad- 

 heres to the pagan" creed and rites of his fathers, and resists all the 

 encroachments of civilization. His materials are the muhkulida- 

 pwaligunalibecJc, or black pipe-stone of Lake Huron, the wahbe- 

 pwahgunahbec/c, or white pipe-stone, procured on St. Joseph's Island, 

 and the miskopwaligunalibeck, or red pipe-stone of the Couteau de 

 Prairies. His saw, with which the stone is first roughly blocked out, 

 is made by himself out of a bit of iron hoop, and his other tools are 

 correspondingly rude ; nevertheless the workmanship of Pabahmesad 

 shows him to be a master of his art. One of the specimens of his 

 skill has been deposited by Dr. O'Meara in the museum of Trinity 

 College, Dublin, which, from the description I have received, appears 

 to correspond very closely to the example figured on plate II. 

 Another of the Chippeway black-stone pipes in Mr. Allan's collec- 

 tion is a square tube terminating in a horse's head, turned back, so as 

 to be attached by its nose to the bowl of the pipe, and on the longer 

 side of the tube two figures are seated, one behind the other, on the 

 ground, with their knees bent up, and looking towards the pipe bowl. 

 A different specimen of the Chieppeway pipe, brought from the 

 north-west by Mr. Kane, is made from the root of a red deer's horn, 

 inlaid with lead, as in the red pipe-stone and limestone pipes al- 

 ready referred to as made by the Chippevvays, the "Winnebagos, and 

 the Siouxs. 



But the most remarkable of ail the specimens of pipe sculpture 

 executed by the Indians of the north-west 3 are those carved by the 

 Babeen, or big-lip Indians ; so called from the singular deformity 

 they produce by inserting a piece of wood into a slit made in the 

 lower lip. The Babeen Indians are found along the Pacific Coast, 

 about latitude 54° 40', and extend from the borders of the Eussian 

 dominions east-ward nearly to Prazer River. Some of the customs 

 of the Babeen Indians are scarcely less singular than that from 

 whence their name is derived ; and are deserving of minute compari- 



