CHAP. CI. 



ULMtVCEJE. PLANERS 



1109 



U. (c.) 

 given in 



wahoo elm is found only in the lower part of Virginia, in the 

 maritime districts of the Carolinas and Georgia, in West 

 Tennessee, and in some parts of Kentucky. It is generally 

 found on the banks of rivers, and in the great swamps en- 

 closed in the pine barrens. The wood is fine-grained, more 

 compact, heavier, and stronger than that of U. americana. 

 The heart-wood is of a dull chocolate colour, and always 

 bears a great proportion to the sap-wood. At Charleston, 

 and some other parts of the southern states, it is used for 

 the naves of coach wheels ; but Michaux says that it is not 

 appropriated to any other use. There are small plants in 

 Messrs. Loddiges's collection, which, from the leaves, might 

 be taken for those of U. (c.) suberosa ; and the engraving 

 in Michaux, from which jig. 1248. is reduced to our usual 

 scale, closely resembles the young shoots and leaves of that tree of 

 suberosa in the Horticultural Society's Garden, of which a plate is 

 our last Volume. 



App. i. Doubtful Sorts qfU'lmiis. 



This genus, as observed by Professor Lindley (Synops., p. 227.). is in such a state of confusion, that it 

 is impossible to determine what plants are meant by various names extant in botanical works. U. pu- 

 bescens Walt, and U.fruticdsa Willd. are of this description. In p. 174., U. integrifhlia and U.virgiita 

 are mentioned as Himalayan species, probably hardy or half-hardy. In Royle's Must., p. 339., U. 

 {ancifdlki, U. erbsa, which resembles if. effusa, U. Icevigltta, and U. virgata, are mentioned as natives 

 of the Himalayas and other parts of India, and some of them of China. A plant named U. canadensis, 

 in the Horticultural Society's Garden, has a smooth bark, like U. montana, and appears to be nothing 

 more than that species. The Wormley Grange, or Byford, elm, and the black elm of Ireland, are 

 said by Dr. Lindley to be probably other species to add to the British flora. Sir J. E. Smith considers 

 the Hertfordshire elm as U. montana ; but Dr. Lindley says that it " is probably a variety of U. cam- 

 p£stris." Notwithstanding the utmost attention that we have been able to give to this subject, and 

 the communication of specimens from all parts of the country, we have by no means been able to 

 draw up this article in a manner perfectly satisfactory to ourselves. Specimens, except in cases 

 where they have been gathered from trees by ourselves, and, therefore, serve to remind us of the ge- 

 neral appearance and habit of the tree whence they have been taken, we have found in this, as in many 

 other cases, to be of comparatively little use. The genus, as Dr. Lindley has observed, must be 

 studied during a period of several years, from living plants. An ulmarium, though it would not 

 exhibit so much grandeur as a pinetum, so much beauty as an ericetum, nor so much blossom in 

 early spring as a salictum, would be incomparably more useful ; provided proper space were allowed 

 to admit of every tree attaining its natural size and shape, and that, after ten or twelve years," a 

 specimen of every tree were cut down, and the wood examined. 



Genus II. 



PLA'NERyJI Gmel. The Planera. Lin. Syst. Polygamia Monce v cia; or 

 Tetr-Pent-andria Digynia. 



Identification. Gmel. Syst. Nat, 2. p. ?150. ; Michx. North Amer. Sylva, 3. p. 100. ; N. Du Ham., 7. 



p. 65. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; Lindley Nat. Syst. of Bot., p. 179. 

 Synonymes. 7?hamnus Pall, GUldenst. ; U'hnus, various authors, as to the Planera Richard*". 

 Derivation. Named in honour of Planer, professor of botany at Erfurth, who published, in 1788, 



a work entitled Index Plantarum Agri Erfordiensis, in one volume 8vo. 



Description. Deciduous trees and shrubs, natives of Western Asia, and 

 North America ; quite hardy in British gardens, and readily propagated by 

 grafting on the elm, or by layers, in any common soil. 



£ 1. P. Richa'rdz Michx. Richard's Planera, or Zelkoua Tree. 



Identification. Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer., 2. p. 248. ; Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. Suppl., 1. p. 187. ; Rcem. et 

 Schult. Syst. Veg., 6. p. 304. ; Desf. Hist, des Arbres et Arbriss., 2. p. 446. 



Synonymes. P. crenata Michx. Mem. sur le Zelkoua ; P. carpinifolia Wats. Bend. Brit., t. 106. ; 

 P. crenata Desf. ; .Rhamnus carpinifblius Pall. Fl. Ross. ; R. wlmdides GUldenst. It., 1. p. 313. and 

 427.; U Imus crenata Hort. Par., U. parvifblia Willd. Baum. ; U. campestris Walt. Fl. Carol., 

 p. iii. ; U. polygama Richard Act. Paris, 1781 ; U. nemoralis Ait. Hort. Kew.,ed. 2., p. 108. ; U. 

 f'oliis crenatis basi a?qualibus, fructu ovoideo, non compresso, Poiret Encyc. Meth., iv. p. 611. ; le 

 Zelkoua, or Orme de Siberie, Fr. ; Richard's Planere, Ger. 



Engravings. Pall. Fl. Ross., 1. t. 60. ; Wats. Dend. Brit., t. 106. ; our fig. 1249.; and the plates of 

 the tree in our last Volume. 



Spec. Char., fyc. Flowers solitary in the axils of leaves ; and both flowers and 



4 z 2 



