66 



APPENDIX, No. I. 



forming the eastern side of Callao Bay. It is 

 usual to make the land of Morro Solar, which lies 

 ten miles to the southward of Callao, and then run 

 into the roads by the Boqueron Passage, or pro- 

 ceed round by the north end of San Lorenzo. 

 By attending closely to the directions on Mr Fos- 

 ter's chart transmitted to the Admiralty, any 

 vessel may safely enter the Boqueron ; but great 

 attention must be paid to the lead and the bearings, 

 and an anchor kept ready to let go. 



It is generally calm in Callao Roads during the 

 morning, and sometimes foggy ; but about eleven 

 o'clock, it clears up, and the breeze freshens from 

 the southward, which enables ships to reach the 

 anchorage generally without a tack, after rounding 

 the north end of Lorenzo ; so that upon the 

 whole, this outer route, which is entrely free 

 from danger, is preferable to the other, at least for 

 a stranger. 



NO. IV. 

 LIMA. TO VALPARAISO. 



28th of February to 18th of March 1821. 

 (18 Days.) 



The return passage from Peru to Chili requires 

 some attention, and may generally be made by a 

 man-of-war in less than three weeks ; it has been 

 made in less than a fortnight by a frigate, which, 

 however, on the next occasion, took twenty- eight 

 days. The point which contributes most to the 

 success of this passage is keeping well off the wind 

 after leaving Lima, and not having any scruples 

 about making westing, provided southing can also 

 be gained. The S.E. trade-wind, through which 

 the greater part of this course is to be made, inva- 

 riably draws to the eastward at its southern limit, 

 and, therefore, a ship eventually can always make 

 her southing. The object, however, being to get 

 past the trade and into the westerly winds, which 

 lie to the southward, a ship ought to keep the 

 wind, at least a beam, while crossing the trade. In 

 winter, that is, when the sun is to the northward 

 of the equator, the trade-wind blows steadier, and 

 its southern extreme lies four or five degrees to 

 the northward of its summer limit, which may be 

 taken at about 30° or 31° South. 



The sun was near the equator when this passage 

 was made, and we retained the trade-wind as far 

 as 31° South, after which we had Northerly and 

 North-westerly winds as far as the Island of Mas- 

 afuera, when it shifted to South, and then to S.E. 

 by S., blowing fresh. This changed to S.S.E., the 

 regular coast-wind, as we drew in shore. During 

 summer, the land ought always to be made to the 

 southward of the port. In winter, when hard north 

 winds are frequent, this is not advisable. Perhaps, 

 at such seasons, a direct course for Valparaiso may 

 be the best, after losing the trade-wind. 



VALPARAISO TO LIMA, BY TIIE ENTREMEDIOS, 

 OR INTERMEDIATE PORTS. 



11th of May to 2Alh of June 1881, 

 From Valparaiso we steered at the distance of 

 about sixty mile* from the coast, as far as lat. 22^° 

 South ; when we hauled in, and afterwards coasted 



along in sight of the shore, at the distance of seven 

 or eight leagues, as far as Arica. The winds being 

 light from S.S.E., it was not till the 7th of June 

 that we anchored there. From thence we coasted 

 along by Quiaca, Morra de Sama, and Ilo, to Mol- 

 lendo, the winds being generally from the east- 

 ward, and drawing off shore at night ; calm in the 

 mornings ; and hauling in from the sea in the day ; 

 the weather invariably fine. From Mollendo to 

 Lima we had a fresh breeze off shore about S.E. 

 On approaching the Morro Solar, the wind fell 

 light, and we were obliged to tow the ship through 

 the Boqueron Passage into Callao Roads. 



There is no difficulty in making a passage along 

 the south coast of Peru from the eastward. But 

 from the westward a great deal of vigilance is re- 

 quisite to take advantage of every occasional shift 

 of wind, since by this means alone can a passage 

 be made. The best authorities are, I think, against 

 standing out to sea to the south-westward, in the 

 hopes of fetching in upon the starboard tack. The 

 Constellation, American frigate, tried this passage, 

 but she thereby lost a great deal of time, being at 

 least three weeks in going from Lima to Mol- 

 lendo. 



The San Martin, bearing Lord Cochrane's flag, 

 made the passage to Arica, which is considerably 

 further, in thirteen days, by keeping in-shore, and 

 taking advantage of the changes which take place, 

 with more or less regularity, every evening and 

 morning. 



As the weather along the south coast of Peru is 

 invariably fine, ships are not otherwise incom- 

 moded at the various anchorages, than by a high 

 swell, which always rolls in at the full and change 

 of the moon. Arica is the only place having any 

 pretensions to the name of a harbour ; but the se- 

 veral bays described in Mr. Foster's Memoir may 

 be considered safe ? provided the ground-tackling 

 be good. 



NO. VI. 



CHORILLOS (NEAR LIMA) TO VALPARAISO. 



10th to 28th of August 1821. 



(18 Days.) 



This being what is called the winter passage, 

 we lost the trade-wind in latitude 25° South, after 

 which we had the winds to the S.W. as far as lon- 

 gitude 88° West, and latitude 27° South, when it 

 shifted to the N.W. and West, and so to the S.W. 

 and South, as far as 78° west longitude, and lati- 

 tude 33° South. We were much embarrassed by 

 calms, light winds, and heavy rains, after which 

 the wind came to the northward and N.N.W.,with 

 thick rainy weather. We made the land to the 

 southward of Valparaiso on the 27th, and got 

 in next day by the wind coming round to the 

 S.W. 



At this season of the year, when northerly winds 

 prevail, with heavy rain, and unpleasant weather, 

 it does not seem advisable to make the coast to the 

 southward of the port. Neither ought a ship, I 

 think, to run into Valparaiso in one of these gales, 

 since the wind frequently blows home, and is at- 

 tended by a high swell. During the winter, the 

 best ground-tackle ought to be laid out to the north- 

 ward, and a birth taken sufficiently far from the 

 shore to allow of veering, in the event of bad wea- 

 ther coming on. It does not seem necessary to 



