402 ON THE EARLY DISCOVERIES OF THE 



mean time, and where Champlain indicates populous tribes we find 

 here only Hurons, Eries, &c, "nation detruite." 



The last map relating to Upper Canada is not copied from any old 

 map, but represents Lake Ontario as it is, with the various names 

 which are given in different maps and descriptions to localities on its 

 shores, and I have added to it a somewhat enlarged copy of Creuxius' 

 topography of the Huron villages near Lake Simcoe.* There is consi- 

 derable confusion in these different names. One name which is 

 variously written as Tejajagon, Teyogagon, Terraiagon, &c, is gen- 

 erally placed in the neighbourhood of Toronto, but Hennepin gives 

 a similar name to a place 17 leagues above Kingston, and one of 

 the maps to a place on Burlington Bay. Another place called Ganar- 

 aske is apparently Port Hope, but Lahontan gives that name to Bur- 

 lington Bay also. As for the names given in Creuxius' s map, bearing 

 date 1660, either to places on our shore of Lake Ontario, or to the Huron 

 villages round Lake Simcoe, I have hardly been able to identify one of 

 them with any name which appears elsewhere. The carrying place to 

 Lake Simcoe does not appear to have been at Toronto, but at some 

 place considerably to the east of it, at the Rouge perhaps, and its name 

 with various modifications of spelling, may be called Ganatchikiagon. 

 As for the name Toronto, in the earlier maps it is always given to Lake 

 Simcoe, and in the Huron language seems to have meant much or mul- 

 titude, but Creuxius calls Lake Simcoe Lacus Ouentaronius. I do not 

 find Toronto applied to its present locality till a map, which illustrates 

 the campaign which ended in Braddocks defeat in 1755, when there 

 appears to have been a French Fort here. 



The remaining map belongs to Lower Canada exclusively, and to a 

 portion of it which, being under lease to the Hudson's Bay Company 

 at the munificent rent of a£50 a year, is hardly at all known at present. 

 It bears date 1735, and professes to be the first map that ever was 

 made of that region, which was the Crown domain. It is com- 

 piled by a Jesuit living at Chicoutimi, and if it is not more accurate 

 at a distance than it is within 30 or 40 miles from his own door, the 

 great detail into which it enters cannot be much relied upon. It is, 

 however, a curious map, with a very flowery dedication to the Dauphin, 



•The accompanying map, engraved for the Journal from the original in Father Ducreux's 

 Uistoria Canadensis, Paris 1664, represents the region around Lake Simcoe as laid down in 

 1660. Unfortunately the narrows which form the junction between Lake Simcoe and the 

 little Lake Couchiching have been omitted, probably through the carelessness of the engraver, 

 but in other respects the outlines are surprisingly accurate. The Indian names, however 

 appear to be hopelessly corrupt and their Latin dress adds to the difficulty of identifying 

 them. Lacus Ouentaronius may perhaps be read Oucn-tarontus in accordance with the 

 name elsewhere assigned to Lake Simcoe. 



