ciiAi\ ci. 



ULMA c:i:.K. U'LMUS. 



1377 



own. It was raised in 1817, by Mr. Masters. The stems are 

 erect ; and it does not appear likely to exceed 30 ft. in height. It 

 produces an abundance of twigs, and these are in great part pendu- 

 lous, whence its name. There is a fine tree of this variety in the 

 Horticultural Society's Garden, which, in 1834, when we had a 

 drawing taken of it, was 30 ft. high. 



¥ U. c. \ 3 pareidolia; U. parvifolia Jac. PI. liar. Hort. Sch(vnbr.,\u.p.2Q\. 

 t. 262., Pair. EncycL Suppl, iv.p. 189., Rcem. ct Schult. Sj/st. Veg. % 

 vi. p. 302., Willd. JEnum. Hort. licrol., i. p. 295., Willd. Baumz.,i.p. 

 521.; U. microphylla Pcrs.; U. pumila var. j8 (transbai'calensis) Pall. 

 Eoss./i. p. 76. t.48.; U. pumila Willd. Sp. P/.,i. p. 1326., Ait. Hort. 

 Kew.j Gmcl. Sib., iii. p. 105. No. 82., Poiret Encyc.Mclh., iv. p. 612. 

 Rami, ct Schult. Syst. Veg.,\'\. p. 202. ; U. p. 

 foliis parvis, &c, Pink Aim., p. 293.; U. 

 humilis Enum. Stirp. Ruth., p. 180. No. 260.; 

 and our fig. 1230. — A tree, according to 

 Pallas, who mentions several varieties of it, 

 very common in all the woods of the south 

 of Russia, and varying in height from that 

 of a middle-sized tree to that of a diminu- 

 tive shrub, according to the soil and climate 

 in which it grows. It is very plentiful about 

 Caucasus ; through Siberia, it gradually be- 

 comes more scarce ; but it occurs again about 

 the Lake Baikal, where the inhabitants use 

 the leaves as a substitute for tea. It has 

 been treated by most botanists as a species ; 

 but it is not nearly so distinct from U. cam- 

 pestris as U. c. viminalis, which we know 

 to have been raised, by Mr. Masters, from 1230 



seeds of the common English elm. The wood of this variety, ac- 

 cording to Pallas, when it assumes a tree-like form, is very hard and 

 tough ; and it is veined with transverse lines. The root is also 

 beautifully variegated, and used by the turner and cabinet-maker. 

 One of the subvarieties mentioned by Pallas has the bark somewhat 

 fungous or corky ; another has the branches slender, wand-like, and 

 of a whitish grey. In mountain rocks, the branches are short and 

 thick ; but, in sandy soils, the trees are small, and the shoots slender. 



% U. c. 14 planifdlia,U. planifoliai/or/.,and the plate of this tree in our last 

 Volume, is a handsome small tree, closely resembling the preceding 

 variety. 



t U. c. 15 chimnsis ; U. chinensis Pers., i. p. 291. No. 9., Rocm.ct Schult. 

 Syst. Veg.,vi. p. 303.; The de l'Abbe Gallois, Orme nain, Fr.; and 

 our fig. 1231.; is a low bush, introduced from China, 

 but when is uncertain. Notwithstanding the circum- 

 stance of its being kept in green-houses in some cases, 

 and retaining its leaves there through the winter, we 

 cannot consider it as anything else than a variety of 

 U. campestris. We are confirmed in this opinion by 

 Mr. Main, who brought home some plants of this sort 

 from China, and found them stand the rigour of our 

 winters in the garden of his friend, the Rev. Mr. 

 Norris of Grove Street, Hackney. (See Gard. Mag., 

 vol. ii. p. 139.) We believe it to be the same sort 

 which is sometimes imported from China, in the form 

 of a miniature old tree, planted in a China vase. 

 While retained in these vases, and sparingly supplied 

 with nourishment, it maintains its stunted figure ; but, 

 planted out in the free soil, in a favourable situation, in a year or two 

 4x 2 



