ARBORETUM AND FRUTICETUM. FART ill. 



Anderson, F. L. S., had at that time a collection at West Ham, in Essex, 

 which he was studying for the same purpose; as had Edward Forster, Esq., 

 at WalthamstOW, and which has since been removed to Woodford, in Essex; 

 and \V. Borrer, Esq., at Henfield, in Sussex. At Lewes, in the same county, 

 Mr. Woollgar had extensive willow grounds, studied the species very assidu- 

 ously, and communicated several facts to Sir J. E. Smith. Subsequently, 

 a collection was made by His Grace the Duke of Bedford at Woburn, which 

 appears to have been the most extensive till then made in England; and the 

 next greatest number of sorts is in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges, at 

 Hackney. In all these salictums, we are informed by those who have 

 examined them, the plants were placed too closely together to attain their 

 characteristic form and size. At Woburn, the plants were, till 183G, crowded 

 together in a very limited space, which necessarily prevented their habits 

 from being properly studied; but they have since been transplanted, and 

 allowed more room; though they are not, even now, as it appears to us, in a 

 situation either sufficiently large, or adequately exposed to the influence of 

 the sun and the air. A few species of willows have attained the size of trees 

 in the Horticultural Society's Garden ; but, as far as we are aware, there is 

 no extensive collection of full-grown willows any where either in Britain or 

 on the Continent. Most of the kinds in the Woburn salictum are in the 

 arboretum at Flitwick House, at Goldworth, and at Messrs. Loddiges's, 

 Hackney; and we believe, also, that there are excellent collections in the 

 principal botanic gardens, more especially in that of Edinburgh. The Duke 

 of Bedford, indeed, has liberally contributed cuttings from his collection at 

 Woburn to all who have applied for them ; so that, if willows are not in 

 future extensively cultivated, and properly studied, it will not be for want of 

 plants, but from the cultivators not allowing them sufficient room to attain 

 their natural size and habits. On the Continent, the best collections are in 

 Germany, and principally, we believe, at Erlangen, under the direction of 

 Koch. Dr. Host is said to have cultivated upwards of 300 sorts in the 

 botanic garden under his care at Vienna; and there are good collections at 

 (iottingen, Bremen, and Berlin. 



In an economical point of view, scarcely anything was added to our know- 

 ledge of the culture and uses of the willow since the time of the Romans ; 

 till the slight notices of the uses of willows given by Ray, and afterwards by 

 Evelyn. The first systematic essay on the subject appears to have been 

 written by Dr. Walker, about the latter end of the last century, though not 

 published till 1812. It is entitled Salicetum; or, the Botanical History and 

 Cultivation of Willows ; and it is contained in his volume of Essays, p. 403 — • 

 469. Here 22 species are described, and an account is given of their uses 

 and mode of cultivation. All these species, and various others, which are 

 promised to be described in a future volume, were cultivated by the author in 

 his garden at Collintou, near Edinburgh. 



Salicrs, &c, by Dr. Wade, was published in 1811, and contains descriptions 

 of most of the European species at that time known, with directions for their 

 propagation and culture. 



Willows for basket-making and hoops were principally imported from 

 Holland and France, till towards the commencement of the present century; 

 when our exclusion from the Continent, in consequence of the continued war, 

 led to the formation of plantations at home. The Society of Arts, directing 

 their attention to the subject, have, at various times, offered premiums for the 

 cultivation of willows; and in their Transactions for 1801, 1804, and 1805, as 

 previous and subsequent volumes, will be found accounts of plant- 

 ations made for which premiums were awarded. In England, the principal 

 of these plantations were made bv Arthur Borron of Warrington, in Lan- 

 cashire; Mr. Wade of Suffolk; and Mr. Phillips and Mr. Bull of Ely; and, 

 itland, by Mr. Shirreff, al Captainhead, near Haddington. 



The principal plantations of willows for basket-making, in every country, 



th bank tof rivers and streams; and, in England, those on the 



